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Introduction: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of Meta Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MCBT) on reducing self-punishment behaviors in patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).  Methods: In this clinical trial study, One hospital (Shahid Rajaie) was selected from the two psychiatric hospitals for war veterans in Isfahan through multi stage cluster sampling. Thirty subjects were then randomly selected from the war veterans with PTSD referred to this hospital and were randomly assigned to one experimental and one control group. Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) was then administerd to both groups as pretest. Afterward the experimental group received Meta-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MCBT) in 8 weekly sessions as well as drug therapy while the control group received only drug therapy. Post-tests were then administered to both groups once immediately afterward and then 2 months later.  Findings: Results showed that MCBT was followed by a significant decrease in self-punishment (P Discussion: This intervention is believed to reduce self- punishment by facilitating transmission from the object mode to the metacognitive mode and enhancing the efficient and flexible coping skills. 

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE FA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Aim & Background: This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between depression and Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) with Meta Cognitive beliefs in female university students. Method and Materials: This was a correlation analytical study executed on the female students of psychology studying at psychology and education school of Isfahan University in 2007-2008. Thirty students were randomly selected. The instruments used for data collection included the Meta Cognition Questionnaire (MCQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), as well as a researcher-made questionnaire for assessment of Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS). Data was analyzed using the SPSS-13 software and the regression analysis method Findings A significant correlation was found between the mean scores of the negative Meta Cognitive beliefs subscale (referring to the beliefs of dangerousness and uncontrollability of worry) with the mean scores of PMS (p Conclusion: Meta Cognition may play a role in development and perpetuation of PMS and depression in women.

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Aim and Background: Antisocial behaviors occur in a wide range and cause different psychological, social and familial pathologies. Different methods were used to reduce antisocial behaviors. The aim of this research was to study the metacognitive components in antisocial youth of Urmia Central Prison and the effect of metacognitive components instruction in reduction of antisocial behaviors. Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental study 30 young adults with antisocial personality disorder in Urmia Central Prison were selected randomly. They were randomly classified in case and control groups. After Wells and Cartwright-Hatton metacognitive inventories were completed by the two groups, metacognitive components were instructed in 8 sessions to the case group. The post-test was conducted on all subjects. Finally the case group was investigated in different situations by a checklist prepared by the researchers. The data was analyzed using t-test, covariance analysis and chi-square test. Findings: Data analysis showed that metacognitive components in antisocial youth were disordered. They also indicated that instruction could significantly correct the problems (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in metacognitive dimensions among the case and control groups in post-test (P > 0.01). Conclusions: These results showed that metacognitive dimensions of antisocial youth are disordered and instruction of metacognitive dimensions has positive effect in their behavior correction.

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Aim and Background: Mind wandering and deviation from attention to work at present is common among adolescents and has negative consequences. The purpose of this study was to compare metacognitive therapy and its techniques (attention training, Situational attention refocusing), and acceptance and commitment therapy on the mind wandering adolescents.
Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design and the statistical population included 20837 adolescent girls in second grade secondary schools of Karaj in the academic year 1396-1397. A randomized multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 70 people who had the lowest score in the amount of wandering mindedness based on the measurement tool of the wandering minds. They were randomly assigned to five groups based on the criteria of the research. they got. Metacognitive Therapy, Attention training, Situational attention refocusing and Acceptance and Commitment therapy during 10 sessions a weekly, 90-minute test was performed individually for experimental groups. The collected data were entered into SPSS-23 software and a statistical method to analyze data from mixed analysis of variance is used.
Findings: The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that all four treatments were effective in reducing adolescent mind wandering and the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy was more than other treatments (P <0.01). This effect was also sustained at the 3-month follow-up.
Conclusions: Meta-cognitive therapy enables the adolescent to communicate with their mind wandering in a different way so that they are able to separate themselves from the mind wandering.

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Aim and Background: One of the common emotions in people suffering from mood and anxiety disorders is anger syndrome. The main concern for those suffering from anxiety disorders whose performance in various activities is impaired is self-harming anger and sometimes suicide. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy on anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders.
Methods and Materials: It was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up design. All the patients with anxiety disorders referred to specialized psychological centers in Tehran city in 2022 constituted the statistical population of the study. 45 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and replaced by random assignment in three equal groups of 15 people. respectively, cognitive-behavioral therapy (Leahy et al., 2009) and metacognitive therapy (Wells and Fisher, 2015) were applied in 10 sessions, 1 session per week and each session for 1 hour in the subjects of the experimental groups. but the control group did not receive treatment intervention. In addition to the demographic information checklist, researcher-made form, data collection was done with state-trait aggression questionnaire. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS statistical software number 26.
Findings: The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy were effective in reducing symptoms of state anger, trait anger, and occurrence of anger and increasing symptoms of anger control at the end of treatment and after a three-month follow-up. the three-month follow-up results of the interventions also showed the stability of the treatment. also, the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been more effective in improving the scores of anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders than metacognitive therapy (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on this, it can be stated that both cognitive-behavioral and metacognitive methods are beneficial in improving anger indicators in people with anxiety disorders. Also, the existence of the behavioral activation session can be the reason for the superiority of cognitive-behavioral therapy.