2024-03-29T12:29:38+03:30 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=135&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
135-494 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Reducing the Obsessions and Compulsions of Patients محمد نریمانی معصومه ملکی پیربازاری نیلوفر میکائیلی عباس ابوالقاسمی Aim and Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy in reducing the obsessions and compulsions of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods and Materials: The present experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all patients with OCD who were older than 18 years of age and referred to private counseling centers and urban and rural health centers in Rasht Province, Iran, in 2014. The statistical sample consisted of 45 patients with OCD selected from among those who referred to these centers. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental (ACT and ERP groups) and control groups. The experimental groups received 8 treatment sessions lasting 45 minutes. In order to assess the severity of obsession and compulsion, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was utilized. Findings: There were significant differences among the three groups in terms of post-test scores of obsession and compulsion (P ≤ 0.010). The results of Tukey's test showed that the mean ACT and ERP scores of both experimental groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P ≤ 0.050). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, ACT causes a greater reduction in the severity of obsessions and compulsion. Thus, mental health experts can use ACT as a therapeutic option. Acceptance and commitment therapy Exposure and response prevention therapy Obsessive and compulsive disorder 2017 2 01 415 420 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-494-en.pdf
135-495 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Yoga and Lavender on Symptoms of Depression in Elderly Women عفت جانی‌زاده رخساره بادامی علیرضا ترکان Aim and Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the elderly. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of a course of yoga training and lavender use on depression in elderly women. Methods and Materials: The present quasi-experiment was performed with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The participants consisted of 40 elderly women aged between 60 and 70 years. They were selected using convenience sampling. The subjects were randomly assigned to 4 groups; the control group, yoga practice group, group of yoga practice combined with lavender use in the first month of training, and group of yoga practice combined with lavender use in the second month of training. All three experimental groups practiced yoga for 2 months. The difference between the experimental groups was in the inhalation of lavender essence. The data collection tool used in this study was the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Findings: The results showed greater reduction in depression in the combined groups compared to the yoga practice group. However, there was no significant difference between the two combined groups. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, physical activity and inhalation of lavender are highly recommended for the reduction of depression. Lavender Yoga Primacy Posteriority Depression Elderly 2017 2 01 421 427 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-495-en.pdf
135-496 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Self-Care in Women with Type II Diabetes منصوره نیکوگفتار رضا قاسمی جوبنه Aim and Background: Self-care is one of the most important factors in improving the quality of life (QOL) of individuals with diabetes. Mindfulness-based interventions can have an important role in increasing self-care in individuals with diabetes. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on increase in self-care in women with type II diabetes. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experiment was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of women with diabetes referring to the Diabetes Society of Tehran, Iran, in 2015. Initially, the subjects were selected through convenience sampling method, and after completing the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire, they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (12 individuals per group). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of mindfulness training, but the control group received no intervention. The gathered data were analyzed using ANCOVA. Findings: There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group (P < 0.01). Therefore, it seems that mindfulness training increased self-care in women with diabetes. Conclusions: The results suggest that mindfulness training increased self-care in women with diabetes. Thus, in diabetes centers and clinics, in addition to the available medical treatments for diabetes, mindfulness-based interventions could be used in order to increase self-care in individuals with diabetes. Mindfulness training Self-care Diabetes 2017 2 01 428 433 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-496-en.pdf
135-497 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Methadone Treatment on Quality of Life, Cravings Management, and Psychological Distress in Individuals Abstaining from Drugs امیرتورج پورنژدی جعفر حسنی شهرام محمدخانی Aim and Background: Substance use disorder (SUD) is one of main issues in the field of mental health and can have negative consequences for patients as well as their families and the society in which they live. The purpose of this study was the investigation of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and methadone treatment on quality of life (QOL), cravings management, and psychological distress in individuals abstaining from drugs. Methods and Materials: This research was implemented using the multiple baseline experimental design within the framework of a single-subject research. Based on the study inclusion criteria, 4 patients were selected using convenience sampling and assigned to the CBT and methadone treatment groups. Individuals in the methadone treatment group received their medication in accordance to the prescription of a physician and those in the CBT group underwent 12 sessions of CBT for addiction. All participants completed the quality of life questionnaire, craving beliefs questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) at certain intervals. Findings: Given the visual inspection of charts, effect size, indicators of improvement, and reduction in scores, CBT was more effective than methadone treatment in increasing QOL (effects size of -0.9 versus -0.62) and reducing depression symptoms (effect size of 0.92 versus 0.78). However, both treatment methods were equally effective in reducing craving (effect size of 0.84 versus 0.74) and anxiety symptoms (effect size of 0.86 versus 0.87). Conclusions: It can be concluded that CBT can decrease psychological distress and cravings and improve QOL through thinking structure modification. Cognitive behavioral therapy Methadone treatment Quality of life Craving Psychological distress 2017 2 01 434 443 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-497-en.pdf
135-498 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 The Relationship of Mental Health and Suicidal Ideation with Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Dimensions among Students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2014-2015 محسن جانقربانی سیف‌اله بخشی Aim and Background: Due to the alarming, rising trend in emotional and mental problems and suicidal ideation among students, identifying factors that can threaten the quality of life (QOL) and health of students is essential. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of mental health and suicidal ideation with health-related QOL (HRQOL) among students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2014-2015. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 1000 students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were selected through stratified random sampling. Using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the relationship of mental health and suicidal ideation with HRQOL and its dimensions was determined. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, and the multiple regression model. Findings: The finding showed that the average QOL score of the students was 70.70 (95% CI: 69.71–71.68) and quality of life for females student was higher than males. The highest score was related to physical performance with a mean score of 85.29 (95% CI: 83.95–86.56), and the lowest score was related to limitation in role performance due to emotional problems with a mean score of 55.26 (95% CI: 52.48–58.17). A significant relationship was observed between mental health and suicidal ideation, and HRQOL and its dimensions among students (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated a high prevalence of mental disorders and suicidal ideation among students. The results also suggest that these factors are related to the students’ level of QOL. The prevention, detection, and treatment of mental disorders and suicidal ideation must be considered as a priority by the university authorities in order to improve the QOL of students. Mental health Suicidal ideation Quality of life Student 2017 2 01 444 454 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-498-en.pdf
135-499 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 A Comparison of Alexithymia, Character and Temperament, and Aggression between Addicts and Healthy Individuals سیده زهره حسینی کتکی محمود نجفی محمد علی محمدی‌فر Aim and Background: The present study was conducted to compare alexithymia, character and temperament, and aggression between addicts and healthy individuals. Methods and Materials: This causal-comparative research was conducted on 80 addicts and 80 healthy individuals. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling method and were matched. The research tools included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) (Cloninger et al.), and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ). Data were analyzed using MANOVA and ANOVA. Findings: There was a significant difference between addicts and healthy individuals in terms of alexithymia components (difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally-oriented thinking) and aggression components (physical aggression, verbal aggression, and anger and hostility). The scores of alexithymia and aggression components were higher in addicts compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, the scores of damage and novelty seeking components in the character and temperament variable were higher in addcits. The scores of the components of self-leadership, partnership, and persistence were lower in addicts in comparison with healthy individuals. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the components of remuneration, dependency, and self-transcendence. Conclusions: This study, in line with researches focused on investigating the underlying personality aspects involved in addiction, can be helpful in understanding the factors involved in this phenomenon and proposing suitable solutions for the prevention and treatment of addiction. Addiction Character and temperament Alexithymia Aggression 2017 2 01 455 463 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-499-en.pdf
135-500 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Couple Therapy on the Marital Quality of Conflicting Couples in Isfahan, Iran سحر خانجانی وشکی عبداله شفیع آبادی ولی‌اله فرزاد مریم فاتحی زاده Aim and Background: Marital quality of couples is the most important aspect of families with optimal performance. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) and couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the marital quality of conflicting couples. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experiment was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included all conflicting couples referring to consultation centers in the city of Isfahan, Iran, in 2016. The subjects (90 couples) were selected through voluntary sampling and were divided into CBCT (30 individuals), ACT (30 individuals), and control groups (30 individuals). The two experimental groups received 12 sessions of therapy (once a week). The data collection tools were a demographic characteristics form and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS). Data were analyzed using ANCOVA in SPSS software. Findings: CBCT and ACT made significant changes in marital quality at the posttest stage (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test implied that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of CBCT and ACT on the couples’ marital quality (P > 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of the study, both CBCT and ACT caused significant changes in marital quality and there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two therapeutic methods. Thus, the results of this study provide empirical support for increase in marital quality through both therapies. Cognitive-behavioral couple therapy Acceptance and commitment couple therapy Marital quality Conflicting couples 2017 2 01 464 471 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-500-en.pdf
135-501 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Relapse Prevention on Relapse Rate in Opioid Dependents: A Randomize Control Trial مهدی یعقوبی فاطمه زرگر حسین اکبری Aim and Background: The literature review shows that the rate of relapse is high in patients with substance use disorders, even after participating in related pharmacological treatments. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) on relapse rate in opioid dependents. Methods and Materials: This randomized controlled clinical trial was per&shy;formed in 2015 in Kashan, Iran. The population was opioid dependent patients referred to maintenance treatment centers in Kashan. Seventy patients were selected by convenient sampling and were randomly assigned in two groups (MBRP and control). The case group was trained MBRP in 8 sessions and control group received no intervention. Morphine was tested in both groups in pre-test and post-test and follow-up (one month after the post-test) to measure relapse rate. Data were analyzed using SPSS and t-tests for comparing the mean age between the two groups and chi-square test to compare the other demographic variables such as employment status, education level, history of abuse and marital status as well as relapse rate of the two groups. Findings: Significant differences were observed between intervention and control groups for relapse rate (P < 0.050). Conclusions: Mindfulness-based relapse prevention program can be an effective intervention on substance abuse and relapse prevention. Mindfulness Relapse Opioid dependency 2017 2 01 472 478 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-501-en.pdf
135-502 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 The Predictive Model of Eating Behaviour Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas, Personality Disorders, and Coping Styles حسن میرزاحسینی سوگند ارجمند هدی لاجوردی Aim and Background: This study aimed to investigate the role of early maladaptive schemas, personality disorders, and coping styles in predicting binge eating behavior. Methods and Materials: The study subjects included 150 students of Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University with body mass index (BMI) of higher than 25 kg/m2. They were selected through convenience sampling based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After explaining the purpose of the study, they were asked to fill out the questionnaires. The research tools included the Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory (YRAI), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3), Binge Eating Scale (BES), and Young Compensation Inventory (YCI). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation and simultaneous regression in SPSS. Findings: The abandonment/instability, emotional deprivation, dependence/incompetence, insufficient self-control, emotional inhibition, and defectiveness/shame schemas were able to explain 37.2% of variance in binge eating. In addition, avoidance and compensation coping styles explained 12.3% of variance in binge eating, and borderline, avoidant, and passive-aggressive personality disorders explained 18.5% of variance in binge eating. Conclusions: It seems that early maladaptive schemas areas of impaired autonomy, inhibition, and limits, especially disconnection and rejection, as well as coping styles, and borderline and passive-aggressive personality disorders have an important role in the pathology and treatment of binge eating disorder. Use of psychological interventions for the reduction of behaviors caused by the mentioned schemas and alterations in the coping style of overweight individuals may accelerate the healing process. Early maladaptive schemas Coping styles Personality disorders Binge eating disorder Obesity 2017 2 01 479 485 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-502-en.pdf
135-503 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 A Comparative Study of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Pharmacotherapy on Trichotillomania Symptoms Severity: A Single-Subject Research مریم حریری غلامرضا منشئی حمید طاهر نشاط دوست محمدرضا عابدی Aim and Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and pharmacotherapy on severity of trichotillomania (TTM) symptoms. Methods and Materials: The participants consisted of 8 women and 1 man of over 16 years of age with TTM. The subjects were chosen through convenience sampling and randomly divided into 3 groups of equal size (CBT, ACT, and pharmacotherapy groups). The present single-subject study was conducted using the A-B design. The baseline consisted of 3 sessions, and the intervention consisted of 10 weekly sessions of CBT and ACT once a week for 60 minutes and 10 pharmacotherapy sessions once every 2 weeks. One month after the intervention, the subjects participated in 3 follow-up sessions (once a month). Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HPS) was used to collect data. Findings: The findings of this study were analyzed based on visual analysis and descriptive statistical indicators. The results demonstrated that CBT and ACT were, respectively, more effective on the reduction of TTM symptoms severity and pharmacotherapy was the least effective. Conclusions: Considering the effectiveness of CBT and ACT on severity of TTM symptoms, the use of these therapies to reduce TTM symptoms is recommended. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Pharmacological Treatment Trichotillomania Single-Subject 2017 2 01 486 493 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-503-en.pdf
135-504 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 A Qualitative Study of Interactional Pathology among the spouses of Men with Morbid Jealousy from the Viewpoint of Clinical Family Specialists مرضیه سلطانی مریم فاتحی‌زاده سید احمد احمدی محمد رضا عابدی مهرداد صالحی رضوان السادات جزایری Aim and Background: An individual pathology observed in families is morbid jealousy. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the views of family therapy specialists about interactional damages in spouses of men with morbid jealousy. Methods and Materials: The present research was a qualitative (phenomenological) study. The search population consisted of all specialists in the field of psychological family therapy. The participants consisted of 8 specialists with experiences in psychological family therapy. Data were collected through semi-structural interviews. The gathered data were analyzed through systematic method in the three steps of description, reduction, and interpretation. Findings: The results showed that from among 489 sentences related to interactional damages, 122 concepts were extracted in open coding that were disaggregated into 23 subthemes in axial coding. Finally, data were summarized into 9 categories of pathologies related to solving conflicts, communication styles, sexual relationship, communication with children, and communication with the spouse regarding familial and household issues, and cognitive, behavioral, and emotional damages which were problematic to the relationship. Conclusions: It can be concluded that, from the viewpoint of family specialists, men with morbid jealousy cause damages in their families that increase the probability of family disintegration. Jealousy Phenomenology Interactive pathologies 2017 2 01 494 500 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-504-en.pdf
135-505 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 Domestic Violence and Suicidal Behavior: A Survey of Suicide Attempts among Women Hospitalized in the Toxicology Ward of Khorshid Hospital, Iran, in 2015 غلامرضا قاسمی نینا زراسوند آذین حمیداوی اصل Aim and Background: The phenomenon of suicide has attracted the attention of many researchers. However, not many Iranian researchers have focused on the role of domestic violence in suicidal behavior. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the frequency of suicide attempts and domestic abuse. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 246 married women who had attempted suicide and were hospitalized in the toxicology ward of Khorshid Hospital affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2015. The subjects were randomly selected and interviewed using the Hudson scale. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis in SPSS software. Findings: Among the variables associated with abuse, duration of abuse, history of physical violence, and the intensity of non-physical abuse had significant relationships with the number of suicide attempts. With each unit increase in standard deviation of physical abuse, the chance of suicide increased by 0.37%. This chance increased by 0.20% and 0.19%, respectively, in the case of non-physical violence and prolonged abuse. Conclusions: Without a doubt, domestic violence, depending on the duration and severity of abuse, increased the chance of suicide. Social and legal measures to prevent domestic abuse can reduce the risk of suicide. Spousal abuse Women Suicide Iran 2017 2 01 501 508 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-505-en.pdf
135-506 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Dermatoglyphic Patterns of Patients with Autism with Their First-Degree Relatives in Isfahan, Iran فرشته شکیبایی فتانه فرخ‌پور محمدرضا مرآثی Aim and Background: Autism is a complex disorder in social relations development and its etiology remains unknown. It is still not clear whether the cause is genetic (X-linked) or environmental. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of dermatoglyphic patterns in patients with autism and compare them with their first-degree relatives and controls. Methods and Materials: This case-control study was conducted on 150 patients with autism, 150 individuals in the control group, and 150 first-degree relatives of patients. After obtaining informed consents from the participants, the frequency distribution of fingerprint patterns (including loop, whorl, and arch), finger ridge count (FRC), and secondary creases (SC) were assessed in the three groups. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square tests in SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that the frequency of the loop pattern in the control group (3.79%) was twice that in the group of patients with autism (44%) (P < 0.001). Mean right and left hand FRC in the patients with autism was higher than the other two groups (patients and relatives), while the mean right and left hand SC in these patients was lower than the other two groups and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with autism had reduced loop pattern and increased FRC and reduced SC in both hands compared to the control group. These findings suggest that autism has a genetic background that is intensified by prenatal events and other environmental stressors. Therefore, these templates can be used to detect the percentage of infants born with autism, further measures can be taken for a definitive diagnosis, and treatment can be given from the beginning. Autism Dermatoglyphic Finger ridge count Secondary creases Genetics 2017 2 01 509 515 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-506-en.pdf
135-507 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences RBS 1735-2029 2008-8248 10.48305 2017 14 4 Effectiveness of Strategies of Excitement Process Management on the Impulsivity of Adolescent Girls with Oppositional Defiant Disorder: A Single Case Study مریم موحدی شهناز خالقی‌پور Aim and Background: Emotion regulation is a key factor in determination of health and successful performance in social interactions and its effect on exocrine dysfunction is of particular importance due to the flexible nature of adolescence and foundations of adult behavioral patterns. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of excitement process management strategies on the impulsivity of adolescent girls with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Methods and Materials: In the present study, 3 subjects were selected using purposive sampling method from among all 14-18 year old adolescents with ODD in schools of Najafabad (Isfahan, Iran). This study was implemented within the framework of a single-subject experimental design using stepwise multiple baseline design. After baseline, excitement process management strategies were presented to subjects based on Gross model during 8 individual intervention sessions. After one month, follow-up was conducted during 3 consecutive months. Using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), the subjects were assessed 11 times (4 times for baseline, 4 for intervention, and 3 for follow-up). The indexes of process changes, slope, and effect size, Cohen&#039;s coefficient, and interpretation of ups and downs were presented in SPSS software. Findings: The intervention reduced the subjects&#039; impulsiveness scores. Review of the effect coefficient size and the effectiveness charts indicates the remarkable and significant effect of intervention intensity for all three subjects in all studied variables. Conclusions: The results showed that excitement process management strategies are effective on the impulsivity of adolescent girls with ODD. Therefore, it has satisfactory practical implications in the treatment and prevention of ODD. Process emotion management Oppositional defiant disorder Impulsivity 2017 2 01 516 524 http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-507-en.pdf