Aim and Background: The End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a progressive, chronic and untreated Kidney Dysfunction that has numerous Physical and Psychological complications. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on improving Anxiety and Depression in Hemodialysis Patients.

Methods and Materials: This study was a non-randomized, semi-experimental, pre-test, post-test design with two months follow-up. The statistical population of the study was hemodialysis patients referring to Tehran Hemodialysis Centers in 2017. From the statistical population, 24 people were selected by purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures.

Findings: The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the variables of anxiety and depression changed during the post-test and follow-up stages, which is significant compared to the pre-test (p<.05). The results also showed that mindfulness variable had a significant effect on the components of anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients (p<.05).

Conclusions: According to the results, it can be deduced that mindfulness training is effective in improving depression, anxiety compared to control group and that this treatment is in the follow-up phase in stable depression. But in the anxiety component, there was no such consistency. Reasons for this consistency include the ease of treatment and rapid patient education as well as the short duration of intervention sessions.