---

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Aim and Background: Divorce and conflict processes are overlapped. Then, couples do attempt to divorce based on experiencing the conflict levels. Hope and forgiveness interventions are aimed at reinforcing marriage and reducing divorce rates. This study aimed at examining the impact of hope-focused, forgiveness-oriented marital counseling and the mixed one on decreasing interpersonal cognitive distortions of applicant couples to divorce in Isfahan, Iran. Method and Materials: It was a semi-experimental and double-bind design with pre- and post-tests and control group. Statistical population was 440 couples referred to Divorce Crisis Intervention Center (DCIC). The sample size was 60 divorcing couples. They were replaced randomly in four groups: hope-focused group, forgiveness-oriented group, mixed group, and control group. Couples as a unit were studied and analyzed. The research tool was Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (ICDS) which reliability with 3-items deleted was estimated 0.87, using Cronbach's alpha. The data was analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-wallis and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney's U tests. Findings: In general, hope and mixed interventions reported meaningful effects on total decrease of couples' interpersonal unrealistic expectations and interpersonal cognitive distortions in comparison of control group. All three interventions showed meaningful decrease in all three subscales of ICDS in comparison of their scores in pre-test scores as well. Conclusions: It is suggested to apply hope and combination of hope and forgiveness interventions to decrease couples' interpersonal cognitive distortions. In order to determining appropriate interventions, it's so important to rate levels of marital conflicts in which couples are.

---

Aim and Background: It appears that depressed people have low self-compassion and forgiveness due to having negative attitudes. In order to test this hypothesis, the current study investigated the role of self-compassion and forgiveness in the prediction of depression severity among university students. Methods and Materials: In a correlational study during 2010-11, 136 individuals were randomly selected from all students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University (Ardabil, Iran). The participants filled out depression, self-compassion, and forgiveness questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression analysis in SPSS 18 . Findings: Self-compassion and forgiveness were negatively correlated with depression. In addition, self-compassion and forgiveness explained 16% and 20% of the variance of depression, respectively. Conclusions: Self-compassion and forgiveness are two positive personality traits that decrease the probability of depression.

---

  Aim and Background:  The purpose of this study was comparison of forgiveness and its components together with mental health in normal and ongoing divorce couples in Isfahan. Materials and Methods:The population is consisted of couples who lived in Isfahan city in 1387 (2009). 100 normal couples were selected randomly from 4 parks  in four regions of city and 100 at-divorce couples were selected randomly from couples who referred to divorce centers in Isfahan. Forgiveness and its components was measured by forgiveness scale (FFS) and mental health was measured by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Finding: The results of a factor analysis of variance (MANOVA), showed that forgiveness and its components (Recognition, Reparation, Restitution, Resolution) significantly higher than in normal couples. The couple's divorce. The findings related to mental health and its subscales (somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, major depression) were obtained Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that, in cases referred for mental health and the relief of divorce can be very important.    

---

Abstract Aim and Background: Establishing and maintaining family and prevention of family breakdown involves having certain abilities and skills. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of different dimensions of spirituality and forgiveness as predictors of family efficacy. Methodsand Materials: A correlational method was employed and the following measures were administered to 200 (118 women and 82 men) participants based on their accessibility in the public places Tehran City (2011). The Family Assessment Device (FAD); the Family Forgiveness Scale (FFS) and the Spiritual Attitudes and Ability Questionnaire (SAAQ). Findings: For data analysis, stepwise regression analysis was used . Results showed that there were significant correlations (P<0.01) between all dimensions of spirituality and forgiveness and measures of family efficacy. Amongst subscales of forgiveness, “resolution”, “recognition” and “realization” were stronger predictors. As far as spirituality was concerned, spiritual ability was a stronger predictor of family efficacy than spiritual attitude. Conclusions: It is concluded that forgiveness and spirituality, as two psychological constructs, can play a significant role in promoting family efficacy.

---

Aim and Background: Marital infidelity refers to any emotionally or sexual or virtual relationship beyond the framework of a committed relationship between two spouses, which is one of the most important factors threatening the performance, stability and continuity of married life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to Comparison of the effectiveness of Commitment-Building Counseling Package and Emotionally-Focused Couple Therapy on marital boredom and forgiveness of women with virtual infidelity.
Methods and Materials: Research method in terms of applied purpose and in terms of implementation method, quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design of two experimental groups and one group
The witness was accompanied by a follow-up test. From the community of married women with the experience of virtual infidelity in Isfahan, 45 people were selected by the available method and were randomly divided into three groups using the method. Marital boredom questionnaire (Pins, 1996) and interpersonal forgiveness questionnaire (Ehteshamzadeh, 2009) were used. Research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test.
Findings: The results of the analysis both commitment-making and emotionally-oriented couple therapy methods were effective in reducing marital boredom and forgiveness of women with virtual infidelity, and commitment-building Counseling package had a more significant effect (p<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the obtained results, it seems that the use of both commitment-making and emotion-oriented couple therapy methods to improve marital boredom and forgiveness of women with virtual infidelity experience has been effective and it is suggested to be used as therapeutic and educational approaches.

---

Aim and Background: Marital forgiveness is one of the most important factors in marital satisfaction and is considered an effective variable in resolving marital conflicts and increasing marital satisfaction. The main purpose of this study was to develop a causal model of marital forgiveness based on emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence with the mediating role of marital differentiation.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a correlation in the form of structural equations. The statistical population included married women aged 25 to 45 years in Hamadan, from which 408 people were selected by cluster random sampling. They all completed questionnaires on marital forgiveness, spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and marital differentiation. A structural equation test using PLS software was used to analyze the data.
Findings: The results showed that there is a direct positive relationship between emotional intelligence (0.102) and spiritual intelligence (0.286) of couples with marital forgiveness. The relationship between couples' spiritual intelligence and their level of differentiation is direct, negative, and significant (-0.139). Also, the relationship between the level of differentiation (-0.348) and marital forgiveness of couples is direct and the relationship between the two variables is negative. The level of differentiation of couples has a mediating effect on the relationship between emotional intelligence and marital forgiveness (-0.07) and also the relationship between spiritual intelligence and marital forgiveness (0.048).
Conclusions: According to the research results, it can be said that the causal model of marital forgiveness based on emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence with the mediating role of differentiation has a good fit and therefore the knowledge of counselors, psychologists, and experts about these variables can be helpful.