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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Aim and Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the anxiety disorders that traumatic events posed as a causal factor for it. Because emergency nurses and fire fighter workers were exposed to traumatic events more than other people. Then the present research was conducted in other to determine prevalence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder in emergency hospital nurses and fire department workers in the uremia city. Method and Materials: This research was conducted by cross–sectional method with 100 emergency nurses and 100 fire fighter workers who were selected randomly. Each of samples was tested individually by Mississippi posttraumatic stress disorder scale at the occupational place. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 15 with descriptive statistic and multiple regression test. Findings: The result showed that 14 percent of hospital emergency nurses and 8 percent of fire department workers diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. From demographic variables, age negatively predicted disorder prevalence, namely disorder prevalence decreased with increased in age. Also marriage situation related to disorder prevalence. In this research, there were not significantly relationship between Gender and educational level and posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence. Conclusions: Results revealed that emergency nurses and fire department workers are being at risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. This problem suggests the necessity of coping skills training for this people.

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Aim and Background: In this systematic review, virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) was introduced and its effect on anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were studied. VRET has some advantages, compared to in vivo and imaginal exposure therapies, including greater safety and controllability. Thus, it has been introduced as a novel therapeutic method for the recovery and reconstruction of traumatic emotional experiences. Methods and Materials: Two databases of ScienceDirect and PubMed were searched for this review. As a result, 39 interventional studies in which VRET was applied for treating anxiety disorders and PTSD were retrieved. Findings: Results showed VRET had a positive effect on anxiety disorders, including specific and social phobia, panic disorder and agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder, in post-treatment assessments. Moreover, VRET had similar positive effects to that of current effective psychotherapies, including in vivo exposure therapy and cognitive behavior therapy. Results of the literature review indicated that VRET is effective in cognitive, behavioral, and physiological levels. Moreover, the positive effects of VRET often persist during long-term follow-ups. Conclusions: VRET can be a part of the treatment process of anxiety disorders and PTSD. Further studies in this respect are recommended.