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Aim and Background: The siblings of children with Down syndrome are at risk for psychological disorders.Therefore the aim of this study was to investigae the effectiveness of resiliencetraining on mental health in siblings of children with Down syndrome.   Methods and Materials: In the present study a semi- experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow up design was utilized. The statistical population of this research included the whole adolescents (age between 14- 18) having sibling with Down syndrome in Shiraz city, Iran. The sample size was 30 adolescents having sibling with Down syndrome were selected by whole population sampling method assigned for experimental and control groups randomly. Mental Health Inventory (MHI 28) was used for measuring Mental Health that includes two components:psychological wellbeingand psychological distress Results: Analyzing of data using Mix ANOVAs with repeated measure design revealed that wellbeing in siblings of children with Down syndrome in experimental group significantly improved and their psychological distress significantly decreased and these results were permanent in the follow up step. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between subjects on the base of gender. Conclusions: According to the results of this study we can conclude that by training of skills related with resilience, it is possible to enhance the mental health of siblings of children with Down syndrome.

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Aim and Background: This study aimed to evaluate the spiritual experience and resilience of women with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy and their healthy counterparts. Methods and Materials : The present study was a retrospective comparative study. The study population included all women with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy and their healthy counterparts referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital from May to September 2013. The study subjects were selected through convenience sampling. Thus, 50 women with breast cancer and history of surgery and mastectomy who had completed chemotherapy treatments and were undergoing radiotherapy were compared with 50 healthy women who were matched in terms of age, education, and marital status with the experimental group. Data were collected using the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and t-test in SPSS software . Findings: The results showed a statistically significant difference between the spiritual experiences of women with breast cancer and healthy women (P < 0.05). Women with breast cancer had more spiritual experiences than healthy women. A significant difference was observed between resilience of women with breast cancer and healthy women, (P < 0.05); healthy women had greater resilience than women with breast cancer. Conclusions: It can be concluded that spiritual experiences and resilience impact patients with breast cancer and undergoing radiation therapy. Therefore, it seems that finding ways to increase resilience and spiritual experience is necessary to improve and control their disease. Hence, it is recommended that future research, inspired by the results of this research, seek to enhance the resilience of women with cancer, and study its effects on mental health and quality of life (QOL) of these patients.

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Aim and Background: The aim of this research was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of resilience training and the combination of positive therapy and resilience training on reduction of academic procrastination and academic stress, and improvement of psychological well-being and effective coping strategies among female students. Methods and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest, and follow-up. The participants consisted of 60 students of 14 to 16 years old. They were selected through multistage cluster sampling and randomly divided into 2 experimental groups and a control group. Resilience training and the combination of positive therapy and resilience training were presented in 9 sessions, each lasting 2 hours, in the 2 experimental groups. Savari's Academic Procrastination Questionnaire, Ang and Huang’s Academic Stress Inventory, Ryff's Scale of Psychological Well-being (RSPWB), and Endler and Parker’s Scale of Coping Strategies were used in the pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Findings: The results showed that resilience training and the combination of positive therapy and resilience training caused a significant decrease in academic procrastination and academic stress, and a significant increase in psychological well-being and effective coping strategies. The combination of positive therapy and resilience training was more successful in psychological well-being promotion and stress reduction than resilience training. In addition, resilience training was more effective in reducing academic procrastination. Conclusions: Educational programs that incorporate multiple approaches and theories in designing educational packages have more significant effects. Therefore, the use of the present research results can be effective in the designing of preventive educational programs and improving educational achievements. Keywords: Resilience, Procrastination, Stress, Well-being, Coping behavior

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Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12-week physical activity on resiliency, subjective well-being, and work engagement among the female staff of Islamic Azad University. Methods and Materials: This semi-experimental research was carried out having pre- and post-test. The statistical population of this study consisted of 94 female staff of Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran; from whom, 72 person were purposively selected as samples and were randomly divided into experimental (n = 36) and control (n = 36) groups. The tools for gathering data were Konor and Davidson Resiliency Inventory, Schaufeli and Bakker Work Engagement Inventory, and Keyes and Magyar-Mae Subjective Well-Being Inventory. Data were analyzed via SPSS software, using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: Aerobic exercise significantly increased resiliency, subjective well-being, and work engagement among the subjects (P ˂ 0.05 for all). The dimensions of mental health were not equally affected by the practice. The effect size was obtained 0.63, 0.49, and 0.09 in resiliency, work engagement, and Subjective well-being, respectively. Conclusions: Based on our findings, it is recommended that managers should provide opportunities for their employees to participate in physical activity plans in order to increase their resilience, mental well-being, and work engagement. Under this condition, organizational managers can effectively benefit from their active and healthy human resources.

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Aim and Background: Positive cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a new approach in psychotherapy that combines cognitive behavioral therapy with positive psychology and solution-focused therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive cognitive behavioral therapy on resilience and self-esteem among the adolescents with depression signs. Methods and Materials: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest/posttests design, and with control group. Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered among the students in first grade of 5 randomly-selected high schools. Among the students who had scores upper than cut-off point of depression, and with consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 34 students were selected, and randomly divided into two equal groups of control and experimental. Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC), and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) were administered among the selected sample as pretest. Positive cognitive behavioral therapy was performed in experimental group, and again, the questionnaires were administered among the participants as posttest. Findings: Positive cognitive behavioral therapy significantly increased students’ scores of resilience and self-esteem in experimental group compared to control group. Conclusions: It seems that positive cognitive behavioral therapy can be applied as an effective approach for enhancing positive function components in adolescents with depression signs; further researches on this topic are recommended.

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Aim and Background: The research aimed to determine the effects of spirituality therapy with emphasis on Islamic teachings on self-esteem and resiliency in addicts. Methods and Materials: The study population included addicts who referred to Nikoosalamat methadone center for drug abandonment in the city of Ghorve, Iran, in 2013. The sample size was at first 90 addicts who were selected through simple random sampling. Then, based on questionnaire scores, as many as 40 people were chosen who scored the lowest in the self-esteem and the resilience questionnaires, and were placed in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 9 two-hour sessions of spirituality therapy, where the control group received no education. To collect the data, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) were applied. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance method. Findings: The mean scores of self-esteem and resilience at the posttest were significantly higher in experimental group compare to control group. Conclusions: Findings revealed that spirituality therapy with emphasis on Islamic teachings is effective on self-esteem and resilience in addicts.

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Aim and Background: Today, one-child adolescents form a part of the society and this question comes to mind: Are there any differences in predicting depression between two groups of one-child and multi-child based on predictor variables of stress, resiliency, attachment styles, and family relations? Methods and Materials: This was a correlational study. The statistical population included all high school students from both one-child and multi-child families. The statistical sample included 150 boy and girl students from both groups in Isfahan, Iran. In order to collect data, Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS), Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Collins and Read’s Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), and Barnes and Olson’s Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. Findings:  In both groups anxious and avoidance attachment style and stress had a positive significant relationship with depression (P < 0.05). There was a negative significant relationship berween resiliency and depressiom in one-child group (P < 0.05), but this relationship was not significant in multi-child group. No significant correlation was found between secure attachment style and depression in both groups and finally, predicting depression based on predictor variables was very different between two groups; so that, family relations and resiliency predicted lack of depression in one-child group, but in multi-child group, avoidance attachment style predicted depression. Conclusions: Regarding the predictor variables of the present study, being one-child or multi-child makes a difference in predicting depression.

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Aim and Background: Dyslexia has many effects on students' psychological status in addition to academic problems. Regarding this issue, the present study aimed to develop a Reading Improvement Comprehensive Program (RICP) and its effectiveness on the academic success and resilience of students with dyslexia.

Methods and Materials: This study was a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with unequal control group. For sample selection, 30 students were selected from among dyslexic students in Isfahan who had inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), the Dyslexia Comprehensive Diagnostic Test (DCDT), the Academic Success Scale (ASS) and the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) were used. The RICP for 16 weeks was provided only to students in the experimental group. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS software.

Findings: The results indicated that the RICP had a significant effect on students' academic success and academic resilience (p= 0.001).

Conclusions: It can be stated that the RICP improves the academic success and resilience of students through consideration of new conceptualizations in the field of dyslexia as well as the expressed emotion by primary caregivers.

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Aim and Background: In the child welfare system, children and youth under care are always considered as a fragile and at-risk population ,Therefore preventive interventions are very important in reducing harms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of play-based resilience training package on social adjustment of children under the guardianship  of  the Welfare Organization.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included children aged 5-7 years under the guardianship of Tehran Province Welfare in 2019. First, 5 centers were purposefully selected and then 30 children with research criteria were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The instruments used in this study include the Rutter Children's Behavioral Disorders Questionnaire (1967), the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (Ungar & Liebenberg ,2009) and the Play-based resilience training package (Mohammadi Shemirani, 2019). For the children in the experimental group, the resilience training package was implemented in 14 sessions, each session lasting one hour. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance.
Findings: Results showed that resilience training significantly affected social adjustment and its components(hyperactivity-aggression, attention deficit disorder, social maladaptation)(p <0.01) However, it was not significantly effective on the anxiety-depression and antisocial behavior. (p <0.05).
Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it seems that play-based resilience training package can be used to increase social adjustment of children under the guardianship of welfare Organization.

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Aim and Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to some point of spinal cord or spinal neurons of end of spinal channel that frequently causes permanent changes in body’s strength, sensation, and other performances below the damaged point. When someone suffers from SCI may feel that all aspects of his/her life including mental, emotional, and social is affected. Thus, the current research aimed to examine the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) enriched with compassion on improvement of resilience and self-efficacy of patients with SCI in Isfahan province.
Methods and Materials: The research design was semi experimental with pre- and post-test and control group and random assignment. The research population includes all patients with SCI of Isfahan among whom 30 were recruited using inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either treatment or control group equally. The subjects filled out Connor & Davidson's (2003) Resilience Scale and Maddux, Mercandandt, Prentice-Dan, Jacobs, & Rogers’ (1982) General Self-Efficacy Test for both pre-test and post-test. Then, the treatment group received 8, 90-min weekly sessions of ACT enriched with compassion while the control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and via statistical package for social sciences version 25.
Findings: The results of the analysis showed that the training statistically, significantly improved the patients' resiliency and self-efficacy (p <.01).
Conclusions: According to the results, the ACT enriched with compassion is efficient in increasing resiliency and self-efficacy beliefs of SCI patients.

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Aim and Background: Eating problems in children with autism spectrum disorders are more than their healthy counterparts and can negatively affect their health, communication and other disabilities. Maternal resilience and interactive style play a vital role in the health, behaviors and quality of life of these children. The aim of this study was to predict the eating problems of children with autism spectrum based on resilience and interactive style of their mothers.
Methods and Materials: This is a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population of this study was children with autism spectrum disorders aged 4 to 7 years who referred to private rehabilitation centers in Tehran. The sample size of 90 people was selected by available sampling method. Data were collected using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Resilience Scale, and Child-Parent Relationship Scale. The data of this study were analyzed using SPSS software and Spearman correlation method.
Findings: Based on the findings, increasing maternal resilience reduced eating problems in children with autism spectrum disorders (p<0.01). In addition, increasing the quality of the parent-child relationship reduces eating problems in these children (p<0.05). Also, increasing the resilience of these mothers directly affects the quality of parent-child interaction (p<0.01). Maternal resilience can predict eating problems in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Conclusions: Resilience and communication style of mothers play a key role in the development of nutritional problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. It seems that by strengthening the parent-child relationship and mothers' resilience, the eating problems of these children can be reduced.

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Aim and Background: The birth of a disabled child influences a wonderful effect on parents psych especially mothers. The birth of disabled child could be let parents down and cause to be hard to cope with. Therefore, the present research aimed to study of effectiveness of native solution-focused therapy based on narrations of mothers with mentally retarded children on their resilience.
Methods and Materials: The research method of this paper was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and control group design. The research population include all mothers who has disable child and were referred to Welfare Organization of Arak in the first 3-month of 2019 year. The research sample includes 40 mothers who were selected randomly among research population (each group 20 subjects). To gather the data Conner and Davidson’s questionnaire was used. The experimental group received solution-focused therapy intervention and the subjects of control group were in waitlist. Analyzing the data carried out by Repeated Measure ANOVA.
Findings: The results showed that native solution-focused therapy intervention has been effective on resiliency of mothers with disabled children (p<.05).
Conclusions: According to the findings, it seems to intervention of native solution-focused therapy based on narrations of mothers with disabled children on increasing of their resilience has been effective. Theoretical and practical implications discussed in this research.

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Aim and Background: Research has shown that resilience and self-control are associated with marital boredom; In this regard, various therapeutic approaches have been used by researchers; therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused and schema therapy approaches on ambiguity resilience, and self-control of women with marital burnout.
Methods and Materials: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of implementation method with pretest-posttest design of two experimental groups and a control group with follow-up test. From the community of women suffering from marital burnout in district three of tehran, 45 people were selected by the convenient sampling method and were replaced in three groups using the random method. Ambiguity resilience questionnaire (Freison et al., 1994) and self-control questionnaire (Gramisk et al., 1993) were used. Research data were analyzed by ANOVA using repeated measures and bonferroni's post hoc test.
Findings: Findings showed that both emotion-focused and schema therapy approaches have a significant and lasting effect on increasing the resilience of ambiguity and self-control of women with marital burnout (p=0.001). Also, the result of comparing the two approaches showed that the effect of schema therapy approach on self-control of women with marital burnout is more than the emotion-focused approach (p=0.001). But the difference between the two approaches on the resilience of ambiguity was not significant.
Conclusions: According to the obtained results, it seems that the use of both schema therapy and emotion-focused approaches to improve self-control and resilience of ambiguity in women with marital burnout is effective and it is recommended to be used as therapeutic approaches.

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Aim: The present study aims to be effective. Integrated life management was performed with Memory Specificity Training (MEST) on resilience in divorced women.
Methods: The intervention method was used by the researcher after special stages with qualitative evaluation to be able to improve the quality of life and health of the target group, especially in increasing resilience. In the quantitative part, the present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population was divorced women in Nain city, so 30 women under the auspices of Imam Relief and Welfare Committee of Nain city were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two alternative groups. Were. The collection of information in the qualitative section was based on the study of articles, relevant texts and interviews under the supervision of psychology professors, to develop a life management package and combine it with special reminder training after validation and validity (content, Formal and executive) were used. The research instruments in the quantitative part were Connor and Davidson resilience scale and educational-therapeutic intervention method in the experimental group based on 11 sessions. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the variability of resilience changed during the post-test and follow-up stages, which is significant compared to the pre-test stage (P <0.05). ). Also, the variable based on combining life management with Memory Specificity Training had a significant effect on the resilience component in divorced women (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be inferred that life management intervention method combined with special reminder training by creating a new lifestyle and changing the cognitive-behavioral system can change attitudes and behavioral patterns and Ultimately increase psychological resilience in divorced women

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Aim and Background: The outbreak of Covid-19 virus and the occurrence of multiple peaks in the country over time has caused nurses to suffer psychological and emotional damage. According to this the present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of positive psychotherapy on the resilience of female nurses with anxiety symptoms.
Methods and Materials: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the present study included the female nurses with anxiety symptoms in the city of Isfahan in the winter quarter of 2020. 40 female nurses with anxiety symptoms were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20 nurse). The experimental group received positive psychotherapy online in 8 sessions of 75 minutes per month. After the intervention, 4 nurse in the experimental group and 3 nurse in the control group had a fall. The applied questionnaires in this study included anxiety questionnaire (Beck et.al, 1998), and resilience scale (Conner, Davidson, 2003). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA and dependent t test using SPSS statistical software version 23.
Findings: The results showed that the Positive psychotherapy has significant effect on the anxiety and resilience of female nurses with anxiety symptoms (p<0.001) and succeeded in the decrease anxiety and increase psychological empowerment and resilience in these nurses.
Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that positive psychotherapy can be used as an efficient treatment to decrease anxiety and increase resilience of female nurses with anxiety symptoms through employing techniques such as a positive outlook on life and teaching optimism and hope for the future.

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Aim and Background: Due to the cultural context of society, women suffer more than men after divorce. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Ellis emotional emotional therapy on psychological well-being, resilience of women on the verge of divorce in Zahedan.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population of the study is all women who refer to the court of Zahedan for divorce. The statistical sample of the study was 30 people who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. The research instruments were Reef (1989), Connor and Davidson (2003) Psychological Welfare Questionnaire. From Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mbox, Levin tests, multivariate analysis of covariance was performed using SPSS software version 25.
Findings: The results showed that Ellis emotionally rational therapy focuses on the components of psychological well-being (self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, environmental control, purposeful life and personal growth) and resilience (spirituality in individuals, control, tolerance of negative emotions, trust in Personal instincts (competence) has been the most influential on the individual competence and self-acceptance components.
Conclusions: It seems that Ellis emotionally rational treatment affects all components of psychological well-being and resilience of women in the divorce province of Zahedan.
 

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Aim and Background: Women with marital conflict have less resilience in their lives, for this reason, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the therapeutic package of originality in the three worlds based on Rollo May existential theory on the resilience of women with marital conflict.
Methods and Materials: The current research method was quantitative and of the type of quasi-experimental studies and pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this study included women who refer to the psychological clinics of Isfahan city, from which 26 were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. Resilience questionnaires were used to collect information. The experimental group received the therapeutic package during 14 sessions of 75 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Data analysis was done with spss-24 software and with the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measures and chi-square test at the level of 0.05.
Findings: Based on the chi-square test, no significant difference was observed in terms of age, education, and job between the two groups (P <0.05). On the other hand, this educational package has caused a significant increase in the score Subscales of competence, acceptance, trust in instincts and spiritual influences the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The results of the research indicate the significant effectiveness of the educational program of originality in the three worlds based on Rollo May existential theory on resilience in women with marital conflict. Therefore, this educational package can be used to promote the resilience of women with marital conflict.

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Aim and Background: Many researchers are interested in comparing different approaches in order to be more effective; In this regard, the aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and spirituality therapy on the resilience of divorced women.
Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study was all divorced women covered by the welfare of Tehran in 1399, from which 45 qualified volunteers were included in the study, who were divided into two experimental groups and one control group by age homogenization. In the present study, to describe and analyze the data, analysis of variance with repeated measures, Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS software with a significance level of 0.05 were used.
Findings: The results of the present study showed that the post-test and follow-up, the mean scores of resilience It has increased significantly in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). In other words, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and spiritual therapy have been effective on resilience scores (p<0.05). Also, the effect of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in the post-test phase has been more effective than spiritual therapy on increasing resilience. In the group of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, spiritual therapy, post-test and follow-up resilience scores increased compared to the pre-test, and no significant difference was observed between the post-test and follow-up averages in both groups. Also, in the control group, there is no significant difference between the mean scores of the pre-test, post-test and follow-up resilience (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and spiritual therapy for both divorced women seem to improve resilience in these individuals and reduce the individual and social consequences of divorce.
 

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Aim and Background: With the outbreak of COVID-19, various aspects of life for all individuals, especially housewives, underwent significant changes. Social restrictions and psychological distresses accompanying the pandemic challenged their resilience. The aim of this research was to determine the role of positive and negative perceptions of God and quality of life in predicting the resilience of housewives in Tabriz city during the COVID-19 period.
Methods and Materials: This quantitative study was a descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population included all housewives residing in Tabriz city in early 2022, and 222 of them were  selected through available sampling method and due to the spread of the Omicron variant, they responded online to Image of God questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-16 software.
Findings: The Pearson correlation coefficient results indicated that a positive perception of God is associated with high resilience, while a negative perception is linked to low resilience (P<0.05). Additionally, there is a positive relationship between quality of life and its components with resilience (P<0.05). According to multiple linear regression results, 43% of the variance in resilience can be explained by positive perceptions of God (β=0.32) and quality of life (β=0.54) variables.
Conclusions: Greater attention to religious teachings and fostering positive perceptions of God, as well as improving the quality of life for housewives, is recommended to enhance their resilience in facing life's challenges