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Abstract Aim and Background: The purpose of present study was to prediction of tendency toward drug use based on Substance use risk and protective factors among university students. Methods and Materials: The method of the study was to descriptive-correlational. Statistical population of study included all of Islamic Azad University students of Roudhen Branch from them 310 college students (165 male and 145 female) were selected &nbsp;by multi stage sampling methods and responded to Risk and protective factors questionnaire (Mohammadkhani,1385). Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient and regression statistical methods using SPSS.18. Findings: Among protective factors self-concept and assertiveness have a negative correlation with tendency toward drug use (p<0.01) and among risk factors sensation seeking, attitude toward substance use, family conflicts, availability and social disorganization have a positive relation with attitude toward substance. The result of regression analysis showed that self-concept and attitude toward drug use could explain meaningful contribution of the attitude toward drug use variance. Also there is a significant difference between attitudes toward substance use in girls compared with boys. Conclusions: The recent study emphasis on the role of interpersonal, interpersonal and social- environmental in this area. The results of present study can be used to develop a training package in the prevention of substance abuse.

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Aim and Background: Despite prominent medical health improvement programs for women of reproductive ages in recent years, the mental health of this group has been neglected. An increasing trend had been observed in the rate of depression among women of reproductive ages. Depression has negative effects on the health status and quality of life (QOL) of women and their family members. Moreover, sociocultural factors in different societies have high impact on depression in women. Due to the abovementioned factors, this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of postpartum depression and its correlation with some socio-demographic risk factors in women referred to local health centers in Najafabad, Iran. Using the results of this study, recommendations for health plans can be provided based on local risk factors. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in the summer of 2004. The study subjects included all mothers of rural areas of Najafabad who had given birth 2-12 months prior to the study (640 women). The data collection tools consisted of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a researcher-made socio-demographic questionnaire. Findings: The total prevalence of depression was 37.2%. Being a housewife, unplanned pregnancy, lack of breastfeeding, prominent congenital malformation of the infant, primiparity, and multiparity (more than 3 births) were the main factors related to postpartum depression in this study. Postpartum depression had no significant relations with mother&rsquo;s age and level of education, delivery mode, dissatisfaction with infant&rsquo;s gender, and family economic status. Conclusions: The numerous previous studies have not provided reliable supporting evidence for the existence of common socio-demographic risk factors for postpartum depression in different societies. Thus, all public health interventions for the prevention of postpartum depression must to be based on regional risk factors.

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Aim and Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a chronic medical condition that affects many aspects of patients' lives. Therefore, it is important to identify risk factors of CVD for the design of interventional and preventive programs. The purpose of this study was to review the psychological risk factors of CVD.
Methods and Materials: This systematic review study examines the psychological risk factors of CVD. For this purpose, articles from 1995 to 2019 were searched from the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Elsevier. Out of 257 articles, 51 articles were finally used in this study.
Findings: The results of this study showed that various factors such as stress, depression, anger and hostility, lack of social support, anxiety, lack of spiritual health and personality traits such as type A personality in the development of CVD is involved.
Conclusions: According to the findings of the study, health professionals can prevent and control of CVD in different age groups by designing educational programs focused on risk factors of this disease such as stress, depression, anger, social isolation and anxiety.

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Aim and Background: Given the increasing prevalence of autism in all parts of the world and Iran, and that this disease in most cases is a severely debilitating disorder throughout a person's life. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of risk factors associated with autism.
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed on the population of patients with autism referred to autism centers in Isfahan in 2016. After entering the samples to study the risk factors questionnaire was completed by him. The collected data were described using descriptive statistics including frequency tables and theoretical indicators and dispersion, information and all statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software version 19.
Findings: The results of the study showed that the background and environmental factors include gender, date of birth, age of parents, family relationship of parents, education of parents, number of children and rank of children, place of residence during pregnancy, place of residence in the first year of birth, weight of mother before pregnancy. , mother suffering from high blood pressure during pregnancy, diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption, antidepressant use, anticonvulsant use, terbutaline use to prevent premature birth, type of pregnancy method, contact with volatile solvents such as gasoline, toluene, contact with Lead, fish oil consumption and vitamin D levels before and during pregnancy were related to autism in children.
Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that environmental factors can affect genetic and epigenetic factors in parents in the long run. This event highlights the role of environmental factors in causing autism spectrum disorders.