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Aim and Background: Based on W.H.O documentation deaths in roads encompass 25% of all accidental deaths. There is a general assumption that human factors involves in 70-90% of road accidents, in 60% of cases as main and in 95% as one of the influential factors.   Methods and Materials: In this review article we searched Medline and Cochrane library in the range of 1990-2009 with road accident, road injuries, driving behavior, human factors related to road accidents and psychology of accidents keywords. Findings: In this article the role of human factors on road accidents are divided in two groups of: factors reduce driving ability and factors causing driving high risk behavior. In the following we presented the distribution of human errors in driving based on various demographic variables.  Conclusions: Human factors related to road accident can be divided in two groups of: 1) factors related to human developmental stage and are out of voluntary control of drivers. 2) Factors related to personality style that interact in a complex form and usually co-occurs in a single person. Control of human factors in traffic management needs a comprehensive and multistage approach including general and specific group oriented educations and legal restriction for specific drivers.       

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of training according to quality of life therapy on marital satisfaction in men and women. Methods and Materials: This was a semi experimental research with pretest-posttest and control group. Statistical population of this research included men and women who referred to Alefbay Zendegy counseling center, Isfahan, in spring and summer 2009. Research sample included 32 married men and women who were selected randomly among the participants and were assigned to control and experimental groups. Married men and women in the experimental group were trained according to quality of life therapy style during 8 sessions. The measurement instrument was Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire. Findings: There was a significant difference in marital satisfaction scores between control group and experimental group. This means that quality of life therapy was effective in marital satisfaction of married men and women (P < 0.01). In addition, quality of life therapy was effective in idealistic distortion, marital satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, leisure activities, and religious orientation (P < 0.01). But there was no significant difference between average scores of control group and experimental group in financial management, sexual relationship, children and parenting, family and friends, and equalitarian roles. Conclusions: This study indicated the efficacy of quality of life therapy on marital satisfaction.

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Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to examine the quality curriculum of the Department of Clinical Psychology of Tehran University Medical Science.  Methods and materials: It is a descriptive case study and the sampling comprises MA, PhD students and attending professors of the Department of Clinical Psychology Tehran University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2010-2011 evaluating with an inventory. Findings: Evaluation indicated that fine performances were for management and organizations but not for educational goals such as curricula, educational research, and resources, nor faculty members. The list of priorities of the aforementioned program is: 1- to consider primary curricula 2- to allocate more properties and broaden comprehensive plan to develop clinical psychological studies 3- Go ahead with detailed plan to recruit intellectual faculty members 4- Promote social welfare states for faculty 5- To provide sufficient facilities such as monthly salary, mortgage, and so forth for students to avoid carrying out regular menial jobs out of university thanks to well paying which can be adequate for their cost of living 6- Annual meeting with other clinical psychological school mates and masters for not only better communication but also looking for a solution. Conclusions: We suggest that the current achievement should be considered as a pilot study to evaluate other educational departments, so that we are quite an experience being involved in Iran.  

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Aim and Background: The aim of this research was to examine the effect of positive psychology group training on body image satisfaction in adolescent girl students of Kuhdasht, Iran. Methods and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental research with pre-/post-test design and control group. Applying researcher-made Satisfaction with Body Image Scale (SWBIS), from high Scholl girls with low body image satisfactory, 32 were randomly chosen and divided into two equal groups of experimental and control. Positive psychology group training was presented to experimental group one hour and two times a week during 14 sessions. The control group received no training. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA test. Findings: Body image scores improved at post-test stage in those who received the intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusions: It can be concluded that positive psychology group training was effective on improving body image in adolescent girl students of Kuhdasht.

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Aim and Background: The concept of wisdom and its other equivalents have an important place in Islamic sciences, psychology, and psychiatry because of their determining roles in human health. Therefore, The present study explained and compared this concept in these three resources. Methods and Materials: In this was a review study, after looking up the word "wisdom" in the Arabic, Persian, and English dictionaries, and Quranic Arabic Corpus, the concept was extracted from the perspective of Islamic philosophers, Imams, the Quran, and academic textbooks of psychiatry and psychology. Finally, the common features and points and differences of the concept in the mentioned resources were described. Findings: Wisdom can be described in three perspectives. The Islamic literature has divided wisdom into theoretical and practical and described it as judgment power, preventer of deviation and corruption, the basis of human personality, and a human appraisal criterion in the hereafter. Psychiatry has defined wisdom as having true insight into the self, one’s disorders, and correct judgment in various conditions. In psychological literature, the concept of wisdom is the ability to think and practice based on knowledge, experience, and correct insight. Conclusions: All three resources believe in the gradual evolution of wisdom and consider various factors affecting this evolution. However, in the Islamic view, the concept of the hereafter, as an important and essential concept, has different approaches and perspectives.

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Aim and Background : In recent decades, cancer has been considered by many as the most important cause of mortality in the world, with a large amount of studies in psychology. Theerfore, present study seeks out the effectiveness of positive psychology on pain catastrophizing and life expectancy of women with breast cancer. Methods and Materials: The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group and one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this study included all women with breast cancer who referring to Isfahan Milad Hospital in spring 2015. Thirty of them were selected through available and targeted sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group was 15). Positive psychology interventions were performed on a test group for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, but not given to the control group. The tools used in this study were Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Hope Questionnaire (HQ). Data analysis was done using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures and using SPSS software version 20. Finding: The results of the training and follow up showed that positive psychology interventions had an effect on the life expectancy of women with breast cancer (p<0.05), but did not affect the pain catastrophizing (p>0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, these interventions can increase the life expectancy of women with breast cancer and reflect new horizons in clinical interventions and can be used as effective interventions.

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Aim and Background: Adequate attention to the lifestyle of students and its promotion in building the future of the country is a necessity; therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing and validating an educational package to improve students' lifestyles based on positive psychology and its effectiveness on character capabilities.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a combination and based on a sequential exploratory design - the classification compilation model. To compile the educational package, the word / symbol and theme unit was used in content analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative section included university faculty members, twelve of whom were purposefully selected as a sample size based on the expertise indicators. In order to evaluate the educational package on character capabilities, 34 students were selected by voluntary sampling method in the academic year 2020-2021 and were divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained in nine sessions of 60 minutes. Data obtained from Patterson and Seligman (2004) character competency test were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.
Findings: Based on the findings, 54 factors were identified and classified into three categories of mental, individual and social abilities and were presented as an educational package through a network framework. Also, the educational, package has been able to significantly improve the character capabilities of students (including wisdom, knowledge, excellence, humanity, justice, self-control, and courage).
Conclusions: In general, the findings of this study confirmed the effectiveness of the educational package of lifestyle promotion on students' character capabilities.

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Aim and Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation of executive functions on students' memory.
Materials and Methods: This research is semi-experimental using a computerized Wechsler working memory intelligence test prepared and compiled from the Farakhnai subscale of the Wechsler intelligence scale, which was used to measure working memory. The statistical sample consisted of 20 high school students who were randomly selected from high school boys in Varamin in the academic year of 1400-1999 in public high schools in mathematics, experimental and human subjects. The subjects were in two control groups (10 subjects) and the experiment (10 subjects) were randomly replaced.
Findings: Neuropsychological rehabilitation of executive functions is effective in improving students' auditory memory/forward repetition, auditory memory/reverse repetition, visual memory/forward repetition, visual memory/reverse repetition, auditory memory, visual memory, and auditory memory span. Visual memory of students is not effective. Also, there was a statistically significant increase in the average score of all dimensions of working memory from the time before the intervention to the follow-up period, and only in the visual dimension / reverse repetition of the average before the intervention (p≤0.001).  There was no significance between the two means (p≥0.001).
Conclusion: In general, the results show the effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation of executive functions on students' memory

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Aim and Background: Persistence is one of the capabilities that weakens under the influence of anxiety; But by modifying the parenting style, this ability can be strengthened; Therefore, the aim of present study was to compare the effectiveness of parent management training and positive psychology parenting on the persistence of adolescent girls with anxiety disorders.
Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental. The research community was formed by adolescent girls aged 13 to 15 years with anxiety symptoms who referred to the psychological centers of Isfahan in 2024 with their mothers. From this society, 60 people were selected purposive sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and one control group and pre-test were conducted. The research tools were Duckworth and Quinn (2009) persistence questionnaire and Spielberger (1970) anxiety questionnaire. Mothers in the first experimental group received parenting management training and second experimental group received positive psychology parenting training in the form of 12 weekly 90-minute sessions. The results analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS 26.
Findings: In persistence variable, time factor (p>0.001, F=27.675), group factor (p>0.001, F=10.324) and time and group interaction (p>0.001, F=8.861) F) are significant. Also, in the post-test and follow-up stage, there is no significant difference between the two training groups in the average of the persistence variable (p≤0.05) but there is a significant difference between the experimental groups with the control group
Conclusions: Parental management training and positive psychology parenting are effective interventions to increase the persistence of adolescents with anxiety.