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Background and Aim: Some personality characteristics have been associated with success orientedness and may play a role in eliciting, organizing and perpetuating behaviors which pave the way toward success. Also personality characteristics have been found to influence in tendency to and capacity of group directorship and management. Little is known about those relationships in our socio-cultural background. This study aimed to examine the relationship between personality characteristics and occupational success in the managers of a governmental organization. Method & Materials: Eighty managers were selected among senior managers of a governmental organization through simple randomization. Occupational Success Scale were administered and based on their scores on this scale, participants were then assigned to two 30-person groups of namely successful and unsuccessful managers. Cattle Personality Scale as well as Occupational Success Scale was administered to all participants. Findings: The mean age of participants was 40. Most of them had a bachelor's degree of education. No correlation was found between demographic characteristics and occupational success. Successful managers had a significantly higher mean score of self-control and nonsignificantly higher mean scores of warmth, emotional stability, superego strength, social assertiveness, delicacy & self-efficiency. They also had a significantly lower mean score of dependence. Both groups of managers had high mean scores of extroversion and this was nonsignificantly higher in successful managers. Both groups had also low mean scores of anxiety. Conclusion: Some personality characteristics like self-control and lower levels of dependency are associated with occupational success in managers. These factors can be considered in the process of managers' employment and also in their continuous education programs.

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Background & Aim: Although socio-economic variables are widely used for describing the tourist&#039;s behavior, but increasing awareness is evident in current researches that personality characteristics might also be useful for that purpose. In this regard, the present study compares the personality characteristics of Iranian tourists with those of non tourists. Method and Materials: In a causal comparative study, 150 tourists and 150 non tourists were selected through an accessible sampling method. They were then administered NEO- Five Factor Inventory and of Zuckerman&#039;s Sensation Seeking Scale-Form V (SSS-V). Data were analyzed using independent t-student test and MANOVA. Results: The findings indicated that the two groups were significantly different regarding the sensation seeking, extroversion and openness characteristics (P < 0.0001). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding other personality characteristics (i.e. neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness). Conclusion: The findings provide empirical support for the proposition that personality characteristics may influence tourism.  

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Many studies have demonstrated the role of psychosocial and behavioral risk factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Previous studies have shown relationships between some personality characteristics and the risk for coronary heart diseases.&nbsp; Recently, a new personality construct, the type D or &lsquo;distressed&#039; personality, has been proposed. Type D personality is characterized by the joint tendency to experience negative emotions and to inhibit these emotions while avoiding social contacts with others. Type D personality may be identified by using the scales measuring global personality traits. Some evidences confirm the role of heritability in development of type-D personality. The findings of various studies indicate that type-D personality is an independent risk factor of psychological distress, heart diseases, adverse clinical prognosis in cardiac patients and increased mortality. Evidence confirms the relationship between type-D personality and cardiovascular reactivity, HPA dysregulation leading to elevated serum levels of cortisol, and psycho-neuro-immunological processes. These alterations may be factors which mediate the association between type-D personality and clinical outcome in cardiac patients. Identification of cardiac patients with type-D personality and application of psychological interventions in their rehabilitation would be needed. In addition, type-D personality may be a personality construct to be considered not only in cardiovascular diseases but also in other psychosomatic disorders.&nbsp;

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Aim and Background: The topic of Internet Addiction has continued to be hotly debated in the research discussion list. This study aimed to explore the path analysis of relationship between personality traits and internet addiction with quality of life and with internet addiction of users in reliable Coffee-nets in Isfahan city. Method and Materials: In this correlation research, the target population included all of users in Coffee-nets of Isfahan. With the use of multistage cluster sampling, 300 Coffee-net users were selected. Instruments used in this research were: Yang addiction of internet (1999) and WHOQOL-BREF (2005) and short version of personality traits (NEO-PI) (2005). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis by LISREL 8.5 . Findings: Total internet addiction was negatively related to three of the Big Four traits; extroversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness (P < 0.01). Finally conceptual framework was drawn by LISERE 8.5 . GFI test confirmed the conceptual framework factors and their interaction and correlation by calculating GFI (GFI = 0.91). Conclusions: The results indicated that conceptual framework was confirmed. It was found that personality traits significantly influence users&rsquo; internet addictions and quality of life; and internet addiction significantly impacts users&rsquo; quality of life.

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Aim and Background: It is estimated that Coronary heart diseases (CHD) will be the major cause of mortality by the year 2020. The traditional factors such as age, genetics, smoking and obesity, account only half of the variance in CHD.&nbsp; Therefore, regarding increasing concern about the psychosocial factors, the purpose of present study was to evaluate the role of personality, stress and social support in predicting CHD. Methods and Materials: In this correlative study, patients with CHD referred to Shahid Rajaee cardiology hospital for cardiac angiography through winter 2008 to spring 2009 in Tehran, were selected by convenience sampling method. 150 age, gender, marital status and education matched healthy individuals from families of patients were selected as control group. The inclusion criteria included absence of acute conditions such as the need for surgery, having had the willingness and ability to cooperate. Data collected using The NEO-FFI personality questionnaire, Pickle&#039;s stressful life events scale and Pierce&#039;s social relation quality scale. Obtained data analyzed by logistic regression method. Findings: Studied psychosocial variables predicted 51.9- 69.2 % of CHD variance. The classification accuracy (patient and healthy) which was performed by cardiologist based on psychosocial variables was 84.3%, with 82% and 86.7% predicting accuracy for illness and healthiness. Neuroticism, extroversion, stress and interpersonal conflicts had a positive correlation with illness and a negative correlation with healthiness, but conscientiousness and openness to experience had positive correlation with illness and negative correlation with healthiness. Conclusions: In general, it seems that psychosocial factors specially personality, stress and social support have an important role in predicting CHD.

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Aim and Background: Cognitive investigations of emotional disorders proposed that cognitive biases have at least a role as maintenance factors in psychopathology. This study aimed to compare the styles of attribution in a group of students with borderline personality traits and a normal group. Methods and Materials: This was a cross-sectional survey. Through stratified random sampling, 330 students from Azerbaijan University of Tarbiat Moallem were selected and screened by borderline personality questionnaire (Jacson and Claridge). Then, 30 cases were selected as the borderline group and 30 as the normal group. They were tested using the Style Attribution Questionnaire (Seligman et al.). Data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance. Findings: The results showed that in comparison with the normal group, the attributions of people with borderline traits were more external, stable and global for negative events and more external and unstable for positive events. However, scores of the two groups in the dimensions of globality/specificity for positive events were not significantly different. Conclusions: Application of external attribution style in positive and negative situations in the present study indicates the role of projection defense mechanism and paranoid thinking in causal explanations made by people with borderline traits. Similarity of stability/instability dimension of attribution styles between depressed people and people with borderline traits could be due to the relationship between depression disorder and borderline traits. In addition, the similarity in attribution styles between individuals with borderline and schizotypal traits for negative situations in each of the three dimensions may be caused by the common characteristics among these groups.

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Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to determine the statistical correlation between personality characteristics and spiritual intelligence in a group of students of Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran. Methods and Materials: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in 2010-2011. A total number of 284 (130 males and 154 females) undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD students of Isfahan University were selected by cluster random sampling method. The participants were evaluated using NEO Personality Inventory and a spiritual intelligence scale. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients and regression analysis. Findings: Among the five personality factors, neuroticism had a negative correlation with spiritual intelligence (P < 0.001). In contrast, spiritual intelligence was positively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (P < 0.001). Multiple correlations were also found between the three mentioned factors and spiritual intelligence (F = 16.63). . Conclusions: This study indicated the role of personality characteristics in spiritual intelligence. Among the five personality factors, extraversion, agreeableness and above all conscientiousness were predictors of spiritual intelligence. Therefore, personality characteristics need to be evaluated as predictors of spiritual intelligence.

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Aim and Background: The present study examined the predictability of quality of life (QOL) based on personality traits and demographic characteristics of drug addicts. Methods and Materials: In the current descriptive, cross-sectional study, 200 individuals were randomly selected from addicts who referred to drug addiction treatment centers in Tehran (Iran). The World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) and the short version of Cloninger&#039;s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were completed by the participants. The collected data was analyzed using Pearson&#039;s correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. Findings: Personality traits of self-directedness, persistence, and employment status explained 33% of variance of the total QOL score. Self-directedness and persistence explained 16% of the variance of physical subscale of QOL. Self-directedness, reward dependence, and employment status explained 34% of the variance of psychological subscale of QOL. Self-directedness and employment status explained 20% and 26% of the variance of social and environmental subscales of QOL, respectively. The mentioned factors could significantly predict QOL. Conclusions: Improving self-directedness and reward dependence along with decreasing persistence and unemployment would reduce QOL in drug addicts.

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Aim and Background: It appears that depressed people have low self-compassion and forgiveness due to having negative attitudes. In order to test this hypothesis, the current study investigated the role of self-compassion and forgiveness in the prediction of depression severity among university students. Methods and Materials: In a correlational study during 2010-11, 136 individuals were randomly selected from all students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University (Ardabil, Iran). The participants filled out depression, self-compassion, and forgiveness questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using Pearson&#039;s correlation test and multiple regression analysis in SPSS 18 . Findings: Self-compassion and forgiveness were negatively correlated with depression. In addition, self-compassion and forgiveness explained 16% and 20% of the variance of depression, respectively. Conclusions: Self-compassion and forgiveness are two positive personality traits that decrease the probability of depression.

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Aim and Background: Internet access is a growing phenomenon. With increasing and widespread access to Internet, dependency to Internet is observed among the youth. This research aimed to compare personality characteristics and identity styles in Internet addicted and non-addicted students. Methods and Materials: This was a causal-comparative research carried out in the educational years 2011-2012. The statistical community of the research contained all the dormitory male students resided in Tehran University dormitory (about 6000 students). 380 students were selected via random sampling based on Morgan table. According to the population of each dormitory, related questionnaires were distributed and fulfilled, so that by referring to each one of the student rooms, questionnaires were delivered and collected after about 20 minutes. The study tools included Young`s Internet Addiction Test (IAD), Personality Inventory (NEO), and Berzonsky Identity Styles Inventory (ISI-6). In order to analyze data in two descriptive and analytic levels, statistic t-test was utilized. Findings: Results indicated that in terms of personality characteristics, there is a difference between Internet addicted and non-addicted students, so that neuroticism was in a higher level for Internet addicted students than for non-addicted ones. As well, the three variables of extroversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness were in a higher level for Internet non-addicted students than for addicted ones. There was, however, no difference between the two groups in terms of personality characteristics of openness to experience. There was also a meaningful difference between the two groups in terms of identity variables. Informational style was in a higher level for Internet non-addicted students than for addicted ones. As well, normative style and diffuse-avoidant style was in a higher level for Internet addicted students than for non-addicted ones. Conclusions: There is, in terms of personality characteristics and identity style, a difference between Internet addicted and non-addicted students.

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Aim and Background: High prevalence of borderline personality disorder and its harmful social, health and economic consequences highlights the importance of studying this disorder and its underlying factors. The present study aimed to investigating behavioral-brain systems of individuals with borderline disorder and its discriminative aspects of these systems in patients and healthy controls. Methods and Materials: Thus 30 patients who admitted to Razi Hospital (Tabriz, Iran), completed the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), behavioral activation system (BAS) questionnaire by Carver and White (BIS/BAS scales). Control group consisted of 30 subjects without any mental disorder history. Findings: Results from multi-variant regression analysis showed that the two groups had statistically significant differences in BAS, BIS and sensation seeking scale (P < 0.01). Among these factors, sensation seeking scale with Wilks&rsquo; lambda = 0.42 and BAS with Wilks&rsquo; lambda = 0.53 had statistically significant role in discrimination between the two groups. Conclusions: Hyperactivity of BIS caused a permanent anxiety and negative emotions experienced by borderline patients and hyperactivity of BAS could be the underlying reason of impulsivity, which is the core component of borderline personality disorder. According to other studies in the field of bio-neural factors effects in development of borderline personality disorder, this study can help to improve our understanding of disorder and therefore help to improve developing accurate methods to predict the possibility of disorder. In addition, it will help us to develop methods for primary prevention and developing more effective therapy methods.

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Abstract Aim and Background: Type A individuals are more likely to suffer problems due to certain worldviews that job. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stress management therapy based on cognitive-behavior therapy on type A personality in industrial company employees Methods and Materials: This is study a quasi-experimental. population in this study included all Personnel of industrial Company, that company was registered in 1390, from among employees of the company were 500 people were randomly selected that basis on their respond to type a personality inventory. The final sample included 30 men who were selected randomly among 500 men with score upper one standard deviation from mean. The men were divided randomly into two groups (experimental and control). First performed Type A and job stressors inventories as pretest, then 10 sessions of group therapy of stress management based on cognitive-behavior therapy carried out. The data resulted from the research were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings: The results showed that both experimental and control groups after implementation of stress management indicates that there is a significant difference in the type A behavior pattern. Also, between the two groups in terms of type A and type A non-morbid disease so there is significant difference in stress management. Conclusions: Stress management training technique cognitive - behavioral is effective in modifying behavior patterns type A, and thereby can be psychological and occupational problems related to this type of personality in reduced staff.

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Abstract Aim and Background: Sulloway suggested that birth-order has a significant effect on personality traits, proposing first-borns children are more perfectionistic and more neurotic than later-borns. In abnormal form, perfectionism is closely associated with eating disorders and obsessive compulsive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of birth-order on perfectionism, pathological eating attitude, obsessive compulsive features, and obsessive compulsive personality. Methods and Materials: This study was a post facto research. The statistical population of the research comprised of male and female undergraduate students in Tabriz and Sarab branches of Payam e Noor, and Azarbayjan universities in the academic year 1390-91. A group of 790 university students, using Stratified random sampling method, took part in this research. Participants answered to The Perfectionism Inventory, Eating Attitude test (EAT-26), Obsessive Compulsive Inventory- Revised (OCI-R) & Millons obsessive compulsive personality scale. Data were analyzed using correlational coefficient and one way analysis of covariance. Findings: There are no significant differences on perfectionism, pathological eating attitude, obsessive compulsive disorder, and obsessive compulsive personality among first, middle and late born. Conclusions: Sulloways theory and the effect of birth order on personality traits are not approved.&nbsp;

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Abstract Aim and Background: Primary maladaptive schemas are&nbsp; main pattern of many personality disorders, comparison of primary maladaptive schemas can prepare a strong credit for schematherapy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the dominant schemas and comparison of early maladaptive schemas in avoidant personality disorders patients and normal individuals. &nbsp; Methods and Materials: In this cross sectional study, 90 &nbsp;avoidant personality disorders patients & normal individuals have been chosen (45 in each group). Collecting information tool was the short form of the Young Schema Questionnaire and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. After collecting information, data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance Findings: Our findings indicated that there was a significant difference between early maladaptive schemas in avoidant personality disorders patients and normal individuals. Also, The avoidant personality disorders group had significantly higher scores on most maladaptive schemas with the Disconnection and Rejection, Impaired Autonomy, Impaired Limits, Over-Vigilance (P<0.001) and Other- Directedness (P=0.007) as compared to the control group. &nbsp; Conclusions: This study showed that the early maladaptive schemas are inefficient on the avoidant personality disorders patients. With the identification early maladaptive schemas before getting an avoidant personality disorder and Measurement of the schemas, can be done an appropriate intervention strategies to reduce the scheme. &nbsp;

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Abstract Aim and Background: The Zuckerman &ndash; Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire is an instrument measuring personality traits. It is designed according to Zuckerman&rsquo;s Alternative Five Factor Personality Model (FFM). The present research aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of a version of the Zuckerman &ndash; Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire which contains 50 items. Method and Materials: The research design was descriptive correlational. The sample, including 508 individuals (308 females and 200 males), were selected and tested via stratified random sampling from among the students of Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University. To analyze the factor structure of the questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis method was used and its principal components were examined. Discriminant and Concurrent validity and Test-Retest reliability, Alpha Cronbach, Split-Half and ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) were&nbsp; also used. &nbsp; Findings: Questionnaire&rsquo;s Test-Retest reliability coefficient&nbsp; proved to be 0.79. Alpha Cronbach, Split-Half coefficient, and ICC proved to be 0.64, 0.68 and 60/0 (p<0.000) respectively. The five following factors were extracted via exploratory factor analysis with Varimax Rotation: Neuroticism &ndash; Anxiety, Sensation Seeking, Activity, Sociability and Aggression &ndash; Hostility. Concurrent Validity of the Questionnaire has been studied through correlational analysis with EPQ. The Results demonstrated a correlation between ZKPQ-50-CC and EPQ. The result of discriminant validity demonstrated that ZKPQ and its factors (except the Activity factor) could thoroughly distinguish those who obtained high mark from those who obtained low mark in N,E,P factors of Eysenck&#039;s questionnaire. Conclusions: The Results indicate that the Zuckerman &ndash; Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ-50-CC) enjoys desirable psychometric properties in Iranian society and can be used in psychological researches.

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Abstract Aim and Background: Purpose of this study is evaluating and comparing clinical patterns personalities in suicide attempters and normal group. Methods and Materials: This causal &ndash; comparative expost facto research base study preformed on totally 90 suicide attempters, 18 to 21 years age. The study uses the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory . Multi &ndash; variable variance method is used; and the SPPSS19 soft ware is applied for data analysis. Findings: Statistics results show that there are a meaningful relation between all studied groups in all clinical pattern personalities scales (P<0.001), except for clinical Obsessive&ndash;Compulsive and Aggressive (Sadistic) personalities. The most meaningful difference among groups is more prevalent in clinical depressive disorder pattern. Conclusions: Suicide attempters have more abnormal clinical pattern personalities than normal group &nbsp;

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Abstract Aim and Background: Infidelity is a damaging Problem in couples Relationships That routed in different factors, But don’t exist no modeling for Its Explanation.  This study investigated the infidelity structural equation model based on attachment styles, personality dimensions, and marital satisfaction was conducted. Methods and Materials: His study implements correlational design. For this purpose, 270 students were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Then, they completed the infidelity scale, attachment styles, personality dimensions and marital satisfaction questionnaires. The data was analyzed by using structural equation modeling with SPSS 18 and AMOS 18. Findings: The final model that also showed a good fit to the data indicated that secure attachment through the satisfaction had a significant negative effect on infidelity (effect indirect = 0.09, P < 0.01). Avoidant attachment style is also mediated by the satisfaction have effect on infidelity (indirect effect = 0.10, P < 0.01). Indirect effect of neuroticism (indirect effect = 0.14, P < 0.01) and extraversion (indirect effect = 0.08, P < 0.01) by mediatory role of satisfaction was positive. Agreeableness (indirect effect = 0.07, P < 0.05) and accountability (indirect effect = 0.08, P < 0.01) through satisfaction could also have a significant negative effect on the infidelity. Also Neuroticism (direct effect = 0.22, P < 0.01), extroversion (direct effect = 0.23, P < 0.01), the desire to experience (direct effect = 0.16, P < 0.01) is directly and positively, and responsibility as directly and negatively (direct effect = -0.16, P < 0.01) were effective against infidelity. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that attachment styles, personality dimensions and marital satisfaction are important in the marital infidelity. Therefore these Results can be used in prevention, Etiology and Therapy of Infidelity.  

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Aim and Background: The differences in personality traits are due to cultural dissimilarities. The purpose of the current study was the evaluation of personality traits in the Iranian culture. Methods and Materials: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 4342 Iranian adolescents. The participants were selected through cluster sampling from 12 provinces of Iran. The NEO Five-Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI) was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using multivariate MANOVA. &nbsp; Findings: Significant differences were observed between the two genders in all personality traits. Moreover, there were significant differences between personality traits of different ethnic groups in Iran (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings showed that culture, climate, and ethnicity can affect personality traits of the Iranian population. &nbsp;

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Aim and Background : In recent decades, culture and personality have been the focus of many psychologists and anthropologists around the world. Many studies have been conducted regarding this topic in the West; however, despite the various cultures and ethnicities in Iran, this subject has been overlooked by Iranian researchers. Thus, the present study aims to draw a comparison between borderline and schizotypal personality traits and their components among Fars, Turk, Kurd, and Lur students. Methods and Materials : This causal-comparative study was conducted on 200 students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The participants were selected through convenience sampling and completed the Borderline Personality (STB) and Schizotypal Personality (STA) Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using MANOVA. &nbsp; Findings : No significant difference was observed between the ethnic groups in terms of borderline and schizotypal personality traits (P < 0.05). Among the components of schizotypal and borderline personality traits, respectively, magical thinking and disappointment differed significantly among the ethnic groups (P < 0.01). In terms of magical thinking, Kurd and Turk students, compared to Fars and Lur students, gained higher scores. . In addition, in terms of the component of disappointment, there was only a significant difference between Kurd and Turk students; Kurd students obtained higher scores in comparison to Turk students. Conclusions : Based on these results, it can be concluded that ethnicity can affect personality. However, further studies are required in this area across Iranian ethnic groups.

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Aim and Background: The present study aimed to investigate the role of meta-cognitive beliefs, personality type D, and psychological well-being in the prediction of symptoms severity in psoriasis. Methods and Materials : This was a descriptive correlational study. The research population consisted of all individuals who referred to skin clinics in Kermanshah, Iran, for the treatment of psoriasis in 3014. The participants consisted of 115 individuals who were selected through convenience sampling. Among the participants, 51 were men. After the completion of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) by a physician, the Type D personality scale, Ryff&rsquo;s Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire, the Meta-Cognition Questionnaire (Cartwright Hutton and Wales) were completed by the subjects. Findings: Meta-cognitive beliefs and type D personality had a significant negative relationship with psychological well-being. Moreover, meta-cognitive beliefs and personality type D predict the severity of psoriasis symptoms through the reduction of psychological well-being. Conclusions: The enhancement of individual well-being in all its components through appropriate psychological training interventions can help to speed up the treatment of patients with this disease.