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Showing 11 results for Schizophrenia

سيدغفور موسـوي, مـريم رضـايي, آبتـين حيـدرزاده, اميرهوشـنگ زرگـرزاده, مهرانگيز صديقين,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (12-2006)
Abstract

Background and Aim : Schizophrenia is a chronic disabling disorder which puts heavy burdens on societies. Available treatment methods are mostly effective on positive symptoms of the disorder. Estrogen has been focused to be studied as a potential therapeutic agent in schizophrenia according to findings such as a)a later onset of the disorder in women, b) a relative subside of symptoms during pregnancy, c) a better prognosis of the disorder in women and d) variations of symptoms along with variations of menstrual hormonal phases. As the available evidence is not conclusive, this study aimed at further investigating the efficacy of estrogen in reducing positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Method & Materials : In a Randomized Clinical Trial, we enrolled two 20-person matched groups of female patients with schizophrenia aged between15 to 45 years old. For the patients of the first group thiothixene 15 mg/day and estrogen 0.625 mg/day were administered while for those of the second (control) group thiothixen 15mg/ day and placebo were prescribed. Symptoms of schizophrenia were assessed before intervention and then at the end of the 4th & the 8th weeks by the scale of Positive & Negative Schizophrenia Symptoms (PANSS). Results were analyzed through SPSS-10 using T- tests. Findings : There were significant differences between the two groups in the domains of poor communication (P = 0.04) and stereotypic thoughts (P = 0.04) after the 4th & in the hostility domain after the 8th weeks of intervention. We did not find such a difference in other symptom domains. Conclusion : Combined with neuroleptics, estorgen may be considered as an adjuvant therapeutic factor in the treatment of schizophrenia. Further investigation is strictly required to assess its harms versus benefits in the long term. Keywords : Schizophrenia, Negative symptoms, Positive symptoms, Estrogen , Thiothixene.
ويکتوريا عمراني‌فرد, حميد افشار, طيبه محرابي, قربانعلي اسداللهي,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (8-2007)
Abstract

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder which results in severe impairments in job, education and family relationships. We compared different domains of Quality Of Life (QOL) in schizophrenic patients with those in healthy persons.  Methods and Materials: In a descriptive analytic study, a total number of 160 participants, including 80 schizophrenic patients (case group) and 80 healthy persons (control group) were studied. They were 15 to 45 years old. In order to get them matched regarding the psycho-socio-cultural status, we selected the control group participants from the patients' family members. We also matched the two groups for age, marital status and educational level. Patients’ were in the remission phase and 2 years or more had passed from the onset of their psychiatric disorder. We applied Hawthorne & Richardson QOL questionnaire for assessing QOL. Data were analyzed using T student test by SPSS-software.  Findings: Each group contained 48 men and 32 women. A number of 39 participants were married and the others were single, divorced or widowed. Mean age of the patient group (38.2±4.3 years) was not significantly different from the control one (40.5±3.1 years). Mean score of QOL was 33.9±4.75 in the case group and 54.6±1.12 in the control one, which indicates a significant difference. The case and the control groups’ scores for different domains of QOL were respectively as follows: (the domain of) disease (4.5±15 vs. 10.8±0.98), independent life (8.10±1.14 vs. 10.9±0.83), social relations (6.4±1.97 vs. 11±0.77), bodily sensations (8.7±1.49 vs. 10.90±0.70), and psychiatric rehabilitation (6.2±1.89 vs. 11±0.9). The mean score of each domain showed a significant difference between the two groups. Discussion: Schizophrenic patients were found to have a lower QOL than healthy individuals. This was true in all of the QOL domains. The patients’ lowest score was in the disease domain and their highest score was in the bodily sensation domain. This can be considered in determining priorities for pharmaceutical, psycho-logical and social interventions. 
عليرضا مظهري, حميدرضا ميرزائيان, پريسا بهزادي, محسن سلجوقي, محمدرضا شفيعي,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (2-2011)
Abstract

Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders and 25% of the patients need long term hospitalization. They have somatic illness that may be ignored and lead to death. Considering the lack of information regarding the causes of death in schizophrenic patients, the aim of this study was to determine the main causes of death in the long term hospitalized schizophrenic patients in Shahid Modares psychiatric hospital in Isfahan. In this descriptive study the causes of death were determined in 252 hospitalized schizophrenic cases by reviewing their hospital and medical reports after death. Patients with known organic disorders were excluded.X 2 test was used for analyzing obtained data and relation between mortality and sex or age. The crude mortality rate was 3.27 %( 4.16% in females and 1.9% in males (P > 0.05). The most common causes of death were; sudden death (44%), aspiration (14.7%), infection disease (8.9%), falling (5.9%) and myocardial infarction (5.88%) respectively. The findings of current study were different from other studies in this field. By using proper care centers and planning for the education of Staff, we can reduce the rate of mortality in long term hospitalized patient.  
زهرا جان نثاري, ويکتوريا عمراني فرد, محمد رضا مرآثي, ساناز سلطاني,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2011)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disease that has an important effect on patients&rsquo; quality of life and their function. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of compliance therapy on Quality of life and global function of schizophrenic patient. Methods and Materials: In this randomized controlled trial 76 remission patients with schizophrenia were recruited in Noor hospital between 2008_2009. The patients were randomly allocated into the compliance therapy intervention group and the controls with the equal sample size of 38 participants. First group was on compliance therapy every 15 days (8 sessions), then monthly and 2 nd group was on usual treatment. Quality of life and global function of studied patients were assessed using a questionnaire at the beginning of study, 3 mounts, and 6 mounts after the intervention. ANOVA repeated measure was conducted to analyses the data. Findings: The means score of both global function and QOL were significantly higher in the intervention group in comparison with the controls. The mean score of quality of life was 101.2 &plusmn; 17.2 and 44.8 &plusmn; 15.6 in the intervention and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The Mean score of global function in the intervention group and control groups was 72.4 &plusmn; 11.4% and 44.3 &plusmn; 13%, respectively, 6 th months after intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Compliance therapy had proper effect on the quality of life and global function of schizophrenic patients and it seems that such interventions including mental training and longer follow-up is necessary for these patients.
نجمه راستي كردار, سيد محمدرضا تقوي, محمد علي گودرزي, جواد ملازاده,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Cognitivists have recently paid extensive attention to source monitoring deficit as an impairment in schizophrenic patients and is used in clarification of major symptoms including hallucination and delusion. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the effects of source monitoring ability in auditory hallucination. Methods and Materials: This causal-comparative study used availability sampling to select 40 schizophrenic patients and 21 individuals with major depression among those referred to or hospitalized in four psychiatric hospitals in Shiraz during June 2008-May 2009. Nineteen healthy individuals were used as the control group. After conducting supplementary interviews, they were tested using a source-monitoring task designed by the corresponding author. The data were statistically analyzed using signal detection theory (SDT). Response-sensitivity and response-bias scores were determined for each subject. The results have been explained in the light of the Fernyhogh&rsquo;s re-expansion model (2004) and show the deficit in interactional relationship between source monitoring and inner speech. Findings: Schizophrenic patients with current auditory hallucination scored the lowest in the visual sensitivity part of the source monitoring task which was not attributable to the response-bias and antipsychotic medication. Conclusions: Our results confirmed the hypotheses stated in Fernyhough&#039;s re-expansion model about the mechanism of auditory hallucination.
هاجر براتيان, مجيد برکتين, حسين مولوي, نوشين موسوي مدني, الهام فروزنده,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (1-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Schizophrenia, as one of the major psychiatric disorders, usually results in decreased quality of life and level of functioning. This study aimed to follow-up the course, severity, and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Methods and Materials: This study was 6 months follow-up on 20 patients with schizophrenia who were admitted to Noor Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Each patient was evaluated on admission day, discharge, three and six months after discharge. The severity of symptoms and life quality were measured by Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale and quality of life questionnaire. Findings: Mean scores of severity on the admission day was significantly more than discharge and three and six months after discharge (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between discharge and three and six months after discharge regarding severity of symptoms. Mean scores of quality of life were significantly greater at the time of discharge than three and six months after that (P = 0.03). There were no significant differences observed between discharge time and six month after it, and also between the third and sixth months after discharge. Conclusions: It can be acknowledged that hospitalization of patients can be effective in decreasing the symptom severity and increasing quality of life.
ليلا زراعتکار, محمود نجفي, پروين رفيعي نيا,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (11-2013)
Abstract

Abstract Aim and Background: Theory of mind is the ability to attribute one&rsquo;s own or others mental states which has an important role in social and behavioral performances. The purpose of the present study was compare theory of mind in patients with schizophrenia and major depression with normal individuals. Methods and Materials: The present research was a causal- comparative study. The subjects include 25 patients with schizophrenia who are members of bojnurd&rsquo;s home visit centers or camps of chronic psychiatric patients, 27 patients with major depression who attend bojnurd&rsquo;s psychiatric clinics, and 30 normal employees of ashna dairy-product company of the city of bojnurd. They were selected by convenience sampling method and were studid in the period November to January 2012. Subjects were tested by SCID-I, revised form of WAIS-R, and reading the mind in Baron-Cohen eyes tests. Findings: The results from one-way ANCOVA analyses indicated that there is a meaningful difference in theory of mind among patients with schizophrenia, patients with major depression and normal individuals (P >0.001). Conclusions: The theory of mind deficit was found in patients with schizophrenia and major depression compared to normal ones. The deficit is more intensive in patients with schizophrenia rather than the ones with major depression. Also, results indicate that IQ is not an appropriate variable to explain the theory of mind deficit in patients with schizophrenia and major depression.
مجيد برکتين, خزر گرجاني, غلامحسين احمد زاده, محمدرضا مرآثي,
Volume 11, Issue 6 (2-2014)
Abstract

Abstract Aim and Background: Applying evidence-based treatment guidelines to improve the quality of care for patients with schizophrenia has been increased worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the adherence of clinicians to the guideline for patients with schizophrenia who were admitted to a university hospital in their first episode of disease. Methods and Materials: In a descriptive study, treatments of all patients who were admitted to Nour hospital between 2005 to 2010 and diagnosed with schizophrenia in the first episode gathered. The implemented treatments compared with the American Psychiatric Association guideline for treatment of schizophrenia. Findings: Of total 113 patients with mean age of 28.91&plusmn;8.79, 38 patients (33.6 percent) have been taken the adequate first line medications based on the APA guideline. In the all stages of the treatment, 45.24 percent of the patients have been taken medications with adherence to the guideline. Types of the drugs and duration of treatment in each stage were adhered to the guideline in 79.6 percent and 87.74 percent of the patients respectively. Conclusions: Adherence to the approved guideline was not acceptable. The most important finding was selection of the type of drug in the first stage, which was not compatible with the guideline. The high rate of polypharmacy was suggested the second fault of the treatment in this population.
رسول سليمانی نجف‌آبادی, مریم قادری, کوروش نامداری, امیر دهستانی,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (10-2017)
Abstract

Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between defense mechanisms with the formal elements of art therapy. Methods and Materials: Descriptive-correlational research method was used in this study. The studied population consisted of all patients referred to Modares Martyr Psychiatric Hospital of Isfahan and Mental Ills Center of Parasto, Iran. Among attendees, 60 individuals including 30 patients with bipolar disorder (14 men and 16 women) and 30 patients with schizophrenia disorder (13 men and 17 women) were selected with available sampling method. Defense styles questionnaire (DSQ), the person picking an apple from a tree (PPAT) painting test and formal elements art therapy scale (FEATS) were used in this study. Pearson correlation, Student's independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data using SPSS software. Findings: There was a significant positive correlation between defense mechanisms of humor, sublimation, suppression, undoing, reaction formation and rationalization with formal elements of integration, developmental level, line quality, logic, rotation, details of object and environment, and color fit. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between defense mechanisms of projection, acting out, isolation, denial, displacement, and somatization with formal elements of integration, realism, problem-solving, developmental level, details of object and environment, line quality, prominence of color and logic. On the other hand, tow patients groups of bipolar and schizophrenia disorders were different in all of the FEATS with the exception of the rotation element. In addition, sex difference was observed in three elements of integration, developmental level, and line quality. Conclusions: FEATS is able to identify the patients' defense mechanisms. Also, it seems that this measure is able to screen and diagnose the mental disorders.
Saharsadat Sayedmousavipaske, Ali Fathiashtiani, Emad Ashrafi,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (7-2020)
Abstract

Aim and Background: The burden of caring for the mentally ill is effective as an important factor in maintaining the patient in the community. There is no specific measurement tool for assessing and measuring this issue in schizophrenic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Schizophrenia Caregivers Questionnaire.
Methods and Materials: The design of the present study was descriptive-correlational. About 147 caregivers of schizophrenia patients admitted to Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital and the Family Support Organization of Schizophrenia patients in Tehran were selected as a sample. Three questionnaires of schizophrenia caregivers, quality of life questionnaire and positive and negative symptoms questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, correlation coefficient and heuristic factor analysis.
Findings: In exploratory factor analysis, six factors (caregiver ability, interpersonal relationships, independence, social status, caregiver concern and caregiver fatigue) were extracted. In total, these six factors were able to explain 70.7% of the variance of the 32 questions of this questionnaire. The internal consistency of the subscales was also obtained with Cronbach's alpha in the desired range. The Varimax rotating matrix showed that all questions were usable.
Conclusions: The results of statistical analysis show that the schizophrenia patient care burden questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool (with a validity coefficient of 0.67) in the Iranian population.
Mina Sadat Mirshojae, Behnaz Behnam, Mohsen Ghanooni, Sajad Sabaghi, Fatemeh Hoseinpour,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Theater therapy is one of the effective treatment methods in teaching communication skills. Due to the lack of verbal and non-verbal skills, as a result of affecting the quality of life of people with schizophrenia, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of theater therapy on cognitive regulation and quality of life in these people.
Methods and Materials: This study was a clinical trial and pretest-posttest and control group. Samples were randomly selected among patients who referred to Atieh neurology and psychiatry occupational therapy center and were divided into control and experimental groups. Theatrical therapy was performed in groups for 1-hour 8 sessions program. The cognitive excitement regulation questionnaires and quality of life questionnaires were administered to collect the data.
Findings: The study included 20 people with schizophrenia, including 6 women and 14 men each person was randomly divided into two groups of treatment and control (10 treatment group including 5 women and 5 men, control group 1 woman and 9 men). The mean age of the participants in the treatment group was 41.80±8.36 and the control group was 45.20±7.78. Data analysis showed that the differences in none of these subscales of quality of life and cognitive regulation questionnaires were significant.
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the treatment of theater therapy in this group of patients does not have much effect on quality of life and cognitive regulation, but this method can be supplemented to change behavior, reduce depressive symptoms using various methods such as self-presentation, deviated from the role and predicted future, which leads them to talk and play with others, used.

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