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معصومه موسوي, حسن حق شناس, جواد عليشاهي, سيد بدرالدين نجمي,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (10-2008)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Abstract Introduction: Good performance in academic tests plays a major role in the student's further academic and occupational achievements. In students who experience excessive amounts of anxiety while sitting for a quiz or test, lower academic grades may be achieved as a result of and impaired information processing. This study examined the relationship between anxiety test (AT) and some socio-demographic factors in high school students in Shiraz. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample consisted of 512 high school students in Shiraz, Iran. Participants were students from both sexes and from all kinds of high schools (named: Governmental, private, and specialized high schools for the exceptionally talented students). The instruments used for data collection were Spielberger's Test Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11 software, using ANOVA, paired t, and Pearson's correlation tests. Results: The STAI mean scores showed significant correlations with the districts of education organization to which the school belonged, the populated status of the classroom and the attitude of parents and school authorities toward academic failure (P Conclusion: The Findings demonstrated the adverse effects of AT on the student's academic performance. Identifying the bio-socio-demographic correlates of AT may help to plan more specific interventions for reducing AT in students.
سيما جنتيان, ابوالقاسم نوري, سيد عباس شفتي, حسين مولوي, حسين سماواتيان,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2008)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE FA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background and aim: ADHD is considered as the most prevalent disorder during childhood and adolescence. For the purposes of diagnosis and treatment various methods including play therapy one applied. This research has been conducted with the aim of studying the effectiveness of  play therapy on severity of  symptoms of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among primary school male students aged 9-11. Materials and Methods: By considering a experimental design two psychological and counseling clinics in Isfahan were selected. From the population of all clients in the two clinics who were diagnosed as ADHD-C by the psychiatrists, 30 were selected randomly and assigned into the experimental and control groups (15 subjects each). At the pre- and post - test stages, before and after 8 sessions which took 30-45 minutes every two days play therapy with emphasis on increasing attention and decreasing hyperactivity, CSI-4 and MFFT questionnaires were applied to both groups. Furthermore, in order to diagnose any change after the therapy, a follow-up study was conducted after a month. The data were analyzed by SPSS14 software, using ANCOVA. Findings: The play therapy decreased the amount of ADHD, hyperactivity, attention deficit, and response errors symptoms significantly, but increased response time significantly (all at p Conclusion: Considering the significant differences between the experimental and control groups as well as the fallow - up, play therapy may  be applied as an effective method of treatment for children and adolescence with ADHD preferably, a combination of this and other relevant methods may be used for the treatment of those with ADHD. As the ADHD symptoms were decreased significantly after the intervention, the effect of play therapy was confirmed.
مليحه محمودي قهساره, رحمت اله نوراني پور, بهرام صالح صدق پور,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (2-2010)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Achieve coherent identity is effective in many dimensions of life&nbsp; and many factors are effective in it . for this ,&nbsp; Study&nbsp; about&nbsp; effective&nbsp; factors at&nbsp; identity status&nbsp; in students is necessary and aim of this study&nbsp; is Prediction of identity statuses in high school female / male students which relate with other sex friend based in&nbsp; their demographic and psychological characters in Tehran city. Method and Materials: The design of research was crossection with correlational method in population of high school students that was studying in 1385 in Tehran city that ralate with other sex&nbsp; friend . The sample&nbsp; in this study contained 200 students (101 males and 99 females ) that they choosed by avalailable sampling . Data achived with 2 quastionaire: Extended Objective Measure Ego Identity Status and&nbsp; Sternberg love scale and analysed their with descriptive and inferential statistic (multiple analyses of regression) . Findings: The results showed for achieved identity any of variables didn&rsquo;t show meaningful relationship. Gender variable with moratorium identity&nbsp; ( P<0/01 , F=13/857) , birthday, passion intimacy and gender variables with&nbsp; foreclosure identity, ( P< 0/01 , F= 4/595) intimacy and passion variables with&nbsp; diffusion identity were&nbsp; meaningful ( P< 0/01 , F= 16/648). Conclusions: The results showed, some of demographic and psychological characters are effective in identity statuses
محسن گلپرور, محمد اكبري,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Justice in the form of justice ideologies and an unjust and just world belief is the important perceptual and cognitive component in various domains of life. This research aimed to study the role of justice ideologies and the just and unjust world beliefs on behavioral and evaluative justice of college students&rsquo; distress in Isfahan city. Method and Materials: This was a retrospective correlation study. Statistical population was all the students in Isfahan city universities. From them, 500 students selected using convenience sampling. Research questionnaire included belief in a just world (from Dalbert), belief in an unjust world belief (from Dalbert, Lipkus, Sallay and Goch), justice in evaluation, behavioral justice, distress in universities (three from Dalbert and Stober) and justice ideology and democratic trust (Wegener et al). Data were analyzed using of Pearson&rsquo;s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling. Findings: The results of structural equation modeling showed that determinism and democratic trust have direct effect which explained 5.7 percent of variances of belief to the just world; belief to the just world explained 1.8 percent of variances of behavioral justice; egalitarianism explained 19.2 percent of variances of justice in evaluation and justice in evaluation; finally behavioral justice explained 7.9 percent of variances of distress. Conclusions: Reinforcing belief to the just world and diminishing egalitarian can increase behavioral justice and reinforcing belief to the just world can increase evaluative justice. Finally with increase of behavioral justice and evaluative justice, the levels of college students&rsquo; distress could decrease.
محسن اديب حاج باقري, عفت امين الرعايايي يميني,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2011)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Childhood experiences could have profound effects on their adulthood behaviors. This research conducted with the aim of assessing the elementary students&#039; experiences of the elderly hospice who visited these centers or had a family member over there. Methods and Materials: A qualitative study conducted using content analysis method in 2008-9. Eleven students, who had visited a home elderly hospice or had a family member over there, wrote their memories from such experiences. Four of these and five more students were also interviewed. The data were analyzed using Krippendorff method. Findings: Findings were classified into four categories including &quot;the nature of elderly hospice&quot;, &quot;the causes of transmission&quot;, &quot;mode of transmission&quot; and &quot;visit consequences&quot;. Each category had 2-4 subcategories. Most of the students perceived the elderly hospice as distant and different from the normal living place. According to the participants, the elderly were transferred to the hospice for reasons such as &quot;loneliness&quot;, &quot;disease and disability&quot;, &quot;maintenance problems&quot; and &quot;children&#039;s selfishness&quot;. Conclusions: Students had negative perceptions of elderly hospices. Based on their experiences, the elderly hospices isolate the elderly from social life. The authorities should pay more attention to the arrangement and quality of care within the elderly hospices.
سجاد بشرپور, محمد نريماني, حسين قمري گيوي, عباس ابوالقاسمي,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (1-2013)
Abstract

Background and Aims: The current study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence rate of exposure to traumatic events and some of their related factors in male high school students in Urmia, Iran. Methods and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 946 male freshmen, junior and senior high school students in Urmia during 2010-2011 school year. The subjects were selected through multistage cluster random sampling. The participants responded to a demographic questionnaire and the Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for Children in their schools and in group. Collected data was analyzed in SPSS 18 by descriptive statistic, t-test, chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests.&nbsp; Results: The results showed that 72.2% of participants had been exposed to at least one traumatic event. Watching violence on television, death of a close person, and severe illness of a close individual were the most prevalent events. The results of t-test showed that the prevalence of some events was increased with aging. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test revealed that some events were more prevalent in the low socioeconomic status. The chi-square test showed that there were correlations between educational field and the prevalence of some events. Conclusion: According to the susceptibility of adolescents, the high prevalence of traumatic events can be accounted as one of major health problems among this group of people.&nbsp;
سيدمحمود ميرزماني, فتاح آزور, بهروز دولتشاهي, علي عسکري,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2012)
Abstract

Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of life skills training to reduce depressive symptoms in students of Piranshahr, Iran. Methods and Materials: A total number of 64 male high school students who scored 96-140 on children&#039;s depression scale were selected randomly from Piranshahr. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group attended 12 sessions of group life skills training. However, the control group received no intervention. Both groups completed children&#039;s depression scale before and after the intervention. Findings: The results of analysis of covariance showed that life skills training was effective in reducing depressive symptoms and significantly reduced social problems, and preoccupation with death and diseases. The treatment was however found to be ineffective in reducing affective responses and sense of guilt and improving self esteem and pleasure. Conclusions: According to our results, it appears that a complete treatment of depressive symptoms requires a more extensive training.
ستاره موسوي, جلال جبل عاملي, فاطمه علي بخشي,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2012)
Abstract

Aim and Background: The present study tried to evaluate the relations between emotional intelligence, motivational beliefs and self-regulatory learning strategies among the students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Isfahan, Iran). Methods and Materials: In a descriptive, correlational study during the academic year of 2010-11, 1300 undergraduate students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling. The measurement tools were Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory and Motivational Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Data was analyzed by fitness indexes of structural equation modeling, correlation analysis, and chi-square test. Findings: Path coefficients of empathy and interpersonal relationship were not significant. Similarly, path coefficients of realism, responsibility, and exhilaration with motivational beliefs were not significant. All paths in the effects of motivational beliefs and self-regulatory learning strategies on academic performance were significant. The components of emotional intelligence, motivational beliefs and self-regulatory learning strategies were all significantly effective on academic performance. Conclusions: The findings of the present study can be beneficial to educational researchers and policy makers in designing interventions to promote emotional intelligence, academic performance, and motivational strategies.
نادر حاجلو,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2012)
Abstract

Aim and Background: There are no questionnaires to assess the psychosomatic complaints of university students in Iran. The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of Takata and Sakata&#039;s psychosomatic complaints scale among Iranian university students. Methods and Materials: In this study, multistage cluster sampling was used to select 291 individuals from all male and female students of Mohaghegh Adabili University (Iran). Data was collected using Takata and Sakata&#039;s psychosomatic complaints scale and Goldberg&#039;s General Health Questionnaire. The obtained data was analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson&#039;s correlation coefficient, and Cronbach&#039;s alpha coefficients. Findings: Takata and Sakata&#039;s psychosomatic complaints scale had efficient face, content, concurrent, and construct validity to assess university students. The retest reliability and internal consistency of the scale were also adequate. Conclusions: Takata and Sakata&#039;s psychosomatic complaints scale can be used to identify students with psychosomatic complaints. Therefore, the use of this scale in student counseling is recommended.
نگين برات دستجردي, سميه صيادي,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (1-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Worldwide internet is known as one of the most outstanding information and communication technology and represents the technological advancement of modern humans. Its role in creating social changes is unavoidable. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between using social networks and internet addiction and depression among students. Methods and Materials: The study population consisted of all the students from Isfahan Payame Noor University, Iran. At first, all the studying fields were categorized into three groups of humanities, engineering and science. Then with random sampling, 345 students were selected. The data gathering tool included Beck&rsquo;s Depression Inventory, Young&rsquo;s Internet Addiction and researcher made questionnaires. Findings: There was a significant relationship between using social network and internet addiction (r = 0.147, P = 0.010). There was no significant relationship between using social network and depression (r = 0.55, P = 0.332). There was also a significant relationship between using social network and internet addiction regarding gender, age and education field variables. This difference was not significant among female and male age groups. But among the education fields, internet addiction was less observed in science compared to humanities and engineering fields.&nbsp; Conclusions: Internet due to its false appeals to users, slowly causes addiction and can satisfy the users psychological and emotional needs. Therefore, replacing interaction with people in the real world rather than social networking can help in developing emotional and social communications.
سالار فرامرزي, کريم عسگري, فاطمه تقوي,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (1-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Death is an undeniable reality, and every one may confront with the death of beloved ones sooner or later. Death of a beloved one is among the worst events a child might ever experience throughout his or her life. Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) has increasingly been used to ameliorate the emotional consequence of death in children and adolescences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive CBT on the bereaved high-school students who have lost one of the members of their families. Method and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study in which 20 bereaved students (girls = 10, boy = 10), who have lost one member of their family, were randomly selected from the bereaved students in Eghleed district in Fars province. They were then divided into two groups i.e. the experimental (n = 10) and the control groups (n = 10). The experimental group received 8 sessions of CBT, the control group received no intervention. California Test of Personality (CTP) was administered on both groups before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests using SPSS software. Findings: The analysis of the data indicated a statistically significant difference between the experiment and control groups in total score of adjustment inventory (P < 0.02). The analysis of data in sub-scales indicated a statistically significant difference in score of individual adjustment (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in total score of social adjustment (P < 0.1). Conclusions: The results suggested that CBT has increased adjustment in bereaved children, and it might be used as an effective technique to enhance mental health in bereaved children.
رضا کرمي‌نيا, محسن احمدي طهور سلطاني, رضا باقريان سرارودي, زهرا مولوي,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (1-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: The aim of the present study was to investigatethe psychometric properties of the Trait Hope Scale and its relation with psychological well-being of Iranian university students. Methods and Materials: In this descriptivesurvey, 191 students of Hamadan Islamic Azad University (mean age: 24.17 &plusmn; 4.30 years; range: 18-45 years) were selected through stratified randomsampling.The participants completed Snyder&#039;s Trait Hope Scaleand State Hope Scale, Riff&#039;s Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Inventory. Data was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach&#039;s alpha and split-half methods via SPSS 16 and LISREL 8.5 . Findings: Cronbach&#039;s alpha (0.83), split-half coefficient (0.80), divergent validity (with Beck Hopelessness Scale,-0.20), and criterion validity (with Snyder State Hope Scale, 0.55) were significant (P < 0.01). Exploratory factor analysis showed that the 12-item Hope Scale for adults had one latent factor thatexplained 47% of the scale variance. Firstorder confirmatory factor analysis indicated that 8items of the scalehad high factor loadings on one latent factor.Univariate model appropriately fitted with the data (adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.91, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, normed fit index = 0.98). In addition, there was a significant relation between trait hope and psychological well-being (r = 0.25; P < 0.01). Conclusions: The Trait Hope Scale has high reliability and validity and thus can be usedinfuture research.
آرش قدوسي, مهين امين الرعايا, عباس عطاري, محمدرضا مرآثي, صفا مقصودلو,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (1-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Smoking and drugs are considered are among the most common causes of early mortality in developing and developed countries. Health professionals believe that university period has special characteristics and is of high importance in prevention of smoking among young adults. In this study, we examined with the relations between smoking and psychological and demographic variables. Methods and Materials: In a cross-sectional study, 537 students were randomly selected from 7 schools of Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan Branch, Iran). A researcher-made questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) were completed by the participants. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS 12 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: Smokers constituted 18.7% of the study population. Smoking was significantly more frequent among men. There was no significant relation between marital status and palce of residence. Smoking was significantly correlated with having a smoking family (27.3% of smokers had smoking families). The most common way to start smoking cigarettes was through friends (75%). Among psychiatric symptoms, hostility (aggression) and physical complaints were significantly higher in smokers than nonsmokers. General Severity index was higher among smokers but the difference between the two groups was not significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among students of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan was relatively higher than many other universities. The high prevalence in this age can lead to many physical and mental problems. In addition, smoking individuals are usually more aggressive. Hence, educational and preventive policies are required to reduce smoking in young people. Attitudes of teenagers and young adults toward smoking should also be corrected through similar programs.
علي اکبر حدادي کوهسار, با قر غباري بناب,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (1-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: The concept of God concept is transferred to individuals by means of cultural and theological media. It is a conceptual understanding of people about the attributes of God and is closely associated with their mental health. The aim of the current study was to predict symptoms based on the concept of God in Iranian medical students. Methods and Materials: In this correlational study, 289 students from Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected through proportional stratified sampling God Concept&nbsp;Adjective Checklist&nbsp; and Symptoms Checklist 90-Revised were administered to collect data. Data was then analyzed by Pearson&rsquo;s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Findings: Symptoms of college students can be predicted by their God concept. Moreover, male and female students with a positive God concept had fewer symptoms than students with a negative God concept (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Result of the study indicated that symptoms can be predicted from their God concept, thus mental health of individuals is associated with their mental health status. Theoretical implication and practical application of the finding are discussed in the original paper.
سجاد بشرپور, علي عيسي زادگان,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (1-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: It appears that depressed people have low self-compassion and forgiveness due to having negative attitudes. In order to test this hypothesis, the current study investigated the role of self-compassion and forgiveness in the prediction of depression severity among university students. Methods and Materials: In a correlational study during 2010-11, 136 individuals were randomly selected from all students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University (Ardabil, Iran). The participants filled out depression, self-compassion, and forgiveness questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using Pearson&#039;s correlation test and multiple regression analysis in SPSS 18 . Findings: Self-compassion and forgiveness were negatively correlated with depression. In addition, self-compassion and forgiveness explained 16% and 20% of the variance of depression, respectively. Conclusions: Self-compassion and forgiveness are two positive personality traits that decrease the probability of depression.
احمدرضا حاجيان, محمود شيخ الاسلامي, رضا همايي, فيض‌اله رحيمي, مهين امين الرعايا,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (1-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence may complement each other in order to make a healthy life. On the one hand, spiritual intelligence leads to stabilization of virtues through improving spirituality and religious convictions and on the other hand, emotional intelligence improves social relations and controls affections and feelings. This may help individuals to move towards perfection. Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive-correlational study, and the sample size included 424 students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2011, who were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method from different faculties and majors. Data collection tools included the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire of Petrides and Furnham (TEIQue) and a researcher-made spiritual intelligence questionnaire (with reliability coefficients of 0.84 and 0.87, respectively). Multiple regression was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of regression analysis showed that there was a correlation between spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence. This relationship, which was statistically significant, was observed in different aspects of spiritual and emotional intelligence. Conclusions: Higher spiritual intelligence leads to higher emotional intelligence and indeed, spiritual intelligence amplifies emotional intelligence.
امير موسي رضايي, همايون ناجي اصفهاني, طاهره مومني, مهين امين الرعايا,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (1-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Depression and anxiety among students are important issues, because they lead to scholastic decline and develop many difficulties for students in the future. Furthermore, adherence to religious beliefs and attitudes toward religion as a deterrent to many mental disorders, especially depression and anxiety, has attracted the attention of many psychologists. This study aimed to review the relationship between religious orientations, depression as well anxiety of students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional correlation study which was conducted on 715 students who were selected through stratified random sampling method. Data collection was done through demographic information questionnaire form, DASS-42 standard questionnaire and the Religious Orientations Scale (ROS) by Allport. Finally, statistical software SPSS was used to analyze the data by descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings: Average score of depression and anxiety among female students was more than male students; however, in religious orientations, statistically there was no significant relationship between male and female students. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between students&rsquo; depression and anxiety and religious orientations (r = -0.61; P < 0.05) (r = -0.56; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Promotion of religious orientations leads to reduce students&rsquo; anxiety and depression, and therefore religious beliefs can play an important role in preventing mental disorders in people&#039;s lives particularly among university students.
سيد محمود طباطبائي, مجيد حسين آبادي, ساميه پناهنده, فرناز روشني, رضا باقريان سرارودي,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (1-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Due to the occurrence of identity crisis, numerous theorists have asserted that adolescence is the most important stage life-long. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between general health and identity base and status on students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Methods and Materials: This descriptive-correlation study was done on 240 undergraduated students (120 males and 120 females) of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2009 to investigate the relations between general health and identity base and status. Two hundred and forty students from 4 schools (Psychology, Theology, Basic Sciences and Literature Sciences) were selected as the final subjects according to the power analysis with software G*power version 3.1. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and identity situation questionnaire were given to them. Data were analyzed regarding the variables such as gender, course of study, marital status, native or non-native and birth order by correlation and regression analysis using SPSS software. Findings: Regression analysis suggested that status of achievement and diffusion significantly predicted 14% of depression variation, 7% of anxiety and 12% of social function from subscales of general health. Conclusions: It can be concluded that identity status have important role for supporting sources in improving mental health among university students, and mental health of university students reflected the location of individuals on a continuum from identity achievement (interpersonal and ideological bases) to identity diffusion.
افروز افشاري, مهناز مهرابي زاده هنرمند,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Alexithymia is a psychological construct that is prevalent in a wide range of psychiatric and medical disorders. Because of its importance in mental and physical health, many surveys today assess the different aspects of alexithymia in clinical and nonclinical populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of alexithymia and compare male and female students of Shahid Chamran University in alexithymia and its subscales. Methods and Materials: The study sample consisted of 841 undergraduate students of Shahid Chamran University. This sample was selected by multistage random sampling method from the 8000 undergraduates in the year 2008. The data collection tool was the 20-item version of Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). To analyze data descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Student&rsquo;s independent t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance were used. Findings: The results showed that the rate of alexithymia was 19.5% in the whole sample, 18.8% in females, and 20.2% in males. There was no significant difference in prevalence of alexithymia between male and female. Comparison of the two genders in the total score and three subscales showed that there were significant differences in total score and the external oriented thinking subscale in which the averages were higher in male students (P < 0.01). Conclusions: There was no difference in prevalence and intensity of difficulty in identifying and describing feelings between males and females. However, the high prevalence of alexithymia in Iranian undergraduate students is an indicator of the necessity for emotional education in schools and universities.
محمد فتحي, فرامرز سهرابي, مرتضي سعيديان,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Internet access is a growing phenomenon. With increasing and widespread access to Internet, dependency to Internet is observed among the youth. This research aimed to compare personality characteristics and identity styles in Internet addicted and non-addicted students. Methods and Materials: This was a causal-comparative research carried out in the educational years 2011-2012. The statistical community of the research contained all the dormitory male students resided in Tehran University dormitory (about 6000 students). 380 students were selected via random sampling based on Morgan table. According to the population of each dormitory, related questionnaires were distributed and fulfilled, so that by referring to each one of the student rooms, questionnaires were delivered and collected after about 20 minutes. The study tools included Young`s Internet Addiction Test (IAD), Personality Inventory (NEO), and Berzonsky Identity Styles Inventory (ISI-6). In order to analyze data in two descriptive and analytic levels, statistic t-test was utilized. Findings: Results indicated that in terms of personality characteristics, there is a difference between Internet addicted and non-addicted students, so that neuroticism was in a higher level for Internet addicted students than for non-addicted ones. As well, the three variables of extroversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness were in a higher level for Internet non-addicted students than for addicted ones. There was, however, no difference between the two groups in terms of personality characteristics of openness to experience. There was also a meaningful difference between the two groups in terms of identity variables. Informational style was in a higher level for Internet non-addicted students than for addicted ones. As well, normative style and diffuse-avoidant style was in a higher level for Internet addicted students than for non-addicted ones. Conclusions: There is, in terms of personality characteristics and identity style, a difference between Internet addicted and non-addicted students.

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