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Aim and Background: Today, one-child adolescents form a part of the society and this question comes to mind: Are there any differences in predicting depression between two groups of one-child and multi-child based on predictor variables of stress, resiliency, attachment styles, and family relations? Methods and Materials: This was a correlational study. The statistical population included all high school students from both one-child and multi-child families. The statistical sample included 150 boy and girl students from both groups in Isfahan, Iran. In order to collect data, Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS), Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Collins and Read’s Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), and Barnes and Olson’s Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. Findings:  In both groups anxious and avoidance attachment style and stress had a positive significant relationship with depression (P < 0.05). There was a negative significant relationship berween resiliency and depressiom in one-child group (P < 0.05), but this relationship was not significant in multi-child group. No significant correlation was found between secure attachment style and depression in both groups and finally, predicting depression based on predictor variables was very different between two groups; so that, family relations and resiliency predicted lack of depression in one-child group, but in multi-child group, avoidance attachment style predicted depression. Conclusions: Regarding the predictor variables of the present study, being one-child or multi-child makes a difference in predicting depression.

Keywords: Adolescents, Depression, Stress, Resilience, Attachment style, Family relations, Only child

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