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Aim and Background: Infertility may cause various forms of emotional and psychosocial problems, especially among women. Many studies have focused on the psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, and marital adjustment, in infertile women. However, very little research has been published concerning women&#039;s perception of infertility. This study aimed to investigate the irrational perception of parenthood in infertile women and its relation with demographic characteristics. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 137 infertile women were selected using convenience sampling from patients who referred to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center. Data was collected using questionnaires to assess demographic characteristics, quality of life, and irrational perception of parenthood. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Spearman&#039;s correlation, and Pearson&#039;s correlation in SPSS. Findings: The mean score of irrational perception of parenthood was 41.0 &plusmn; 10.3. There was an inverse correlation between irrational perception of parenthood and education, economical status, and quality of life of couples (P < 0.01). Psychological pressure exerted by relatives was also correlated with irrational perception of parenthood (P < 0.05). Conclusions: High levels of irrational perception of parenthood existed among infertile women. They believed they needed to have children in order to live a happy life. Counseling has to be directed toward changing the perceptions of these women. Moreover, educational programs for close relatives and insurance coverage for infertility treatment are recommended.

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  Aim & Backgrounds: Grief and bereavement causes to be compromised the health of people in various aspects. Many of bereaved persons are compromised depression symptoms and increasing the probability of death. The aim of this research was to study of effectiveness of time perspective therapy on depression and social well-being of bereaved women. Materials and Methods: The research method was experimental by design of pretest, posttest, and follow-up with un-equivalent control group. The statistical population of the research includes all bereaved women living in Babol, passing at least 12 months from their grief, still having symptoms of depression and grief. Among them 30 subjects through convenience sampling were selected. To collect the data Beck’s Depression and Keez’s Social Well-being Scales were used. The data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance. Findings: The obtained results showed that the time perspective therapy on decreasing of depression and increasing social well-being was effective. The results of the follow-up scores showed that the efficacy of that was constant, as well. Conclusion: Considering the findings it concluded that the time perspective therapy is an effective therapy on reducing depression and increasing social well-being of bereaved women.

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Aim and Background: Death anxiety plays an important role in panic disorder. Women with panic disorder experience higher death anxiety than other types of anxiety disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of death anxiety and the strategies to deal with that in women with panic disorder.

Methods and Materials: This study was conducted using the underlying theory approach. Date was collected by semi- structured interviews with 13 women with panic disorder. The data was analyzed using Strauss and Corbin methods, which included open, axial and selective coding.

Findings: Findings of the causes of death anxiety included 4 main categories: (related to oneself, related to others, nature of death, related to the Afterword) and also contains 7 initial concepts: (revealing human weakness, stopping of life, death of loved ones, destiny of loved ones, dying process, lack of there recognition of death and afterwards and the punishment for the sins). Their strategies of confronting included two main categories: (avoidance strategies, consolation strategies) plus that seven basic concepts are also engaged: (limiting relationships, avoiding situations related to death, considering God’s mercy, abandoning the idea of death, charity, promising positive ideas to oneself, staying in fear).

Conclusions: In addition to self- related factors, factors related to others, the unknown nature of death and the afterlife were involved in causing death anxiety in women with panic disorder. They use avoidant and repressive solutions that do not provide them with sufficient effectiveness.

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Aim and Background: Studies have shown that exercise affects the heart characteristics; therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of 12 weeks Resistance training on heart’s functional characteristics in elderly women.
Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental and the research design was pre-test, post-test, follow up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of elderly in Kermanshah Welfare Center. The sampling method was purposive and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria among 60-65 years old women. 27 persons were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Echocardiography was used to measure heart structure and function. Repeated measurement test was used to determine the effectiveness of exercise and Bonferroni test was used at the P≤0.05 level. All calculations were performed using SPSS 24 software.
Findings: The results showed that in all functional variables, the difference between pre-test and post-test was significant in the experimental group (p<.001). Due to the difference in the means, scores from pre-test to post-test increased. There was also a significant difference between the mean post-test and follow-up of the experimental group (p<0.001). Also in all functional variables, the difference between pre-test and post-test in control group was not significant (p= 1.000). Due to the difference in the means, pre-test to post-test scores did not change significantly. (p<.05).
Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that 12 weeks of resistance training had a significant effect on the functional parameters of the heart of elderly women.
Keywords: Resistance training, functional characteristics, Heart, Elderly women.

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Aim and Background: The present study aimed to effectiveness of life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence (MEST) on depression among divorced women.
Methods and Materials: The researcher used intervention method after special stages with qualitative evaluation to intervention method to be effective in the improvement of target group life quality and health, especially in reduction depression. In quantitative part, the present study was quasi-experimental in type with two groups and pretest and posttest and follow-up. The 30 of divorced women under the coverage of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee and Naein Welfare Organization were selected convenience and were assigned into groups randomly. Data collecting in qualitative part was based on reading articles, related texts and interview which has been used under the opinions of psychology department professors to compile the educational-medical package and integrate them with special reminiscence. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was study instrument in quantitative part. Educational-medical intervention method was based on 11 sessions in experiment group to influence on depression in experiment group. The data were analyzed by repeated ANOVA.
Findings: The results showed that the life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence was effective on depression (p<.05).
Conclusions: According to findings, the integrated intervention of life management and memory specificity training (MEST) can create a new lifestyle and change the cognitive-behavioral system, and so transform the subjects’ thoughts and behavioral patterns compared to their previous condition. Also, it creates an optimistic insight to the subjects’ present and future life that leads to the improvement of the most important divorce-related disorder i.e. depression. On the other hand, by providing the training of proper behavioral patterns for the target population members, this intervention can create a better condition for these people in the future.
 

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Aim and Background: The present study aimed to effectiveness of life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence (MEST) on depression among divorced women.
Methods and Materials: The researcher used intervention method after special stages with qualitative evaluation to intervention method to be effective in the improvement of target group life quality and health, especially in reduction depression. In quantitative part, the present study was quasi-experimental in type with two groups and pretest and posttest and follow-up. The 30 of divorced women under the coverage of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee and Naein Welfare Organization were selected convenience and were assigned into groups randomly. Data collecting in qualitative part was based on reading articles, related texts and interview which has been used under the opinions of psychology department professors to compile the educational-medical package and integrate them with special reminiscence. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was study instrument in quantitative part. Educational-medical intervention method was based on 11 sessions in experiment group to influence on depression in experiment group. The data were analyzed by repeated ANOVA.
Findings: The results showed that the life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence was effective on depression (p<.05).
Conclusions: According to findings, the integrated intervention of life management and memory specificity training (MEST) can create a new lifestyle and change the cognitive-behavioral system, and so transform the subjects’ thoughts and behavioral patterns compared to their previous condition. Also, it creates an optimistic insight to the subjects’ present and future life that leads to the improvement of the most important divorce-related disorder i.e. depression. On the other hand, by providing the training of proper behavioral patterns for the target population members, this intervention can create a better condition for these people in the future.
 

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Aim and Background: In terms of legal, divorce is the last stage of marriage, but in terms of psychology, it is the beginning of a new stage of marriage. Divorce is a phenomenon that can have significant negative consequences. One of the consequences of divorce is depression and anxiety caused by divorce, which is more common among women. The Instruction of Mindfulness based Cognitive Therapy is one of the applications for increasing the adjustment and reducing negative emotions such as depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Mindfulness based Cognitive Therapy on Anxiety and Depression of Divorce Women in Neyshabur.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up with control group design. The sample consisted of 24 divorced women in the city of Neyshabur that were randomly selected assigned into two experimental (12 people) and control groups (12 people). The experimental group received the Cognitive Based Mindfulness Therapy in 8 sessions. The control group was on the waiting list. The control group was on the waiting list. The research questionnaires were Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory.
Findings: The analysis of ANCOVA showed that the mean scores of depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly different between two groups (p <0.01) after the pre-test adjustment. The experimental group after receiving the Cognitive Based Mindfulness Therapy shows lower depression and anxiety symptoms. The results of the follow-up stage also show that the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has been stable over time.
Conclusions: Regarding the findings, it can be said that Cognitive Based Mindfulness Therapy reduces negative emotions such as depression and anxiety in divorced women by performing activities such as outbreaks and mourning, and prepare them to continue their life.

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Aim and Background: In the last decade, violence against women has been mentioned as one of the most serious social challenges. The painful phenomenon of violence against women in its various dimensions endangers the physical and mental health of women and violates their human rights. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotional therapy schema on hidden anger and self-expression of women victims of domestic violence.
Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of women victims of domestic violence referred to the health centers of Flowerjan city in the summer of 2023. The statistical sample consisted of 30 women who were selected by Targeted sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group underwent emotional schema therapy for ten 90-minute sessions and the control group remained on the waiting list.
 A number of 30 people were assigned to the experimental group and the control group (15 people in each group) by the Purposive sampling method and by random assignment. The experimental group received emotional schema therapy during 11 sessions. While the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected using the latent communicative anger questionnaire (Nelson and Carroll, 2006) and self-expression (Gambrill and Ritchie, 1970) and were analyzed using repeated measures variance analysis in SPSS software version 23.
Findings: The results showed that the emotional therapy scheme led to the reduction of hidden anger and improvement of self-expression in women victims of domestic violence, and the effects of the treatment remained in the follow-up phase as well (p<0.01).
Conclusions: Therefore, by using the findings of the present study, emotional schema therapy can be used to improve the hidden anger and self-expression of women victims of domestic violence.