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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Aim and Background: Divorce and conflict processes are overlapped. Then, couples do attempt to divorce based on experiencing the conflict levels. Hope and forgiveness interventions are aimed at reinforcing marriage and reducing divorce rates. This study aimed at examining the impact of hope-focused, forgiveness-oriented marital counseling and the mixed one on decreasing interpersonal cognitive distortions of applicant couples to divorce in Isfahan, Iran. Method and Materials: It was a semi-experimental and double-bind design with pre- and post-tests and control group. Statistical population was 440 couples referred to Divorce Crisis Intervention Center (DCIC). The sample size was 60 divorcing couples. They were replaced randomly in four groups: hope-focused group, forgiveness-oriented group, mixed group, and control group. Couples as a unit were studied and analyzed. The research tool was Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (ICDS) which reliability with 3-items deleted was estimated 0.87, using Cronbach's alpha. The data was analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-wallis and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney's U tests. Findings: In general, hope and mixed interventions reported meaningful effects on total decrease of couples' interpersonal unrealistic expectations and interpersonal cognitive distortions in comparison of control group. All three interventions showed meaningful decrease in all three subscales of ICDS in comparison of their scores in pre-test scores as well. Conclusions: It is suggested to apply hope and combination of hope and forgiveness interventions to decrease couples' interpersonal cognitive distortions. In order to determining appropriate interventions, it's so important to rate levels of marital conflicts in which couples are.

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Aim and Background: The aim of the present study was to investigatethe psychometric properties of the Trait Hope Scale and its relation with psychological well-being of Iranian university students. Methods and Materials: In this descriptivesurvey, 191 students of Hamadan Islamic Azad University (mean age: 24.17 &plusmn; 4.30 years; range: 18-45 years) were selected through stratified randomsampling.The participants completed Snyder&#039;s Trait Hope Scaleand State Hope Scale, Riff&#039;s Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Inventory. Data was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach&#039;s alpha and split-half methods via SPSS 16 and LISREL 8.5 . Findings: Cronbach&#039;s alpha (0.83), split-half coefficient (0.80), divergent validity (with Beck Hopelessness Scale,-0.20), and criterion validity (with Snyder State Hope Scale, 0.55) were significant (P < 0.01). Exploratory factor analysis showed that the 12-item Hope Scale for adults had one latent factor thatexplained 47% of the scale variance. Firstorder confirmatory factor analysis indicated that 8items of the scalehad high factor loadings on one latent factor.Univariate model appropriately fitted with the data (adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.91, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, normed fit index = 0.98). In addition, there was a significant relation between trait hope and psychological well-being (r = 0.25; P < 0.01). Conclusions: The Trait Hope Scale has high reliability and validity and thus can be usedinfuture research.

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Abstract &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Aim and Background: This study was aimed to determine the relationship between positive psychological variables (hope and spirituality) psychopathology (depression, stress, anxiety) and quality of life in hemodialysis patients in Isfahan&#039;s Ali Asghar Hospitals. Methods and Materials: This study was a descriptive one, and its population was all Hemodialysis patients in Ali Asghar Hospital. The participants in this study were 96 Hemodialysis patients. They were selected by a simple random sampling method. The survey tools included demographic questions, (SF-36) quality of life, life expectancy, (DASS) depression, stress, anxiety and spirituality questionnaire. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data and for hypothesis testing the Pearson correlation and simultaneous regression analysis were used. Findings: There was a significant relationship between positive psychological variables (hope and spirituality) and psychopathology (depression, stress, anxiety) with quality of life in hemodialysis patients. In other words, participants with higher scores on (spirituality and hope) had a better quality of life, and those who higher score on DASS had a lower quality of life (p<0.05). These finding indicated that: There was a significant relationship between quality of life and spirituality in hemodialysis patients (p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between quality of life and hope in hemodialysis patients (p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between quality of life and (stress, depression and anxiety) in hemodialysis patients (p<0.001). Conclusions: These finding indicated that quality of life in Hemodialysis patients can be predicted by hope and (stress, depression, anxiety) &nbsp;

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Abstract Aim and Background: This study aims to predict self-care behavior based on the characteristics of Hardiness , hope and dysfunctional attitudes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Materials: Study design was a descriptive correlation method. The target population was all patients with diabetes type 2 who referred to Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Centers. The sample consisted of 120 patients. The multi-stage cluster sampling was used for the sample selection . The instrument employed in this research was Self &ndash; care Scale, hardiness Questinnaire, Hope Scale and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale . The Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis with stepwise method were used to analyze the data. Findings: Analysis of the data showed that the only interaction between hope and dysfunctional attitudes have been able to predict self-care (r=0.191,p<0.05). But separately there is no relationship between hardiness , hope, dysfunctional attitudes and self-care. Conclusions: Interaction of dysfunctional attitudes and hope are able to predict self-care behavior. Therefore, the program which modify dysfunctional attitude and enhance Life Expectancy seems to increase self-care behavior.

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Abstract Aim and Background: Many of diseases, especially chronic and debilitating types, have co-morbidity with psychological problems. One of these chronic diseases which has co-morbidity with psychological problems is renal failure. This disease can endanger public health. This study was conducted aiming to examine the effectiveness of group logo therapy on hope and general health of dialysis patients at Milad Hospital of Tehran, Iran. Methods and Materials: Research method was semi-experimental and research design was the kind of pretest-posttest. The statistical community includes all patients admitted to the dialysis sector at Milad Hospital of Tehran in the fall and winter at 2012. Thirty patients were selected purposively and then replaced at random in two control and experiment groups (15 subjects in each group). The experiment group was admitted to group logo therapy intervention in 8 sessions during 90 minutes and the control group was also at waiting list and was admitted to no intervention. Covariance analysis test was used for analyzing data. The confidence distance and acceptable error are 0.95 and 0.05 respectively. Findings: The findings showed that rate of hope and general health increased among the patients who were admitted to intervention logo therapy Conclusions: According to the results obtained, it can be said that logo therapy approach was effective in increasing hope and general health among dialysis patients at Milad Hospital of Tehran. &nbsp;

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Aim and Background: Many studies have shown that mortality rate among the patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) is greatly influenced by their mood. While positive psychological states are associated with improved cardiovascular function in these patients, positive psychology interventions have not been used in patients with cardiac diseases. Hence, this study examined the effectiveness of three happiness interventions on psychological variables in patients with cardiac diseases. Methods and Materials: In present study, 68 patients with cardiac diseases were assigned randomly to three happiness intervention groups, including Seligman, Lyubomirsky and Fordyce, and a control group. The intervention groups completed 6 weeks of happiness sessions, and pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up measurements were carried out on the patients. Assessments included the status of depression, happiness, life satisfaction and hope. Data were analyzed with one-way repeated measures analysis of covariance. Findings: All three interventions improved happiness in patients significantly (P < 0.01). In addition, significant reduction of depression in Fordyce group was observed (P < 0.05). Besides, hope increased significantly in Seligman group at posttest and follow-up (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings show that these happiness interventions may be led to more promising results in promoting positive psychological states and reducing depression in patients with cardiac diseases. In general, Seligman happiness intervention in promoting positive psychological states and Fordyce happiness intervention in reducing depression lead to better outcomes than two other interventions.

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Aim and Background: The comparison of different psychological approaches in terms of their effect on psychological variables is of interest to many researchers. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic treatment and hope therapy on self-care activities and reducing cognitive-behavioral avoidance in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods and Materials: The design of the research is experimental and pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all married men and women with type 2 diabetes and members of Ahvaz diabetes society in 1400. 60 of these patients were selected based on the criteria of entry and exit, screening and purposefully, and after matching, they were randomly assigned in 3 groups of 20 people. Research tools included diabetes self-care activities scale (Toobert et al. 2000) and cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale (Ottenbreit and Dobson, 2004). Data were analyzed through multivariate (MANCOVA) and univariate (ANCOVA) analyzes using SPSS software.
Findings: The results showed that integrated transdiagnostic treatment and hope therapy were effective on self-care activities and cognitive-behavioral avoidance in patients with diabetes (p<0.05); in addition, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of two types of intervention in patients with diabetes.
Conclusions: It seems that both approaches are equally effective on self-care activities and cognitive-behavioral avoidance in patients with diabetes.

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 Aim and Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can significantly affect the quality of life and daily life activities of caregivers, and how to cope with stressful situations and challenges for caregivers is determined by the personality of the caregiver. Based on this, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of low positive emotions, anxiety-related experiences and helplessness/hopelessness based on MMPI-3 in the experience of suffering and caregiver burden of caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis.
Methods and Materials:  The current research method was fundamental, cross-sectional, and descriptive of the correlation type. The statistical population included all the caregivers of MS patients in Mashhad city, who had visited specialized neurology clinics and Mashhad MS patients' support association between October and December 2024, and 336 of them were selected by convenience sampling method. The research tools included the Minnesota multidimensional personality questionnaire - third edition, caregiver burden scale, and suffering assessment questionnaire. For data analysis, multiple regression analysis were used in SPSS version 26 statistical software. 
Findings: The results of the present study showed that the highest correlation was observed between anxiety-related experiences and the Experience of Suffering and the lowest correlation was observed between anxiety-related experiences and the helplessness/hopelessness. Also, helplessness/hopelessness and anxiety-related experiences explain 23% of the variance of suffering experience. In addition, it was found that experiences related to anxiety, low positive emotions, and helplessness/hopelessness explained 41% of the variance of caregiver burden.
Conclusions: Based on this and considering the relationship of personality dimensions with the experience of suffering and caregiver burden, it is suggested that in order to reduce and moderate the pain and suffering of caregivers, educational and therapeutic programs to promote and improve positive personality abilities and adjust negative personality dimensions, including centers Counseling and treatment, hospitals and universities should be designed.