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Abstract Aim and Background: Infertility is a complex crisis in the lives of infertile couples is considered. Reaction to infertility by negative psychological reactions including depression, incompetent individual, marital and relationship problems and disorders, is observed. The present study examined the efficacy of reality therapy on depression in infertile women undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive techniques (IUI) in Mashhad. Methods and Materials: This study is a semi-experimental research is in control and experimental groups was performed with the post test. For this purpose, of infertile women attending NOVIN infertility clinic in Mashhad to treat Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), 60 subjects volunteered by the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck Depression Inventory or BID) were evaluated. Then 40 of them randomly into two experimental groups (n = 20) and controls (n = 20) groups. Reality Therapy in the Experimental group were administered over 8 sessions 1 and half hour . The control group received no intervention. Both groups after treatment and before IUI, were tested again. The results of the statistical parameters (such as t-independent group, covariance analysis) were analyzed. Findings: Findings showed reality therapy interventions to reduce depression within the experimental group significantly (p <0.05) has been effective. Conclusions: Given the positive effects of reality therapy on depression in infertile women undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive techniques IUI, This approach to reduce the psychological disorders in this group of women and improving their quality of life is recommended

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Aim and Background: Vaginal delivery is one of the most stressful experiences of a mother's life. Therefore, a significant number of pregnant mothers select cesarean delivery as a method of termination of pregnancy to get rid of these conditions. Since one of the important factors in choosing cesarean in pregnant women is fear of labor pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing the fear of labor pain in the way of the reality therapy on the choice of vaginal delivery in pregnant women. Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design, with control group. The statistical sample of study included 39 pregnant women with gestational age ≥4 weeks in Nowshahr city, in Iran. These women had chosen cesarean section method for the termination of pregnancy and were visited for Midwifery Care in the Urban and Rural Health Centers from December of 2017 to March 2018. The sample was selected targeted non-random method and randomly divided into two experimental (20) and control groups (19). The reality therapy was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minute, twice a week for the experimental group. The. Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire (CAQ) was used for data collection. The data was analyzed using Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: After the intervention, the fear of labor pain in the experimental group was significantly different from that of the control group (p<.05). The scores of fear of labor pain in women who decided to undergo vaginal delivery after the reality therapy showed no significant difference with those who continued to perform cesarean section delivery for termination of pregnancy. Conclusions: The result showed that reality therapy can be used to reduce the fear of childbirth.

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Aim and Background: Burnout in couples is a gradual and rarely sudden process in which intimacy and love are gradually faded and general fatigue becomes evident. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy training on marital burnout in couple with marital conflicts.
Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow up 45 days. The statistical population of this study included all the couple with marital conflicts refer to counseling centers in Karaj city in year 2019-2020 and 14 couple with marital conflicts were considered as the sample size in one experimental groups (7 couple) and control (7 couple). The experimental groups underwent reality therapy training (12 sessions - 90 minutes), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data marital conflicts questionnaire (MCQ) of Barati and Sanaee (1994) and marital burnout questionnaire (MBQ) of Pines (2003). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni).
Findings: Results indicated that reality therapy training, significantly decreased marital burnout in couples, and the results have had enough consistency in the follow-up period, as well (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that reality therapy training can be used as an intervention option in decreasing marital problems.

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Aim and Background: Today, substance use disorders and their serious consequences are associated with many serious medical and psychiatric problems. In this regard, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of positivist psychotherapy and reality therapy on cognitive disorder and relapse anxiety in addicted patients.
Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The study population included all addicts undergoing treatment referred to specialized clinics for substance abuse treatment in Kerman in 2020. Among them, 45 (24 males and 21 females) were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups: 15 in the first experiment, 15 in the second experiment, and 15 in the control group. The first experimental group received a positivist psychotherapy intervention and the second experimental group received William Glasser reality therapy - each treatment - in 8 sessions of 90 minutes (2 sessions per week) as a group; The control group was placed on a waiting list for two months to receive the most effective intervention. In order to collect data, Mason et al.'s (1994) Cognitive Disorder and Anxiety Return Questionnaire was used to collect data. Fisher's analysis of covariance and post hoc tests were used to analyze the data.
Findings: Findings showed that both positivist psychotherapy and reality therapy are effective in reducing cognitive disturbance and relapse anxiety in addicts; However, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of these two treatments on reducing cognitive disturbance and relapse anxiety (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that positivist psychotherapy is more effective than reality therapy on cognitive disturbance and return anxiety to the addicts under treatment. Tarab returned to the addicts under treatment.

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Aim and Background: Today, one of the achievements of the family institution and one of the factors threatening the foundation and center of the family is the conflicts that occur in the relationship between couples. Therefore; the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of localized couple therapy based on marital burnout of conflicting couples in Kermanshah.
Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all couples who referred to Kermanshah Transplant Counseling Center. Statistical sample consisted of 20 conflicting graft pairs that were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instrument was the 21-item Marital burnout Inventory (CBM) questionnaire. Analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS software version 25 was used to analyze the data.
Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test-post-test and pre-test-follow-up stages, which indicates the effectiveness of reality-based education on marital burnout of conflicting couples.
Conclusions: It seems that localized couple therapy based on reality therapy has an effect on marital burnout. It is recommended to do similar research with more samples to increase the external credibility of the research.
 

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Aim and Background: internet addiction is a psychosocial disorder that has had a dramatic effect on the adolescent and young generation in expanding societies, and has important consequences such as emotional turmoil, emotion, aggression, psychosis, adverse interpersonal relationships. The present study aimed at the effectiveness of reality therapy based on the quality of life of adolescents with internet addiction on excitement and peer relationships.
Methods and Materials: In the qualitative stage, it was a phenomenological method, and 15 teenagers were selected and interviewed from among teenagers with Internet addiction under counseling in the counseling centers of Isfahan city. With Claizi's method, 9 main concepts and 33 secondary concepts were extracted and based on them, a reality therapy package based on quality of life was compiled. In the quantitative stage, it was a semi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. 30 teenagers with internet addiction were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received reality therapy intervention based on quality of life during two months in ten sessions of 120 minutes. The questionnaires used included internet addiction, sensation seeking and relationships with peers.
Findings: The results of variance analysis with repeated measurements showed that reality therapy based on quality of life has a significant effect on excitement seeking and relationships with their peers in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.001).
Conclusions: The results showed that quality of life-based reality therapy intervention of adolescents with internet addiction using the principles of quality of life and the theory of choice theory can be used as an effective intervention to improve excitement and relationships with their peers