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Abstract Aim and Background: This study aimed at studying the role of incarceration length and HIV/AIDS on severity of psychopathological symptoms in substance abusers. Methods and Materials: In a cross sectional-retrospective study, 43 substance abusers with HIV/AIDS and 49 ones without HIV/AIDS were selected by available and consecutive sampling methods that were under Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) in counseling clinics of behavioral diseases and addiction abandonment. All of them were evaluated respecting matched confounding variables via symptom check list-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results were analyzed by chi-square (χ 2 ), independent t-test, two-variable regression, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: Although the average of incarceration length was higher in substance abusers with HIV/AIDS, the prediction equations of psychological distress severity based on incarceration length indicated the significance and strength of this relationship in substance abusers without HIV/AIDS (P=0.004). However, this relationship was not significant in substance abusers with HIV/AIDS (P=0.061). The effect of history of incarceration and HIV/AIDS was significant on psychological distress severity in both groups (P=0.001, P=0.049, respectively). The interactive effect of each of these factors was not significant on psychological distress severity. While it was significant on depression levels and positive symptoms total (PST). Conclusions: The higher incarceration length has more detrimental role on psychological distress severity in substance abusers without HIV/AIDS. Having both a history of incarceration and HIV/AIDS endangers the mental health of substance abusers. Meanwhile, although substance abusers with HIV/AIDS without incarceration history had higher levels of depression, substance abusers with HIV/AIDS with history of incarceration suffered more from number or higher range of psychological symptoms.

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Aim and Background: Today, diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases. Previous researches indicate the effect of lifestyle on the increased incidence of the disease. The purpose of the study was to assess the efficiency of lifestyle modification training on psychological symptoms and glycemic control among patients with type II diabetes. Methods and Materials: This was an experimental clinical trial with a pretest-posttest design, control group, and follow-up period. The statistical population included all patients with type II diabetes referred to the Glands and Metabolism Research Center in the Medical Science University of Isfahan, Iran, in 2013. Accordingly, a sample of 42 diabetics was selected using convenience sampling and they were randomly allocated to experimental (n = 21) and control (n = 21) groups. The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) and blood test for HbA1c were utilized in pre-test, post-test, and 3 months after the intervention (follow-up). The study was implemented during 6 months. The interventions were performed in the experimental group within 8 weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes for 2 months. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA in SPSS software. Findings: Lifestyle modification training had significant effects on psychological symptoms (on physical complaints, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal obsessive disorder (IOD), depression, anxiety, aggression, paranoid, and melancholia, except phobia), blood sugar levels of patients with type II diabetes at post-test and follow-up stages (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, it can be concluded that lifestyle modification training is effective on the reduction of mean psychological symptoms scores and blood sugar levels in patients with type II diabetes. In addition, planning and holding educational courses according to the educational package of the present study is effective on the improvement of these patients. Thus, it is suggested that the efficacy of this intervention be evaluated in other chronic illnesses. Moreover, the results of this study can be exploited by doctors, nutritionists, counselors, and psychologists.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation training and compassion-based therapy on psychological symptoms and risky behavior in working children.
Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design and control group. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the working children of Ahvaz city in 1400, and to collect data, 45 of the children were selected using a screening interview. They were selected in a purposeful way and after matching based on demographic characteristics in pairs and individuals and randomly assigned to 3 groups of 15 people, (experimental group with emotion regulation training (15 people), experimental group with compassion-based therapy) (15 people) and a control group (15 people) were assigned. At first, all participants completed the depression-anxiety-tension scale (Lavibond and Lavibond, 1995) and the risk-taking scale of Iranian adolescents (Zademohammadi et al., 2019), then the subjects The experimental groups were trained in emotion regulation and compassion-based therapy, while the subjects in the control group did not receive any intervention. After the interventions, all subjects completed the research questionnaires. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance and univariate analysis were used.
Findings: The results showed that emotion regulation training and compassion-based therapy are effective on psychological symptoms and risky behavior (p≥0.05) and as a result of these interventions can reduce psychological symptoms and behavior. Risky work in children. In addition, the results of follow-up tests showed that emotion regulation training had a greater effect on reducing risky behavior in working children compared to compassion-based treatment (p≥0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that both have the same effect on research variables; Although it has had a more lasting effect in the follow-up phase of emotion regulation training

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Aim and Background: This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive analytical therapy in reducing the psychological symptoms of people with borderline personality disorder.
Methods and Materials: This research is applied research based on the goal. Based on the collection and type of data, it was quantitative and cross-sectional in terms of time. In addition, it was a semi-experimental research design in the form of pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical sample of the research was 45 people in a non-random way. They were chosen voluntarily. Multivariate covariance analysis was used in quantitative data and SPSS version 26 statistical program was used.
Findings: The research findings indicated that the scores for Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI) and Self-Harm Thoughts and Behaviors (STB) were higher for individuals who underwent Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) compared to those who underwent Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the Cognitive Analytic approach is more effective than Dialectical Behavior Therapy. Overall, it can be concluded that Cognitive Analytic Psychotherapy, by improving interpersonal relationships, emotional regulation, and self-concept in individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder, helps in reducing impulsive, unplanned, and thoughtless behaviors through a proper patient-therapist relationship, thereby improving the social functioning of these patients.