Aim and Background: Insomnia is a prevalent health problem characterized by difficulties in sleep initiation, sleep maintenance, or early morning awakenings. In comparison to other sleep disorders, research on etiology of insomnia is in its early stages. The aim of the current study is a brief review of the most important cognitive and behavioral models of insomnia and their therapeutic implications.

Findings: Several behavioral and cognitive models of insomnia tend to focus on different aspects as the start point of the process. Although each model provides a unique perspective of the insomnia, they best viewed as complementary rather than mutually exclusive. These models can be used to guide planning effective treatments for chronic insomnia.

Conclusions: Although different models of insomnia present a better understanding of the complex and multidimensional nature of the disorder, each one of the models has its specific strengths and weaknesses. A comprehensive model incorporates core components of existing models into one model is warranted.