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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Aim and Background: Divorce and conflict processes are overlapped. Then, couples do attempt to divorce based on experiencing the conflict levels. Hope and forgiveness interventions are aimed at reinforcing marriage and reducing divorce rates. This study aimed at examining the impact of hope-focused, forgiveness-oriented marital counseling and the mixed one on decreasing interpersonal cognitive distortions of applicant couples to divorce in Isfahan, Iran. Method and Materials: It was a semi-experimental and double-bind design with pre- and post-tests and control group. Statistical population was 440 couples referred to Divorce Crisis Intervention Center (DCIC). The sample size was 60 divorcing couples. They were replaced randomly in four groups: hope-focused group, forgiveness-oriented group, mixed group, and control group. Couples as a unit were studied and analyzed. The research tool was Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (ICDS) which reliability with 3-items deleted was estimated 0.87, using Cronbach's alpha. The data was analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-wallis and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney's U tests. Findings: In general, hope and mixed interventions reported meaningful effects on total decrease of couples' interpersonal unrealistic expectations and interpersonal cognitive distortions in comparison of control group. All three interventions showed meaningful decrease in all three subscales of ICDS in comparison of their scores in pre-test scores as well. Conclusions: It is suggested to apply hope and combination of hope and forgiveness interventions to decrease couples' interpersonal cognitive distortions. In order to determining appropriate interventions, it's so important to rate levels of marital conflicts in which couples are.

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Abstract Aim and Background: &nbsp;This study investigated the relationships between sexual assertiveness as showing a strong and confident personality in sexual relation and marital conflicts between couples. &nbsp; Methods and Materials: &nbsp;During a correlational study a random sample of married women, (N=225) who were living in Zarrin Shahr (Isfahan province) in 1393 were selected. They answered Hulbert sexual assertiveness and Bagher Sanai Marital Conflict questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis with SPSS 19 conducted. Findings: &nbsp;Analysing the data &nbsp; showed that there is a significant negative correlation - 0/203 between sexual assertiveness and marital conflict (P<0.05). The correlation between sexual assertiveness and decreasing sexual relations -0.131, increased exciting reactions -0.149, separating financial affairs -0/188, and reducing effective relations -0.249 was significant. (P<0.05). The strongest relation was observed between sexual assertiveness and reducing effective relations. &nbsp; Conclusions: &nbsp;our findings suggest that with decreasing sexual assertiveness, marital conflict for our participant increases. Further quantitative studies with greater sample size and qualitative researches in Iranian cities with more conservative sexual norms are warranted to evaluate the relationship between these two variables. We believe that development of courses of sex education and assertiveness based on Iranian Islamic norms will be useful for improvement of women&#039;s sexual assertiveness and decreasing marital conflict in their families.

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Aim and Background: Rumination can cause various kinds of damage to which women are more vulnerable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting rumination among women having marital conflicts. Methods and Materials: This was a qualitative study in which a thematic analysis was carried out. The nonrandom purposive sampling method was used, and the research sample saturated upon selecting 15 women having marital conflicts. The semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. Findings: After the content analysis, the resultant data included three themes and 14 subthemes. The themes were stressors (sexual problems, financial and occupational issues, unfulfilled expectations, frustration, personality differences, value differences, and familial differences), personal characteristics (neuroticism, lack of communication skills, and low self-confidence), and spousal characteristics (dominance, unaccountability, harsh characteristics, and imperviousness). Conclusions: According to the findings, stressors trigger rumination. However, when they interfere with spousal characteristics and personal rumination characteristics, marital conflicts will lose solvability and result in rumination. On the one hand, it increases stress. Besides, it increases marital conflicts, and forms this self-sustaining cycle.

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Aim and Background: One of the common problems in the couple's relationship is marital conflict that can lead to depression, addiction, and spousal abuse, verbal or physical conflict between married couples. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of an integrated approach of schema therapy based Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on reduction of marital conflicts and divorce tendency in divorce applicant couples.
Methods and Materials: This study was quasi experimental with pretest, posttest and control group. The data statistical population includes all of divorce applicant couples to intervention crisis center of Mashhad in winter 2019. The sample include 30 couples (15 couples in group control and 15 couples in experimental group) were voluntary selected by convenience sampling with replacement. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 90 minutes educated by Schema therapy based Acceptance and commitment therapy protocol and control group was not under any intervention. Both groups were requested to answer marital conflict and divorce tendency questionnaire. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA covariance analysis and SPSS software.
Findings: The results showed that the schema therapy based acceptance and commitment therapy led to significant differences in the post test of the experimental group and the comparison of the meanings showed an decrease marital conflicts (ƞ 2 =0.52, p= 0.001, F= 67.03) and divorce tendency (ƞ 2 =0.54, p= 0.001, F= 66.18) in the experimental group (P<.01).
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate the beneficial effects schema therapy based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on marital conflicts and divorce tendency in divorce applicant couples.Counselors and family therapists can use this effective integrated approach to slove marital conflicts and help people to improve their marital relationships.

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Aim and Background: Considering importance of marriage and growing statistics of divorce, methods to decrease marital conflicts and increase marital satisfaction hold great importance. Purpose of this study is to assess the usage of compassion focused therapy on marital conflict in women applying for divorce.
Methods and Materials: Method used in this study is semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. Statistical population constitutes women with marital conflicts, applying for divorce that came to Isfahan city consulting centers in year 2020. This study sample constitutes of 30 women that were chosen with convenience sampling method then put randomly in two groups, 15 women in experiment group and 15 women in control group. All participants filled marital conflict questionnaire Sanaei (MCQ) in pre-test, then experiment group went through 12 sessions (each 90 minutes) of compassion focused therapy package (Gilbert, 2014). Meanwhile control group did not face any intervention. In the end both groups were evaluated again. Data of the study were analyzed with single variant covariance analyze test.
Findings: Analyzing data show that, compassion focused therapy is significantly effective in decreasing marital conflicts and its sub-scales (reduction in cooperation and sexual relationship, increasing emotional reactions, increase in attracting children support, increasing personal relationship with relatives and separating financial matters from others) in experiment group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Considering results of this study it can be said that compassion focused therapy can be effective in decreasing marital conflicts in women applying for divorce, therefore it can be used as a method to decrease divorce.

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Aim and Background: The educational intervention program for spouses refers to another intervention that prevents people and their relationships from the common vices of married life by reducing the number of destructive relationships and strengthening constructive behaviors. Educational interventions are usually aimed at protecting spouses from risk factors, such as destructive relationship patterns and irrational beliefs, and building supportive relationship factors, such as positive attitudes and marital intimacy.
Methods and Materials: In this research, the researcher has used a quantitative method. For this purpose, 20 couples were selected to implement the protocol. The research method at this stage will be a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The selected subjects in both experimental and control groups were measured by pre-test. The required data collection tool was through a questionnaire and the results were analyzed by the variance of repeated measurements. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was used to test the normality of the distribution of scores related to several studies, and pairwise comparisons were also tested using the Bonferroni test.
Findings: The researcher investigated her research in the form of three hypotheses, and the results showed that the educational package has a positive and significant effect on emotional intimacy, marital compatibility, and reducing marital conflicts and the results were smaller than 0.005.
Conclusions: The hypotheses of the research were confirmed and it can be said that the educational package of sustainable life based on the lived experience of couples with experience of divorce is effective on emotional intimacy and this effect has been lasting. Also, the results showed that the training package increased marital compatibility in the experimental group compared to the control group and also decreased marital conflicts.

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Aim and Background: This study compares emotion-oriented schema therapy and transactional analysis's effectiveness in addressing marital conflict communication beliefs, aiming to improve effectiveness and reduce recovery time.
Methods and Materials: The research method is semi-experimental, with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up stage. The statistical population of this research consisted of all couples who referred to Abadan counseling centers and Abadan judicial service offices in 2022. The statistical sample consisted of 30 couples who were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group based on the criteria for entering the research. The research tool was Eidelson and Epstein (1982) Communication Beliefs Questionnaire. Research protocols included emotional schema therapy written by Leahy, Tirch and Napolitano (2011) and interactional behavior analysis by Eric Byrne (2011). Multivariate covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test were performed using SPSS version 26 statistical software at a significance level of 0.05 for data analysis.
Findings: The findings show that in the groups of emotion-oriented schema therapy and transactional analysis, there is a significant difference in all variable components of communication beliefs in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up phases (p≤0.05), but There is no significant difference in between the post-test and follow-up (p≥0.05). Also, there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups in the post-tests and follow-up group comparison (p≥0.05); But there is a significant difference between the control group and the two experimental groups (p<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the results of the research, it can be said that both treatments are effective on the variable of communication beliefs and its components in couples with marital conflict.