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Aim and Background: In this systematic review, virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) was introduced and its effect on anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were studied. VRET has some advantages, compared to in vivo and imaginal exposure therapies, including greater safety and controllability. Thus, it has been introduced as a novel therapeutic method for the recovery and reconstruction of traumatic emotional experiences. Methods and Materials: Two databases of ScienceDirect and PubMed were searched for this review. As a result, 39 interventional studies in which VRET was applied for treating anxiety disorders and PTSD were retrieved. Findings: Results showed VRET had a positive effect on anxiety disorders, including specific and social phobia, panic disorder and agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder, in post-treatment assessments. Moreover, VRET had similar positive effects to that of current effective psychotherapies, including in vivo exposure therapy and cognitive behavior therapy. Results of the literature review indicated that VRET is effective in cognitive, behavioral, and physiological levels. Moreover, the positive effects of VRET often persist during long-term follow-ups. Conclusions: VRET can be a part of the treatment process of anxiety disorders and PTSD. Further studies in this respect are recommended.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) on reducing the symptoms of social avoidance and distress in people with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) . Materials and Methods: This was semi-experimental study was a pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of Semnan University in the academic year of 2017-2018. Among them, 20 Students were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned 10 subjects to the experimental group and 10 subjects to the control group. Students were screened for social anxiety disorder and diagnosis of other disorders from Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-4 (SCID-4) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). The experimental group received individual VRET for 12 sessions, 30 minutes each week. Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) was administered among the selected sample as pretest. VRET was performed in experimental group, and again, the questionnaires were administered among the participants as posttest. Findings: The results showed that VRET is effective in reducing social avoidance and distress symptoms in in people with SAD. Conclusion: The results showed the effectiveness of this therapeutic model on reducing the symptoms of social anxiety. This method can be used as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of SAD and other same disorders.

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Aim and Background: Burnout in couples is a gradual and rarely sudden process in which intimacy and love are gradually faded and general fatigue becomes evident. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy training on marital burnout in couple with marital conflicts.
Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow up 45 days. The statistical population of this study included all the couple with marital conflicts refer to counseling centers in Karaj city in year 2019-2020 and 14 couple with marital conflicts were considered as the sample size in one experimental groups (7 couple) and control (7 couple). The experimental groups underwent reality therapy training (12 sessions - 90 minutes), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data marital conflicts questionnaire (MCQ) of Barati and Sanaee (1994) and marital burnout questionnaire (MBQ) of Pines (2003). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni).
Findings: Results indicated that reality therapy training, significantly decreased marital burnout in couples, and the results have had enough consistency in the follow-up period, as well (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that reality therapy training can be used as an intervention option in decreasing marital problems.

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Aim and Background: Burning is one of the most painful medical injuries. Due to the painful treatment processes, the time of dressing changes and treatment processes perceive very long for patients. recently, emerging therapies such as virtual reality (VR) have been used to reduce duration of time. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of drug therapy and virtual reality on the time perception in burn patients of Imam Musa Kazem Center in Isfahan.
Methods and Materials This study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with a control group. For this purpose, from the statistical population of this study, which consisted of all eligible patients admitted to the burn ward of Imam Musa Kazem Center in Isfahan in 2019, 75 patients of the burn ward of Imam Musa Kazem Educational and Medical Center by sampling Available types were selected. Then, 45 patients were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental 1 (VR), experimental 2 (drug therapy) and a control group (15 people in each group). Subjects responded to the GRS scale before and after the interventions.
Findings The results showed that both virtual reality and pharmacotherapy had a significant effect on time perception of pain (p <0.05). Also, both virtual reality and pharmacotherapy had a significant effect on the perception of pain over time in patients with burns and in comparing the two treatments, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of virtual reality therapy and pharmacotherapy in reducing pain intensity (0.05 > p). The effects of both treatments were also stable over time.
Conclusions In addition to drug therapy, the use of emerging technologies such as virtual reality seems useful to reduce the damage caused by the treatment process in burn patients.

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Aim and Background: The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a combined treatment based on virtual reality and mindfulness on trait-state anxiety in individuals with panic disorder.
Methods and Materials: The research employed a semi-experimental design with two experimental and control groups, utilizing pre-test, post-test, and a 45-day follow-up. The target population included all individuals exhibiting symptoms of panic disorder seeking counseling and psychotherapy services in Tehran during the years 1401-1402. The sample size consisted of 30 individuals diagnosed with panic disorder, selected purposively, and randomly assigned to the experimental (15 individuals) and the control groups (15 individuals). The experimental group underwent eight sessions of combined virtual reality and mindfulness-based therapy. Both groups answered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire in three phases (pre-test, post-test, and 45-day follow-up). The research data were analyzed using SPSS23 statistical software, employing mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent and dependent t-tests for analysis.
Findings: The results showed that the average scores of trait and state anxiety in the experimental group at post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group had a significant decrease (p<0.001). This means that the combined treatment of virtual reality-based therapy and mindfulness has been effective in reducing trait-state anxiety in individuals with panic disorders.
Conclusions: Based on the results indicating the positive effect of the combined treatment of virtual reality-based therapy and mindfulness on trait-state anxiety in individuals with panic disorders, therapists can utilize the combination of virtual reality and mindfulness packages for treating individuals with panic disorders.

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Aim and Background: Eating disorders and obesity are serious health issues with poor treatment outcomes and high relapse rates despite established treatments. According to research evidence, virtual reality technology can improve the outcomes of current treatments and be used as an adjunct tool in their treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of virtual reality-based therapy for overweight individuals on trait-state anxiety and eating behavior in overweight individuals.
Methods and Materials: . The research design was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, control group, and follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all visitors to weight loss clinics in Isfahan from 2021 to 2022, and the research sample of 30 overweight individuals was selected purposefully from the mentioned population based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1970) and the Eating Behavior Inventory (Van Strien et al, 1986). Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance.
Findings: The results indicated that virtual reality-based therapy for overweight individuals was effective in reducing trait-state anxiety and improving eating behavior. Furthermore, the effects were sustained at the follow-up stage. (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that overweight individuals can interactively learn stress and anxiety management skills using virtual reality technologies and use these skills instead of uncontrollable eating behaviors in stressful situations