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Background and Aim: Mood Bipolar Disorders(BD) are associated with unstabilities in patients' interpersonal interactions which in the long term may result in impairments in their social adjustment. Problem solving skills training, both in individual and group settings have been found effective on improving social adjustment. However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of such approaches in social adjustment of patients with BD. This study was carried to assess the efficacy of problem solving skills training in the group setting on improvement of social adjustment in patients suffering BD. Method & Materials: Participants were 45 female patients with BD, aged 25-30 year old who were randomly selected among patients referred to rehabilitation centers of Isfahan in 2006. Participants were randomly assigned to two intervention and one control groups. In the first intervention group only patients received the education but in the second one along with patients, family members separately received the training too. No training was performed for control group. BD diagnosis was confirmed according to two psychiatrists' and the author's diagnostic interviews. In all three groups patients remained on their medications during the study. Wineland Social Adjustment Test were administered to the three groups before the intervention and then interventions groups received problem solving skills training by Hawthorn method in ten sessions. Wineland Social Adjustment test were again administered to patients of the 3 groups after the last intervention session and also later as a follow up post-test. Data were analyzed through SPSS-software using ANCOVA tests. Findings: After intervention, social adjustment mean scores were significantly higher in both intervention groups than in the control group (P Conclusion: Group problem solving skills training can improve social adjustment in patients with BD. This intervention can be considered as a part of these patients' treatment protocol in the long term.

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Aim and Background: The presence of a mentally retarded child in each family affects the structure and mental health of that family, especially the parents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training problem-solving skills on depression and anxiety in mothers of children with mental retardation. Methods and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and follow-up method along with the control group. The study population was mothers of children with mental retardation in Shahrekord City, Iran, in the year 2016. 30 mothers were randomly selected and assigned to two equal groups of experimental and control. The research instruments were as Beck Depression Inventory second edition (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). First, both groups were given pretest; then, experimental group was trained for 7 sessions of 2 hours twice a week according to training problem-solving skills; and after training, posttest was taken from both groups. Data were analyzed using covariance method. Findings: Compared with the control group, problem-solving skills reduced depression and anxiety among experimental group (P < 0.050). Problem-solving skills reduced depression and anxiety in mothers of children with mental retardation with covariance changes of 71.9 and 72.7 percent, respectively. Conclusions: Training problem-solving skill can be used as an effective educational program to decrease depression and anxiety in mothers of children with mental retardation.

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Aim and Background: Among the professions, teacher's job can be described as experiencing excessive stress and exhaustion. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationship between social problem solving styles and quality of work life among the teachers of exceptional children schools. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population included all teachers of exceptional children schools in Guilan Province, Iran, during the first semester of the educational year of 2016-2017. 250 teachers were selected via convenience sampling method. The study tools included Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Quality of Work Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: Positive significant indirect effect of efficient problem solving dimension on quality of work life was approved (β = 0.297, P < 0.01). Therefore, it was concluded that perceived stress mediated the relationship between efficient problem solving and teachers’ quality of work life. Conclusions: Effective social problem solving, as a result of increasing endurance and logical solving of problems, may reduce the perception of everyday stress in teachers, and improve the quality of their professional life.

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Aim and Background: Social developments in the past few decades globally, the family system has faced many changes, challenges and issues and by degrading the biological, social, cognitive and emotional functions of the family and gradually reducing the satisfaction of family members, causing psychosocial disruption and increasing cases such as tendency Divorced. The aim of this study was to Structural Equivalence Modeling of Divorce Tendency with Emphasis on Communication Skills, Conflict Resolution, and Marital Problems.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population of the study included all couples in Kashan, 383 of whom were studied using cluster sampling method and data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The instruments used were Qaderzadeh et al.'s Divorce Tendency Scales (2012), Rahim Conflict Resolution Scale (1983) and Communication Skills and Problem Solving Scale by Yarmohammadi Vasel et al. (2010).
Findings: Findings showed that communication skills, problem solving and conflict resolution and marital conflicts have a significant and inverse relationship with the tendency to divorce (P <0.05). Also, communication skills were related to the tendency to divorce through problem solving skills and conflict resolution skills and marital conflicts (P <0.05. (P analysis of the relationship between indicators showed that problem solving skills have the most direct impact). (-0.34) and general (-0.40) on the tendency to divorce and the most indirect effect on the tendency to divorce has belonged to communication skills (-0.09).
Conclusions: Interactions between couples and the reduction of issues that ultimately lead to conflict between husband and wife reduce the desire for divorce.

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Aim and Background: Children and teenagers are of a particular importance in every society, and a care for their mental health makes them healthy both mentally and physically, and enable them to play their social parts better in the future. The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the coping power program on family problem solving, parental authority, and social information processing and emotional awareness of maladjusted children aged 9-13
Methods and Materials: The method of semi experimentation, with a pretest-post test scheme and a judge group, was a 45 day follow up; the statistical population comprised all the irregulars of 9-13 in the school year 1402-1401 of isfahan; and out of this statistical population, 40 students and parents who were qualified for the purpose of research, were accidentally put into two testing groups and one judge group, each group containing 20 people. The research tools included Rutter's Teacher Form Behavioral Questionnaire (1967), Ahmadi et al.'s Family Problem Solving (2008), Jan Buri's Parental Authority (1991), Turkaspa and Bryan's Social Information Processing (1994), and Reif et al.'s Emotional Awareness (2007). In addition, the coping power program of Luckman. (2003) was implemented during 10 sessions of 60 minutes for parents and 10 sessions of 45 minutes for children. While the group did not receive a training certificate. The data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk tests and analysis of variance with repeated measures at a significance level of 5%.
Findings: The results showed that the coping power program had a significant effect on family problems, parental authority, social information processing and emotional awareness (P<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the findings of the research, it can be said that coping power program is suitable for maladjusted children