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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background & aim: Compulsive hoarding is considered as a subtype of obsessive compulsive disorder. Schizotypy, on the other hand, has been reported to be prevalent in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. With these considerations in mind, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of compulsive hoarding in people with high schizotypal traits. Method & Materials: A group of 454 participants were screened using schizotypal personality scale. Thirty-one participants with schizotypal personality traits were enrolled in the case group. The control group also consisted of thirty-one non-schizotypal participants. Saving Inventory-Revised was administered to participants in both groups. Data was analyzed using the two-way Analysis of Co-Variance. Results: Results revealed that compared with the control group, the group with schizotypal traits had a higher mean score of hoarding behaviors. Also there was found a gender effect in this regard i.e. females with high traits of schizotypy were characterized by higher scores on compulsive hoarding scale compared to males with the same traits. Conclusion: Results add some more evidence about the correlation between obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizotypal personality traits.

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Aim and Background: Achieve coherent identity is effective in many dimensions of life&nbsp; and many factors are effective in it . for this ,&nbsp; Study&nbsp; about&nbsp; effective&nbsp; factors at&nbsp; identity status&nbsp; in students is necessary and aim of this study&nbsp; is Prediction of identity statuses in high school female / male students which relate with other sex friend based in&nbsp; their demographic and psychological characters in Tehran city. Method and Materials: The design of research was crossection with correlational method in population of high school students that was studying in 1385 in Tehran city that ralate with other sex&nbsp; friend . The sample&nbsp; in this study contained 200 students (101 males and 99 females ) that they choosed by avalailable sampling . Data achived with 2 quastionaire: Extended Objective Measure Ego Identity Status and&nbsp; Sternberg love scale and analysed their with descriptive and inferential statistic (multiple analyses of regression) . Findings: The results showed for achieved identity any of variables didn&rsquo;t show meaningful relationship. Gender variable with moratorium identity&nbsp; ( P<0/01 , F=13/857) , birthday, passion intimacy and gender variables with&nbsp; foreclosure identity, ( P< 0/01 , F= 4/595) intimacy and passion variables with&nbsp; diffusion identity were&nbsp; meaningful ( P< 0/01 , F= 16/648). Conclusions: The results showed, some of demographic and psychological characters are effective in identity statuses

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Aim and Background: This research examined the relation between mother&#039;s depression score and the student&#039;s emotional intelligence score in deaf and hearing students. Method and Materials: This was a descriptive-analytic study. The sample consisted of 30 deaf and 30 hearing three grade students from a junior high school and their mothers in Isfahan city. Students were administered Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, and their mothers completed Beck depression questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, using t independent test, and Pearson&#039;s correlation test. Findings: T-test results between emotional intelligence of deaf and hearing students showed that, only in optimism factor there was significant difference between two groups. t test results between mother&#039;s depression score of two groups delineated that, there was significant difference between them. And mother&#039;s depression score of deaf students was more. Correlation results revealed that mother&#039;s depression score was correlated to emotional intelligence in two groups. Conclusions: Results of this study showed that depression score of mothers is related to the student deafness while mothers&#039; depression is related to emotional intelligence. Finally results demonstrated mother&#039;s depression score is related to decreased emotional intelligence of deaf students, while mother&#039;s undepression score is related to increased emotional intelligence of hearing students.

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Aim and Background: Personality traits are among the factors affecting the tendency to substance abuse. Personality evaluations have shown sensation seeking to be a particularly strong predictor of initial substance abuse across a variety of drug use categories. The aim of this study was to determine levels of sensation seeking in addicted and normal subjects while considering gender. Methods and Materials: The present causal comparative study was performed on 90 individuals (60 male and 30 female addicts with an age range of 20-40). Accessible sampling was used to randomly select the subjects from referrers to welfare centers and outpatient addiction treatment centers in different parts of Tabriz and Marand in 2009. Based on DSM-IV-TR criteria, this group (the case group) suffered amphetamine substance abuse or dependence. The other group (control group) included 60 male and 30 female non-addicts who were among the relatives, neighbors and friends of the subjects in the case group. Overall, the study population consisted of 180 people. Zuckerman&#039;s Sensation Seeking Scale was used to collect data. Finally, data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) post-hoc test Findings: The results revealed a significant difference between addicts and non-addicts in terms of total sensation seeking and its subscales including thrill and adventure seeking, experience seeking, and boredom susceptibility. The addicted participants scored higher than non-addicts in total sensation seeking and its subscales. In addition, the scores of male addicts were higher than female addicts in total sensation seeking and the subscales of thrill and adventure seeking, experience seeking, and sensation seeking. However, there was no significant difference between female and male addicts in experience seeking, boredom susceptibility, and disinhibition. Conclusions: Although addiction, as a social pathology, would never be eradicated completely, it can be controlled through management, thinking and devoted attempts. Assessment of personality traits and sensation seeking in addicts provides important information for better definition, recognition, and treatment of addicts.

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Aim and Background: Alexithymia is a psychological construct that is prevalent in a wide range of psychiatric and medical disorders. Because of its importance in mental and physical health, many surveys today assess the different aspects of alexithymia in clinical and nonclinical populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of alexithymia and compare male and female students of Shahid Chamran University in alexithymia and its subscales. Methods and Materials: The study sample consisted of 841 undergraduate students of Shahid Chamran University. This sample was selected by multistage random sampling method from the 8000 undergraduates in the year 2008. The data collection tool was the 20-item version of Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). To analyze data descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Student&rsquo;s independent t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance were used. Findings: The results showed that the rate of alexithymia was 19.5% in the whole sample, 18.8% in females, and 20.2% in males. There was no significant difference in prevalence of alexithymia between male and female. Comparison of the two genders in the total score and three subscales showed that there were significant differences in total score and the external oriented thinking subscale in which the averages were higher in male students (P < 0.01). Conclusions: There was no difference in prevalence and intensity of difficulty in identifying and describing feelings between males and females. However, the high prevalence of alexithymia in Iranian undergraduate students is an indicator of the necessity for emotional education in schools and universities.

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Abstract Aim and Background: Gender Dysphoric disorder is a phenomenon with unclear cause and has a strong impact on affected person and his/her family. We designed a study to compare perception of people with and without Gender dysphoria regarding Family function. Methods and Materials: During a correlatioal study and through easy sampling we included 30 Gender dysphonic people and 30 non Tran&rsquo;s participants from people who were referring to Navid bakhsh clinic in Isfahan. All participants completed Farsi version of FAD-53 questionnaire and additional questions regarding their demographic data. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 with compare means by independent-samples T test. Findings: The analysis of data indicated a significant differences between two groups&nbsp; about their perception regarding Relationship components (p=0.000), Emotional involvement (p=0.001), Role Playing (p=0.000), Problem solving (p=0.049). The person&rsquo;s with Gender Dysphonic disorder had a low Performance in these components. Conclusions: Our results show that Gender Dysphoric people have more difficulties in relationship and emotional issues, role playing and problem solving in their families. Our findings might be helpful in planning for intervention in this type of families. Further studies are warranted with greater sample size to compare family functioning and attachment style of gender dysphonic people. &nbsp;

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Aim and Background: Sometimes, some people feel distressed because of their gender, usually in social, occupational or other personal grounds, which would tend to compatibility problems with gender dysphonia disorder. Therefore, the present study investigated the perceived attachment styles and parenting methods among the patients with gender dissatisfaction disorder and healthy individuals in Isfahan city, Iran. Methods and Materials: In this study, patients gender dysphoria and healthy individuals who had referred to psychiatrists in Isfahan in 2015. The participants consisted of 28 patients with gender dysphoria and 30 healthy individuals, who were selected through convenience sampling. The data collection tools consisted of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) (Reid and Collins) and Perceived Parenting Style Questionnaire (McClun and Merrell). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS Software. Findings: No significant difference was observed between the mean attachment style score of patients and healthy individuals. However, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of perceived parenting style. Autocratic parenting style was more prevalent among patients, compared to healthy individuals. Nevertheless, authoritarian parenting style was adopted by healthy subjects more (59.5%) than patients with gender dysphonia (40.5%) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: With regard to the findings of the present study, parents of the patients with gender dysphonia disorder should be educated concerning parenting styles to shift their parenting style toward authoritarian style; which tends to lower these individuals&rsquo; psychological impairments.

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Aim and Background: Increasing the age of marriage of young people, biological celibacy and the problems of late marriage, especially for girls, is an issue that must be addressed seriously. In particular, it creates a variety of psychological and social problems for single people. The aim of this study was to develop a gender justice training package based on religious teachings and its effectiveness on psychological capital and the gender role schema of girls with delayed marriage.
Methods and Materials: The design consisted of two parts, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative part, the inference was analytical and in the quantitative part, it was experimental and pre-test-post-test with the control group. The statistical population included single girls (45-30 years old) referring to mental health centers in Tehran. Thirty people were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people (experimental and control groups). The members of the experimental group underwent a researcher-made training package on gender justice based on group religious teachings for 8 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools included the psychological capital questionnaire of Vetanz et al., Bam gender schemas. Research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.
Findings: Results: The results showed that gender justice education based on group religious teachings was effective in increasing psychological capital and improving the gender role schemas of girls with delayed marriage (p<.001).
Conclusions: It seems that the need to apply gender justice based on religious teachings in order to improve the psychological capital and gender role schemas of girls with delayed marriage.