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Aim and Background: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral problem that causes hyperactivity, attention deficits, academic failure, and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool and elementary school. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of parent-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on overweight and self-esteem in 6- to 11-year-old obese children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in Isfahan City, Iran. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was done on 40 children aged 6 to 11 years with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and overweight or obesity (above the 85th percentile in weight for age, height, and sex diagram) referred to Isfahan child and adolescent psychiatric clinic of Ali Asghar hospital in 2015. For 20 subjects only attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder treatment was applied and they received no other intervention; but the others in experimental group participated in cognitive behavioral therapy sessions. Analysis tools were Coppersmith Self-Esteem Scale and the body mass index. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: Cognitive-behavioral therapy by teaching parents had a significant effect on overweight in obese children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder at post-test and follow-up. It had a significant effect on self-esteem among the obese children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at post-test, too (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Parents-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy can be considered as a complementary treatment for reducing psychological symptoms and body mass index and also increasing self-esteem in obese children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

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Aim and Background: Obesity in childhood, as a global and growing health problem, is the cause of many chronic diseases in adulthood, which is associated with several socio-psychological problems such as low self-confidence and social isolation. In order to improve the psychosomatic problems of obese children, this study aimed to investigate the effect of motivational interviewing on body mass index (BMI) and self-esteem in obese girls. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted with experimental and control groups. A pretest and a posttest were performed and the process was followed up for 3 months. The sample was comprised of twenty-four 10-12-year girl students who were obese with BMI more than 25 in 2015. They were selected through cluster-random sampling from a school in the first district of Isfahan city. The mothers of both groups were trained about the principles of healthy feeding in 4 sessions. Psychodrama intervention motivational interviewing was applied only in the experimental group during the six 2-hour sessions of group therapy. The data collection tools consisted of the BMI and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). The data were analyzed via analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: The effects of motivational interviewing in BMI and self-esteem of the experimental group were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The therapeutic intervention of motivational interviewing would be helpful in order to reduce the weight of obese children and to increase their self-esteem.

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Aim and Background: In recent years, the prevalence of psychological distress, especially anxiety and depression has led many researchers to study and determine variables associated with it. These variables can include perfectionism, self-esteem, and coping styles. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism, coping style, and self-esteem with psychological distress in students. Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive correlational. The sample group included 804 of students in universities of Kerman City, Iran, selected using cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Mental Health Inventory-28 (MHI-28), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (CISS), Rosenberg self-esteem Scale (RSES), and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS). Data analysis was performed via SPSS software using Pearson correlation coefficient, and simultaneous regression analysis. Findings: The perfectionism and the emotion-oriented coping style positively predicted psychological distress, whereas problem-oriented coping style and self-esteem negatively predicted psychological distress. But, avoiding coping style was not a significant predictor of psychological distress. Conclusions: Perfectionism, the emotion-oriented coping style, and low self-esteem result in psychological distress. By employing positive coping styles, high self-esteem, and decreased perfectionism could prevent psychological distress.

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Aim and Background: Positive cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a new approach in psychotherapy that combines cognitive behavioral therapy with positive psychology and solution-focused therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive cognitive behavioral therapy on resilience and self-esteem among the adolescents with depression signs. Methods and Materials: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest/posttests design, and with control group. Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered among the students in first grade of 5 randomly-selected high schools. Among the students who had scores upper than cut-off point of depression, and with consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 34 students were selected, and randomly divided into two equal groups of control and experimental. Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC), and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) were administered among the selected sample as pretest. Positive cognitive behavioral therapy was performed in experimental group, and again, the questionnaires were administered among the participants as posttest. Findings: Positive cognitive behavioral therapy significantly increased students’ scores of resilience and self-esteem in experimental group compared to control group. Conclusions: It seems that positive cognitive behavioral therapy can be applied as an effective approach for enhancing positive function components in adolescents with depression signs; further researches on this topic are recommended.

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Aim and Background: The pain caused by joint damage and the unpredictable period of hemophilic disease causes problems in various aspects of the life of patients, including self-esteem and life satisfaction. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the effect of educational package based on job success on self-esteem and life satisfaction in hemophilic patients.

Methods and Materials: This is a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group and follow-up period. In order to carry out the research, from 600 hemophiliac patients in Isfahan city in 2017, 40 patients were selected based on criteria of entry and exit and assigned them randomly in two groups of experimental and control group. Two questionnaires of State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were used to measure the variables of the research in the pretest, post-test and follow-up phases. The experimental group received 11 sessions of 2 hours under the educational package based on job success for hemophilic patients and the control group did not receive any training. Finally, the number of samples was reduced to two groups of 16 people, considering the drop and the criteria for leaving the study. The data were analyzed with the use of repeated measure ANOVA.

Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in self-esteem and life satisfaction in the post-test and follow-up evaluation (p<0.05).

Conclusions: It is possible to use a training package to improve occupational success in order to improve self-esteem and life satisfaction in hemophilic patients.

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Aim and Background: The authors conducted a quasi-experimental study to compare the effectiveness of GOSP and Triple P on self-esteem, self-efficacy and self-control of children.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population was students aged 8 to 11 who were studying in schools of 15th district of Tehran that had parents with high stress.30 mothers after screening process were randomly replaced in three experimental and control groups (10 people each). The subjects in the experimental groups were trained in (GOSP) (12 sessions), and Triple p (10 sessions according to the Saunders protocol, 1992) 120 minutes, weekly, and the control group did not receive any training. After the training course, post-test was performed for all three groups of students. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess data.
Findings: Results revealed that the mean scores of students in the group (GOSP) in self-esteem and self-control were significantly higher than Triple p and the control group. The scores of emotional self-efficacy of GOSP were significantly higher than the control group, while there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups. Self-esteem and self-control of children had no significant difference in two groups of positive parenting and the control group. The mean scores of self-efficacy were not significantly different in experimental groups (GOSP and triple p). Regarding social self-efficacy, no significant difference was observed between the three experimental and control groups.
Conclusions: These results suggest that the combination of God oriented spirituality perspective with considering the developmental characteristics of children, increases the effectiveness of parenting trainings on children.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy (ACT-CBT) on changing attitudes and self-esteem.
Materials and Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design and a control and follow-up group. The statistical population of this research included all self-identified addicts of Dezful addiction treatment centers. First, a Dezful addiction treatment center was selected. Then, a sample of 30 people was selected using the available sampling method and they were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was subjected to combined acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy during 10 sessions. The control group did not receive any treatment during this period. To collect data, the attitude towards addiction and theoretical drugs questionnaire (1378) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) were completed by the participants in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. To analyze the data in this research, univariate covariance analysis was used in SPSS-20 software. The significance level of all tests was considered less than 0.05.
Findings: Combined acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy had a significant effect on changing the attitude and self-esteem of self-reported addicts in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results showed that this treatment is an effective strategy for changing the attitude and self-esteem of self-identified addicts and it can be used as an effective treatment method.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that teaching creativity and learning strategies promotes optimism and adaptive performance in procrastinating female students.