---

Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Introduction: A chronic illness, such as diabetes mellitus, creates changes in the life style and requires constant adjustment. The onset of a chronic illness can be a stressful event in any life stage including adolescence.. The interaction between the illness related problems and the psychosocial changes associated with normal adolescence makes it difficult for the patient to cope with the chronic illness in a constructive way.. Poor adherence to medical treatment and poor drug compliance are common concerns of the families and physicians dealing with diabetic adolescents. It is of an urgent importance to study effective, culturally appropriated interventions which focus on the high-risk diabetic adolescents with severe adherence difficulties and/or chronically poor metabolic control . Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial (Experimental design). The sample consisted of sixty randomly selected male and female diabetic adolescents living in Esfahan, with an age range between 12 to 18 years old. They were randomly assigned to four groups with different subjects of training including: personal self-efficacy, communication skills, both subjects and no training (control group). The scale of self-efficacy in diabetes and Family Assessment Device (FAD) were then administered to all participants. Treatment adherene was also evaluated using laboratory tests for Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) index. Data were analysed using the one-way Analysis of the Variance (one-way ANOVA). Findings: Significant difference was found between the groups regardind the scores of self-efficacy (F=3.725, P=0.017), FAD (F=4.151, P=0.01) and communication (F=8.302, P=0.000), as well as HbA1c results (F=3.088, P=0.035). Discussion: For preventing the short and the long term side effects of the diabetes mellitus, patients’ treatment adherence should be improved. Psychological interventions for enhancing self-efficacy and improving communication skills can be effective in this respect.

---

Aim and Background: Development of human societies sometimes leads in negative consequences such as stress. This research was conducted to assess the effects of religious commitment and self-efficacy in predicting the amount and type of perceived stress in university students. Methods and Materials: This was a correlational-descriptive study including 200 undergraduate and postgraduate students at East Azerbaijan Payam-e-Noor University during 2009-2010 academic year. The subjects have been selected by multiple-stage cluster sampling. Data was collected through researcher-made questionnaire, Nilsson religious commitment questionnaire, the perceived stress questionnaire by Kohen et al., and Sherz general self-efficacy questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multiple regression test in SPSS. Findings: The findings showed religious commitment to have a negative relation with the amount of negative stress, and significant positive relations with self-efficacy and the amount of positive stress. On the other hand, self-efficacy had a negative relation with the amount of negative stress, and a significant positive relation with the amount of positive stress. Standard multiple regression showed self-efficacy and religious commitment to be valid variables for predicting positive and negative stress in students. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, students can reduce the amount of negative stress and therefore improve their mental health by increasing their religious commitment, such as praying and reading Quran.

---

Aim and Background: This study seeks the effect of teaching problem solving on self-efficacy and perceived self-efficacy in adolescents.   Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental study using three group with pre-test and post-test, on hundred sixty students were randomly selected via multi-stage sampling, and were divided into 64 students of experimental group and 62 students of placebo group and 34 students in the control group. Problem solving was taught to the experimental group in 15 sessions and the placebo group was trained irrelatively in 15 sessions and control group was kept in waiting list. Data were collected through Jeruselem and Schwarzer’s General Self-efficacy Inventory (1995), Self-efficacy in Relationship Inventory of Wheeler and Ladd, (1982) and Perceived Self-efficacy Inventory of Ollendick, (1986). Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics indices (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Covariance analysis). Results: the mean score of self-efficacy and perceived self-efficacy in the experimental group, demonstrated the increase in post-test compared to that of pre-test.   Conclusion: Teaching problem solving was effective on general self-efficacy and perceived self-efficacy and self-efficacy in relation with peers.

---

Aim and Background: The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of Multiple Sclerosis Self-Efficacy Scale (MSSS) in a sample population of Iranian patients.
Methods and Materials: This research is a descriptive- correlational study with a population of patients afflicted with MS from North Khorasan and Hamedan provinces. A number of 120 patients, who had referred to the North Khorasan and Hamadan MS Associations at an interval of two months, were chosen as the sample population and completed the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Efficacy Scale (MSSS) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress scale (DASS-21). The data collected was analyzed through factor analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha, Guttmann Split half Quotient and Pearson Correlation, in SPSS17.
Findings: The analysis of the main factors with a Promax rotation and a variance of 71.11 supported 3 factors of the main four ones. The negative correlation pattern in the Multiple Sclerosis Self-efficacy dimensions with the sub-scales of Depression and Anxiety at DASS Scale was indicative of divergence validity. Finally, the Cronbach’s Alpha with a range of 0.78- 0.90 for the Multiple Sclerosis Self-efficacy dimensions and the 0.86 quotient for the entire scale indicated the positive reliability of the scale.
Conclusions: The Multiple Sclerosis Self-efficacy Scale (MSSS) enjoyed an appropriate reliability and validity in MS Patients of North Khorasan and Hamedan provinces.

---

Abstract Aim and Background:: Self-efficacy is an important research in students with learning disability. Because of multiple failures of children with nonverbal learning disability, they have low self-esteem and missed their abilities, so the aim of the present study was to explore the effect of study of miniature on self-efficacy of children with nonverbal learning disability (NLD). Methods and Materials: This is an experimental study (pre-test, post-test) with the control group which was conducted during 2 months. 20 children (10 boys and 10 girls) with NLD were selected from 60 children in Peyvand psychological clinic and Yousef Abad center and randomly was implementing in experimental and control groups. The average age of the girls in the experimental group was 10/33 and in the control group was 9/30 and the average of age of boys in the experimental group was 9 and in the control group was 10. The experimental group took part in ten sessions of miniature with 45-60 min, while the control group was put on a waiting list. Both groups received the Sherer self-efficacy test tow times (pre-test and post-test) during 4 weeks. Sherer test is a valid and relaibale questionnaire with 17 items likert scale (Coronbach alpha coefficient for farsi version =0.79). Findings of this study were analysed by ANCOVA based on repeated measure using SPSS version 20. Findings: The results revealed that Persian miniature had a significant effect on self-efficacy (P≤0.05). Conclusions The findings of this study showed that simplify and enhance of paintings were effective in raising of self-efficacy of children with learning disabilities, so it could be a good technique for NLD children and suggested for them. Further studies with control group and greater sample size are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of art therapy for NLD clients.  

---

Aim and Background: Given the ever-increasing rate of escaping of adolescent girls from home and the unfavorable individual and social consequences of the event, the aim of this study was the comparison of the big five factor model of personality, self-efficacy, and cognitive regulation strategies between runaway girls and normal girls. Methods and Materials:  The present study, in both its objective and data collection method, was a descriptive research. The study population consisted of all runaway girls in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2014, from among which 50 runaway girls were selected through convenience sampling and were matched with 50 girls from a high school in Kermanshah in terms of gender, age, and education. The data collection tools consisted of the Five-Factor Model, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The Data were analyzed using MANOVA. Findings : Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of neuroticism (P ˂ 0.001), agreeableness (P ˂ 0.001), extraversion (P ˂ 0.001), openness to experience (P ˂ 0.001), self-efficacy (P ˂ 0.001), and cognitive regulation strategies (P ˂ 0.001). Conclusions : Considering the increasing trend of girls running away from home and its unfavorable consequences, attention to preventative measures, identification of predisposing factors, and implementation of various rectifying interventions seem necessary.

---

Aim and Background: The motor learning skill and self-efficacy require support and feedback support. The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of positive social-comparative feedback and autonomy support on the self-efficacy and learning of throwing targeting skill in 8- to 9-year-old students in Area 9 of Tehran City, Iran. Methods and Materials: To this aim, through convenience sampling, 60 right-handed students were selected as the sample and were assigned to four 15-member groups of positive social-comparative feedback, autonomous support, positive social-comparative feedback and autonomous support simultaneously, and control according to height, weight, level of developmental skill, and the pretest scores. The acquisition stage included 6 10-trial blocks. In groups including positive social-comparative feedbacks, the participants received real feedback after each block as well as a feedback in comparison to the performance of other children, and in groups including self-efficacy support, the participants could choose the color of bags before each block. To compare the means, combined 2-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) repeating measurement of the last factor, and between-groups one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used. Findings: The social-comparative feedback and self-efficacy support, whether separately or simultaneously in one group, could improve children’s motor performance and learning through enhancing self-efficacy. Conclusions: Moreover, the positive effect of simultaneous social-comparative feedback and self-efficacy support on motor learning is considerably remarkable.

---

Aim and Background: Behavioral problems can affect sexual behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to predict sexual function and female sexual self-efficacy based on the components of behavioral problems. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive-analytical design study, 210 married women students aged 18 to 50 years in Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tarbiat Modares University, and University of Tehran, Iran, were selected using availability sampling method. The data were collected using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Vaziri-Lotfi Sexual Self Efficacy Questionnaire, (SSEQ) and Symptoms Checklist-90 revised (SCL-90-R), and were analyzed using Pearson correlation statistical method and Stepwise regression analysis. Findings: There was a negative and significant relationship between the general index of symptoms and the components of physical complaints, obsession, individual sensitivity, depression, anxiety, aggression, phobia, paranoia, and psychosis with sexual function and sexual self-efficacy (P < 0.05 for all). Among the studied components, depression, physical complaints, and psychosis were able to predict sexual function and sexual self-efficacy in women. In total, physical complaints explained 9.25% of the variance and sexual variability in women, and depression and psychosis predicted 17.4% of variance and variability in female sexual self-efficacy. Conclusions: Signs of behavioral problems have a significant role in predicting sexual function and sexual self-efficacy in women. Considering signs of behavioral problems in diagnosing and treating sexual problems, can provide effective diagnosis and treatment.

---

Aim and Background:   Academic procrastination is an irrational desire to delay educational homework, and it is a widespread phenomenon. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the cognitive-emotional model of academic procrastination with regard to the role of mindfulness, time perception, and mediating role of self-efficacy, exam anxiety and perfectionism. Method and Materials: The present study is a correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of Shahid Beheshti University. The study sample consisted of 200 students were selected by convenience sampling method. The data were collected using Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS), Test Anxiety Scale (TAS), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), Self-efficacy Scale (SES) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). In order to test structural relations in the proposed model, the method of Structural Equations Model (SEM) was used. Findings: The results showed that the modified conceptual model was confirmed with CFI=0.90 and RMSE=0.058. The relationship between the academic procrastination and mindfulness is negative and significant (P<0.001). Generally, there is a difference between the modified model with the conceptual model in the indirect effect of the test anxiety through reduction of self-efficacy on academic performance and the effect of time estimates on mindfulness. Conclusions: Based on the results, mindfulness-based methods are proposed to reduce academic procrastination due to the role of self-efficacy and test anxiety. In general, the results of the present study are in line with the set of conceptual efforts in the area of academic procrastination studies.

---

Aim and Background: Breast cancer, one of the most important cancers, creates many challenges for women who are suffering from it. The aim of present study the study of the efficacy of Comparison of The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and acceptance and commitment group therapy on Self-efficacy in breast cancer patients. Methods and Materials: In a semi experimental study, pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group, 60 subjects who were admitted to the study were selected by available sampling method. The subjects were matched on demographic factors and divided in 3 groups of 20 persons. For the group based on acceptance and commitment, 8 training sessions were held and 10 training sessions were held for the group based on cognitive-behavioral therapy, while no intervention was provided for the control group. At the end of the training sessions, The self-efficacy scale (post-test) was performed in each of the 3 groups. Also, 2 months after treatment, 3 groups completed again The self-efficacy scale in the follow up phase. Data analysis was performed using the Repeated Measurement Test and Multivariate Covariance Analysis. Findings: The results demonstrated that both group therapies Improve self-efficacy among patients (P>0.001). Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference between two methods in Improve self-efficacy in patients with breast cancer. (P>0.05) Conclusions: Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive - behavioral therapy are effective in Improve self-efficacy in patients with breast cancer.

---

Aim and Background: One of the main concerns of health psychology is the follow-up of patients of treatment adherence. Lifestyle self-efficacy related to weight and psychological distress, are the factors that play important roles in explaining the rate of treatment adherence in obesity surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the mediation role of treatment adherence in the relationship between weight-related lifestyle self-efficacy, psychological distress and weight loss in obese patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy surgery method.

Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive correlational and the statistical population included all obesity patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy surgery at the Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center and 200 of them were selected by available sampling method. Research instruments included Body Mass Index, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale- short form, and General Adherence Scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method.

Findings: The results of this study showed that direct effect of self-efficacy on weight loss (P<0.01, β=0.169) and indirect effect treatment adherence (P<0.01, β=0.77) were significant. The direct effect of psychological distress on weight loss (P<0.05, β=-0.186) and indirect effect of psychosocial distress were significant (P<0.05, P=0.069).

Conclusions: It seems that self-efficacy reduces psychological distress by influencing the person and improving her resilience, leading to increased follow-up and weight loss.

---

Aim and Background: Love is one of the most amazing emotions a person can experience and emotional failure is one of the most painful problems that can happen to anyone during a romantic relationship. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hypnotherapy on positive and negative affect and self-efficacy of women with a history of emotional failure.
Methods and Materials: The present study is of quasi-experimental with design pre-test, post-test and follow up with the control group. The statistical population included all women referring to counseling centers in Amol city with a history of emotional failure in 2017. 30 subjects were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. In order to conduct the research, Ross's emotional injury (1999), Panas Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) (1988) and self-efficacy questionnairs (Shaurzerz and Grosselm, 1995) were used. The experimental group received hypnotherapy for 8 sessions of 2 hours weekly. The research findings were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc in SPSS software.
Findings: The results of repeated ANOVA test showed that 8 sessions of hypnotherapy training significantly increased the positive affect (p<0.001) and self- efficacy (p<0.001) but decreased the negative effect (p<0.001) in the experimental group to the control group that showed a significant effect of hypnotherapy on the recovery of people with a history of emotional failure.
Conclusions: According to research findings, hypnotherapy can be used to improve the quality of life and increase hope for the future in people with a history of emotional failure.

---

Aim and Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women around the world that from the very beginning of diagnosis can cause fear, despair and psychological harm, and challenge all aspects of life (including physical, psychological, social). The aim of this study was determination of the role of emotional regulation, pain - efficacy and disease perception in predicting the negative mood of women with breast cancer.
Methods and Materials: The research design was descriptive correlational and the statistical population of the study included all women with breast cancer referring to Isfahan health centers in spring of 2018. Accordingly, 160 women with breast cancer were selected by available sampling method, and based on the criteria for entry and exit. Data collection tools consisted of Gross and John's emotion regulation questionnaires (2003), Nicholas pain (1995) self-efficacy inventory, Brodbent & et.al (2006) illness perception questionnaire, Lovibond, and Lovibond's negative mood scale (1995). To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were used.
Findings: The results showed that the perception of the disease (β= 0/46, p= 0/001), self-efficacy of pain (β= 0/15, p= 0/021), negatively and meaningfully and the suppression strategy (β= 0/21, p= 0/001) positive and meaningful can predict changes related to the negative mood of women with breast cancer.
Conclusions: It is concluded that the type of emotion regulation strategy, the degree of self-efficacy of pain and the level of perception of the disease have a significant effect on mood disorders in women with breast cancer;  therefore, it can be understood by a deeper understanding of psychological characteristics and beliefs The disease in women with breast cancer takes steps to increase their mental health and well-being with new conditions.

---

Aim and Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to some point of spinal cord or spinal neurons of end of spinal channel that frequently causes permanent changes in body’s strength, sensation, and other performances below the damaged point. When someone suffers from SCI may feel that all aspects of his/her life including mental, emotional, and social is affected. Thus, the current research aimed to examine the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) enriched with compassion on improvement of resilience and self-efficacy of patients with SCI in Isfahan province.
Methods and Materials: The research design was semi experimental with pre- and post-test and control group and random assignment. The research population includes all patients with SCI of Isfahan among whom 30 were recruited using inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either treatment or control group equally. The subjects filled out Connor & Davidson's (2003) Resilience Scale and Maddux, Mercandandt, Prentice-Dan, Jacobs, & Rogers’ (1982) General Self-Efficacy Test for both pre-test and post-test. Then, the treatment group received 8, 90-min weekly sessions of ACT enriched with compassion while the control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and via statistical package for social sciences version 25.
Findings: The results of the analysis showed that the training statistically, significantly improved the patients' resiliency and self-efficacy (p <.01).
Conclusions: According to the results, the ACT enriched with compassion is efficient in increasing resiliency and self-efficacy beliefs of SCI patients.

---

Aim and Background: Comparing different therapeutic approaches in psychology can help therapists identify their time, cost, and effectiveness; Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Gestalt coaching training and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of Tehran Telecommunication Company employees.
Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all employees of Perso Electronic Telecommunication Company in Tehran in 1398, from which according to Cohen's table, 45 people were selected by relative random sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group. The research instruments included Bar-Ann (1980) and Scherer and Maddox (1982) self-efficacy questionnaires. The experimental groups underwent Gestalt coaching training and acceptance and commitment treatment. Data were analyzed by repeated measures and ANOVA test.
Findings: The results showed that Gestalt coaching training has a significant effect on increasing employees' emotional intelligence in three stages of the test (P ≥ 0.001). Acceptance and commitment-based therapy had a significant effect on increasing employees' emotional intelligence between pre-test and post-test (P ≥ 0.001). But there is no significant effect between post-test and follow-up (P 00 0.001). Also, Gestalt coaching training and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on increasing employee self-efficacy, in the pre-test and post-test phase has a significant effect (P ≥ 0.001). However, Gestalt coaching training and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on increasing employee self-efficacy, in the post-test and follow-up phase, there is no significant effect (P ≤ 0.001).
Conclusions: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Gestalt coaching training and treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be a good way to reduce control and increase emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of employees.

---

Aim and Background: The authors conducted a quasi-experimental study to compare the effectiveness of GOSP and Triple P on self-esteem, self-efficacy and self-control of children.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population was students aged 8 to 11 who were studying in schools of 15th district of Tehran that had parents with high stress.30 mothers after screening process were randomly replaced in three experimental and control groups (10 people each). The subjects in the experimental groups were trained in (GOSP) (12 sessions), and Triple p (10 sessions according to the Saunders protocol, 1992) 120 minutes, weekly, and the control group did not receive any training. After the training course, post-test was performed for all three groups of students. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess data.
Findings: Results revealed that the mean scores of students in the group (GOSP) in self-esteem and self-control were significantly higher than Triple p and the control group. The scores of emotional self-efficacy of GOSP were significantly higher than the control group, while there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups. Self-esteem and self-control of children had no significant difference in two groups of positive parenting and the control group. The mean scores of self-efficacy were not significantly different in experimental groups (GOSP and triple p). Regarding social self-efficacy, no significant difference was observed between the three experimental and control groups.
Conclusions: These results suggest that the combination of God oriented spirituality perspective with considering the developmental characteristics of children, increases the effectiveness of parenting trainings on children.

---

Aim and Background: Cancer is considered to be one of the most important health and therapy issues in the world and in our country, especially among men, and is usually associated with significant clinical and psychological discomfort in the optimal use of coping strategies. The aim of this study was thus to analyze the structural model of spiritual health based on health anxiety, positive meta-emotion, pain self-efficacy mediated by the source of internal health control in men with cancer.
Methods and Materials: The research method is descriptive-correlational type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of men aged 45 to 65 years old with gastrointestinal cancers living in Golestan province in 1400. The sample size was estimated to be 230 people using Krejcie Morgan table. The convenience sampling method was used. The instruments of this research were in the form of questionnaires including health anxiety by Salkowski and Warwick (2002), metacognition and meta-emotion by Biro Montea (2010), pain self-efficacy by Nicholas (1980), spiritual health by Delman and Free (2004), source of health control by Wallston et al. 1978). To analyze the data, structural equation modeling technique was used in the LISREL8.71 software.
Findings: The results showed that health anxiety had a significant negative effect, and positive meta-emotion and self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on spiritual health (P <0.001). The source of internal health control mediated the effect of pain self-efficacy on spiritual health in a significant positive way (P <0.01). The source of internal health control has a negative effect on health anxiety and a significant positive effect on positive meta-emotion and pain self-efficacy (P <0.005).
Conclusions: The results of the present study support the hypothesis that health anxiety, positive meta-emotion, and pain self-efficacy are related to spiritual health and can affect spiritual health through the mediation of health control source.

---

Aim and Background: Considering that anxiety, especially test anxiety, has a decisive role in people's learning and performance, the investigation of factors affecting it has been discussed by researchers, therefore; The aim of the current research is to provide a model of exam anxiety based on thinking styles and learning styles with the mediation of academic self-efficacy.
Materials and Methods: The current research method is descriptive and correlational. For the research, a sample size of 400 people was selected in a multi-stage cluster. To collect information from Ahvaz Anxiety Scale Questionnaire, Learning Styles Questionnaire (ILS), Sternberg and Wagner's list of thinking styles and Scherer's general self-efficacy questionnaire were used. Path analysis method and Imus program were used to analyze the findings.
Findings: The results of the path analysis showed that learning styles and thinking styles play a predictive role on test anxiety with the mediation of self-efficacy.
Conclusion: It seems that the presented model has a good fit and both learning styles and thinking styles have a decisive role on exam anxiety with the mediation of test anxiety.

---

 
 Aim and Background: The Covid-19 epidemic has had many effects on the people's lives, especially medical students. However, little is known about the effects of this pandemic on medical students' learning, stress, and academic burnout. Therefore, the aim of present study was investigating the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between the fear of Covid-19 contagion and the academic burnout of medical students.
Methods and Materials: The research population of this study was consisted of all students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (N=4000) in the academic year of 2021-2022. The research sample was consisted of 436 students who were selected by available sampling method and completed the fear of contagion questionnaire, academic self-efficacy scale and Maslach burnout inventory–student survey. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling.
Findings: The findings showed that direct effect of fear of Covid-19 contagion on academic burnout was significant, but its effect on academic burnout was not significant. The direct effect of academic self-efficacy on academic burnout was significant. Also, indirect effect of fear of Covid-19 contagion with the mediation of academic self-efficacy on is significant.
Conclusions: The results suggest that academic self-efficacy can play an important role in increasing the effects fear of contagion epidemic diseases such as Covid-19 on academic burnout. The findings of this research can help to design or use of trainings based on self-efficacy during epidemic periods to reduce academic burnout of medical students.

---

Aim and Background: Pervasive anxiety is one of the common disorders and psychological treatments such as cognitive analytical hypnotherapy have been effective on similar disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive analytical hypnotherapy on emotional regulation and self-efficacy in people with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.
Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research included all people with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder who referred to the house of counseling centers of Tehran in 2022. Sampling was available and 30 people who got the highest score in anxiety questionnaire (1990) were selected as a sample and then randomly assigned 15 people to the experimental group and 15 people to the control group. and were allocated by lottery method. The experimental group underwent cognitive analytical hypnotherapy for 8 sessions twice a week for 60 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. In order to collect data, anxiety (1990), self-efficacy (1961) and emotion regulation (2003) questionnaires were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and covariance analysis were used with SPSS version 25 software.
Findings: The results showed that cognitive analytical hypnotherapy has an effect on emotional regulation and self-efficacy in people with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (p<0.001)
Conclusions: According to the results of this research, the use of cognitive analytical hypnotherapy intervention to increase emotional regulation and self-efficacy in people with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder can be suggested