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Aim and Background: The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of executive functions training (response inhibition) on the attention of preschool children with developmental coordination disorder in Isfahan city, Iran. Methods and Materials: The study population consisted of all the preschool children (5-6 years old) with developmental coordination disorder. Purposive sampling method was used. The subjects were three preschool children who had a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder symptoms. Data collection tools included: (NEPSY neuropsychology test) neuropsychology test, Conner’s parent rating scale, Wechsler intelligence scale for children, basic motor ability tests and clinical interview. A single-subject method with multiple baseline design (MBD) research methodology was used too. The intervention started right after the baseline condition and 10 individual sessions of response inhibition executive functions training was given to them afterwards. Findings: The results of the data chart analysis based on descriptive statistics and visual analysis indices revealed that the intervention was effective on the three participants (respectively PND 100%, 90% and 70% for test number one, two and three). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that by response inhibition executive functions training, the rate of attention deficit can be reduced and the rate of academic performance can be improved.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and pharmacotherapy on severity of trichotillomania (TTM) symptoms. Methods and Materials: The participants consisted of 8 women and 1 man of over 16 years of age with TTM. The subjects were chosen through convenience sampling and randomly divided into 3 groups of equal size (CBT, ACT, and pharmacotherapy groups). The present single-subject study was conducted using the A-B design. The baseline consisted of 3 sessions, and the intervention consisted of 10 weekly sessions of CBT and ACT once a week for 60 minutes and 10 pharmacotherapy sessions once every 2 weeks. One month after the intervention, the subjects participated in 3 follow-up sessions (once a month). Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HPS) was used to collect data. Findings: The findings of this study were analyzed based on visual analysis and descriptive statistical indicators. The results demonstrated that CBT and ACT were, respectively, more effective on the reduction of TTM symptoms severity and pharmacotherapy was the least effective. Conclusions: Considering the effectiveness of CBT and ACT on severity of TTM symptoms, the use of these therapies to reduce TTM symptoms is recommended.