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Aim and Background: Appropriate and comprehensive response to problems and needs of mental health services requires to employ participatory approaches. Therefore, this literature review study aimed to assess interprofessional collaboration as one of the beneficial methods of delivering mental health services. Methods and Materials: In this review study, data was collected by searching electronic resources including Google search engine and scientific databases as well as searching printed library resources. Findings: The results showed that various studies have depicted many benefits for the complex concept of interprofessional collaboration. The beneficial effects of the approach were found to be related to receiving more sophisticated services by the clients and also to improved health professionals' satisfaction and facilitated services. Conclusions: considering the importance of interprofessional collaboration in mental health services, it is necessary for health sciences students and health professionals to get ready to employ the approach.

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Aim and Background: Discovering factors associated with mental health of the elderly is an interesting subject in the psychology of aging. This study investigated the relationships of spiritual well-being, existential well-being, and hardiness with mental health in the elderly. Methods and Materials: This descriptive-correlational research was conducted on the elderly living in the nursing home of Ardabil (Iran). One hundred individuals were randomly selected. Data was collected using questionnaires about spiritual well-being, hardiness, and mental health. The collected data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Findings: Spiritual well-being had significant negative associations with anxiety, depression, and social dysfunction. However, it had a positive significant relation with hardiness. Existential well-being had significant negative relations with somatization, anxiety, depression, and social dysfunction. Its relation with hardiness was positive and significant. Finally, hardiness had significant negative associations with anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Mental health of the elderly can be predicted by spiritual well-being, existential well-being, hardiness, and age. The results of this study imply the importance of spiritual well-being and hardiness in maintaining mental health of the elderly.

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Aim and Background: In recent decades, changes in marital patterns and lifestyles have lead to conflicts between couples, which affects their sense of psychological security and attachment to one another. In such environments, anxiety and depressive disorders are common and may lead to loss of satisfaction of marital life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between couple's general health and marital satisfaction. Method and Materials: This was a descriptive, correlational study. One hundred 25-45 year old male employees of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, with high school to Bachelor degrees, were selected with c onvenience sampling in 2009. The GHQ-28 and Marital satisfaction Questionnaires were given to them. Data were analyzed by hierarchical regression and correlation between subscales of the questionnaires. Findings: We used hieratical regression in order to predict marital satisfaction by mental health status. Results showed that increase in depression subscale causes a decrease in attraction subscale of marital satisfaction. Moreover, increase in depression was associated with decrease in rapport subscale of marital satisfaction. Increase in anxiety and depression was associated with attitude subscale of marital satisfaction. Increase in bodily factors was associated with increase in investment, but increase in anxiety and depression was associated with decrease in investment. Analyzed results indicate that about 28% of employees were suspected of having brief mental disorders; no relation between age, years of service, birth order and general health were found. In addition there were significant differences between educational level and marital satisfaction. Correlation between age, intimacy, investment attitudes and satisfaction was significant. On the other hand, simultaneous with increase in age and appearance of burnout, marital satisfaction was significantly reduced. Conclusions: Result showed that subscales of marital satisfaction including attraction, rapport, attitude, and investment were associated with bodily factors, depression and anxiety subscales of mental health, and that we can predict marital satisfaction through mental health factors.

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Aim and Background: This meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between mental health and social support in Iran. Methods and Materials: In order to assess the relationship between mental health and social support, eight eligible studies with acceptable methodology were selected. Findings: The effect size of the relationship between mental health and social support in Iran was 0.369. Conclusions: Since the effect size of the relationship between mental health and social support in Iran was higher than moderate, social support needs to be strengthened in the country.

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  Aim and Background:  The purpose of this study was comparison of forgiveness and its components together with mental health in normal and ongoing divorce couples in Isfahan. Materials and Methods:The population is consisted of couples who lived in Isfahan city in 1387 (2009). 100 normal couples were selected randomly from 4 parks  in four regions of city and 100 at-divorce couples were selected randomly from couples who referred to divorce centers in Isfahan. Forgiveness and its components was measured by forgiveness scale (FFS) and mental health was measured by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Finding: The results of a factor analysis of variance (MANOVA), showed that forgiveness and its components (Recognition, Reparation, Restitution, Resolution) significantly higher than in normal couples. The couple's divorce. The findings related to mental health and its subscales (somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, major depression) were obtained Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that, in cases referred for mental health and the relief of divorce can be very important.    

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Aim and Background: The siblings of children with Down syndrome are at risk for psychological disorders.Therefore the aim of this study was to investigae the effectiveness of resiliencetraining on mental health in siblings of children with Down syndrome.   Methods and Materials: In the present study a semi- experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow up design was utilized. The statistical population of this research included the whole adolescents (age between 14- 18) having sibling with Down syndrome in Shiraz city, Iran. The sample size was 30 adolescents having sibling with Down syndrome were selected by whole population sampling method assigned for experimental and control groups randomly. Mental Health Inventory (MHI 28) was used for measuring Mental Health that includes two components:psychological wellbeingand psychological distress Results: Analyzing of data using Mix ANOVAs with repeated measure design revealed that wellbeing in siblings of children with Down syndrome in experimental group significantly improved and their psychological distress significantly decreased and these results were permanent in the follow up step. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between subjects on the base of gender. Conclusions: According to the results of this study we can conclude that by training of skills related with resilience, it is possible to enhance the mental health of siblings of children with Down syndrome.

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abstract Aim and Background: This study was conducted with the aim of explaining aspects of conceptual framework of indicators for mental health.Providing mental health indicators conceptual framework could provide for the creation of a unified set of mental health indicators. Methods and Materials: This research was conducted in the method of systematic review and in type of library researching and internet resources.To search for a reputable and well-known databases such as “medline”, “pubmed”, “ psyclit” and other informative sites were used. And the key words to the development, implementation and evaluation of mental health promotion programs were used. Findings: In most systems, health and mental health indicators conceptual framework used to comprehensively based on the following four aspects: health status, mental health factors, mental health system performance, and characteristics of the mental health system and community and health system characteristics.Also, according to the research, mental health indicators should be specific, measurable, reliable, valid, realistic, practical, cost effective, evidence based and ethical. Conclusions: Among the health  indicators conceptual framework, the framework proposed by the Canadian Institute for Health Information )CIHI( is of sufficient breadth and comprehensiveness. And it can be used with slight changes in Iran. based on this framework, a comprehensive general health indicators based on four dimensions: health status, health factors, health system, community and health system characteristics is investigated.

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Abstract Introduction: Individual&rsquo;s lifestyle affects health. Health-Promoting Lifestyle promotes health and welfare, induces satisfaction, self-persuasion and self-improvement. Physical, mental and spiritual health of students as future human resources of each country has particular importance in order to improve and promote it. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between health-promoting lifestyle, mental health, coping styles and religious orientation among Isfahan university students. Methods and Materials: The study population consisted of the whole Isfahan university students. 94 students (47 females and 47 males), were randomly selected and filled out health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLPII), general health questionnaire-28(GHQ-28), ways of coping questionnaire (WOCQ) and Azarbaijani&rsquo;s religious orientation with reliance on Islam test. The data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and regression. Findings: There was a negative significant relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and mental health and between mental health and religious orientation (P<0.01). Lower scores on the GHQ-28 is indicator of more mental health. There was a positive significant relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and religious orientation. Furthermore, the results showed that there was no significant difference between the scores of males and females in health-promoting lifestyle and mental health, But there was a significant difference between them in rites-beliefs subscale in religious orientation and the emotion-focused coping style (P<0.05). The results of regression showed that the emotion-focused coping style and social dysfunction subscales had significant portion in explaining health-promoting lifestyle (P<0.01). Conclusion: Regarding to the lifestyle evolving in Iran and the situation of health-promoting behaviors among students, it&rsquo;s relation with the religious dimension and coping styles design and implementation of health education programs among different groups of people, especially students, is recommended.

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Aim and Background: One of the serious problems in organizations is absenteeism from work that seems to be affected by personnel&rsquo;s psychological status and personality characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of psychological and personality factors with absenteeism from &lrm;work among university staff. Methods and Materials: The present study was a cross-sectional survey. From among a total of 21504 employees of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Iran), 250 individuals were selected using quota sampling. With the approval of the management of the human resources and development and other sectors, a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) were completed. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using Pearson correlation and point biserial correlation coefficient. Findings: Absenteeism had a positive significant relationship with stress level, neuroticism, age, work experience, number of children, and employment type (P < 0.05). The lowest rate of absenteeism was observed among employees with doctoral education or with primary education and illiterate employees. The highest rate of absence was seen among formal employees. The mean depression and anxiety scores of the university staff were slightly lower than the general population, but their stress symptoms were slightly higher than those of the general population. Conclusions: The finding indicated that absenteeism from work is related to psychological traits and psychopathological symptoms. Absenteeism may be a dysfunctional avoidance response to psychological, social, and mental health status. According to these findings, stress coping skills training in the form of in-service training seems necessary. Moreover, employment analysis and assigning of positions based on psychological status and skills is suggested.

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Aim and Background: Due to the alarming, rising trend in emotional and mental problems and suicidal ideation among students, identifying factors that can threaten the quality of life (QOL) and health of students is essential. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of mental health and suicidal ideation with health-related QOL (HRQOL) among students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2014-2015. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 1000 students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were selected through stratified random sampling. Using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the relationship of mental health and suicidal ideation with HRQOL and its dimensions was determined. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, and the multiple regression model. Findings: The finding showed that the average QOL score of the students was 70.70 (95% CI: 69.71–71.68) and quality of life for females student was higher than males. The highest score was related to physical performance with a mean score of 85.29 (95% CI: 83.95–86.56), and the lowest score was related to limitation in role performance due to emotional problems with a mean score of 55.26 (95% CI: 52.48–58.17). A significant relationship was observed between mental health and suicidal ideation, and HRQOL and its dimensions among students (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated a high prevalence of mental disorders and suicidal ideation among students. The results also suggest that these factors are related to the students’ level of QOL. The prevention, detection, and treatment of mental disorders and suicidal ideation must be considered as a priority by the university authorities in order to improve the QOL of students.

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Aim and Background: Understanding in the minds of the couples (mind reading) and mental disorders are among the problematic factors between couples. Since these variables have not been studied beyond simple relationships, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of mind-reading on marital satisfaction with the mediating role of general health. Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive correlational study. The research population consisted of all couples who referred to counseling centers in Kerman, Iran, in 2016. 82 couples (164 individuals) from three centers with convenience sampling answered to ENRICH couple scale (ECS), reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET) and general health questionnaire (GHQ). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including path analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings: Direct effect of mind reading on somatic symptoms (P ≤ 0.01, β = -0.37), social dysfunction (P ≤ 0.05, β = -0.29), depression (P ≤ 0.01, β = -0.34) and conflict resolution (P ≤ 0.05, β = -0.22) was significant, while its effect on idealistic distortion (P ≤ 0.01, β = 0.11) and marital satisfaction (P ≤ 0.05, β = 0.10) was significant indirectly, which was applied by the mediating role of depression. Finally, the variables of this study explained 20% of marital satisfaction total variance. Conclusions: The relationship between mind reading and marital satisfaction is not simple and linear. Variables such as depression have a partial mediating role in this relationship in a way that the mind reading effect through mental health further increases marital satisfaction.

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Aim and Background: Mental health is one of the vital factors in human life. Even, the mental health is important in improving the diseases of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the intermediate role of resilience mediation in the relationship between the meaning of life and spiritual health with mental health in patients with colon cancer. Methods and Materials: Participants were 120 patients with colon cancer in stages 1 or 2 selected via convenience sampling method. Participants completed the Meaning in Life Scale (MiLS), Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale Mils Scale (CD-RISC), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25) questionnaire. Findings: Meaning of life and spiritual health were not able to predict mental health; but, resiliency could predict mental health in a positive and meaningful way. Values, goals, and life perspective components of meaning of life could tend to more resiliency, and result in more mental health. In addition, there were positive significant relationship between the meaning of life, spiritual health, and resilience mediation with mental health. Conclusions: The results showed that values, goals, and life perspective components of the meaning of life can increase the resilience, and thus reduce mental disorders and increase mental health.

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Aim and Background: This study aimed to investigate the difference between mental health and personality characteristics among normal- and high-risk drivers. Methods and Materials: In the causal-comparative study, to select the sample, normal- and high-risk drivers were selected from the Traffic Police database in the west of Tehran City, Iran. The sample consisted of 70 individuals randomly selected; 35 persons were placed in the normal-risk drivers group, and 35 persons in the high-risk drivers group. Three questioners were used to gather the data, demographic questionnaire, NEO-Five Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL90) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using t test via SPSS software. Findings: There were significant differences between mental health and personality characteristics among high- and normal-risk drivers (P < 0.050 for all). In addition, regarding the components of neuroticism and extraversion, there were significant differences between high- and normal-risk drivers, too (P < 0.050 for both). Conclusions: In general, the findings show that these variables are different in normal- and high-risk drivers so that high-risk drivers have lower mental health than normal-risk individuals. These low scales can be strengthened for normal-risk drivers. As a result, appropriate strategies for improving mental health can help in improving the driving of high-risk drivers.

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Aim and Background: Gratitude is one of positive features of personality that has attracted many psychologists in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Emmons gratitude practice on the quality of life and mental health. Methods and Materials: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and follow-up design, and with the experimental and control groups. 20 young couples in Nishabur City, Iran, were selected using convenience sampling method, and were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group received gratitude training based on the Emmons method for 9 sessions. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance test via SPSS software. Findings: After the intervention, there were significant differences between the mean scores of quality of life and mental health between the groups, after the adjustment of the pretest (P < 0.050); the experimental group showed higher mental health and quality of life, after receiving Emmons gratitude intervention. Conclusions: It can be stated that Emmons gratitude practice increases quality of life and mental health by increasing the positive characteristics of couples, overall positive orientation, positive cognitive processes, and positive emotional functioning.

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Aim and Background: In terms of the inherent characteristics of the military career, law enforcement personnel as human resources of NAJA (Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran) organization face multiple occupational issues; and as a result, they are more exposed to psychological vulnerability than other employees. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of promoting individual and social mental health on psychological well-being of law enforcement personnel in Tabriz, Iran. Methods and Materials: This study was a semi-experimental research with pre- and post-test design and control group. The statistical population consisted of the law enforcement personnel of Tabriz in 2017. Of them, 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in mental health promotion program for 10 sessions of 45 minutes. Then, they were tested. Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-being (SPWB) was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods including mean, standard deviation (SD), and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) through SPSS software. Findings: The mean of psychological well-being in NAJA staff after intervention in post-test was increased in the experimental group (11.87 ± 1.18) compared to the control group (6.33 ± 1.04), (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The study showed that individual-social mental health promotion program can be used as an appropriate intervention for increasing the psychological well-being of law enforcement personnel.

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Aim and Background: Reducing sex hormones in men with various physical and psychological problems, including depression, decreased physical activity, impairment in memory, and executive functions.The purpose of this study was to compare mental health between andropause and normal men in order to identify the psychological aspects of andropause . Methods and Materials: The present study was a causal-comparative study and 150 men were selected as the research sample from the male employees of Tehran Medical University who aged 45-65 years. After filling Androgen Deficiency of Aging Men (ADAM) questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), participants divided into two groups; normal and andropause clinical diagnosis. Who received androgen-deficiency syndrome by the questionnaire referred to the lab in order to biochemical diagnosis of andropause. Findings: There were significant differences between this three groups in terms of physical symptoms, social function, anxiety and depression, and those who received a laboratory diagnosis of andropause reported more depression and anxiety . Conclusions: According to the result, who received andropause laboratory diagnosis had severe depression and anxiety that indicates the necessity of using psychotherapy along with hormonal and other therapies for andropause .

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Aim and Background: With respect to high depression prevalence and its risks which affects people’s individual and social life, we endeavor to identify related residential environment factors to be able to utilize it towards promoting residential environment using depression reduction approach. The present research has been performed aiming the review of performed studies with the relation between the characteristics of residential area and depression of settlers.
Methods and Materials: In this review article to find documents related to the subject of the article, authors assessed previous published articles regularly between 2005 to 2020 about relationship between residential environment and depression and also investigated the studies on Pub Med, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Isi, MDPI, BMC, Magiran, and SID using related key words such as: relationship between built environment, physical environment, living environment, neighborhood, interiors and exteriors, natural environment, residential environment, physical environment with mental health (depression, mental disorders).
Findings: Among 99 selected articles about the aforementioned subject, most of them were cross-sectional articles and approved meaningful relationship between at least one of the characteristics of residential environment and depression. From among different aspects of environment characteristics, lack of access to green areas, neighborhood, noise pollution, specifications of built environment, lighting, and walking facilities were more related to depression and this relationship showed some inconsistencies for the beauty of environment, urban environment, access to services, population density and psychological distance interference.
Conclusions: Reviewing the results indicates that characteristics of residential environment in many aspects relate to depression therefore its consideration to promote mental health (depression reduction) of residents of these environments would be necessary.

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Aim and Background: The concept of mentalization as a purely human capacity refers to the understanding of one's own and others' psychological processes, which in 4 dimensions forms the basis of one's daily interactions. Today, this basic psychological process has been considered in all major mental disorders. In this study, a summary review of the concept and multidimensional nature of mentalization has been studied.
Methods and Materials: This review study was conducted in December 2020 from indexed articles on mentalization and its four dimensions in PubMed Databases (SID), Scientific Information Database, Google Scholar, Scopus using related key words such as: Mentalization، Automatic mentalizing، Controlled mentalizing، Cognitive mentalizing، Affective mentalizing.
Findings: Neuroscientists have identified four components or different dimensions of mentalization: 1. automatic mentalizing versus controlled mentalizing 2. Self- mentalizing versus another mentalizing 3.Internal mentalizing versus external mentalizing 4.Cognitive mentalizing versus Affective mentalizing which indicates different social cognitive processes and different forms of mental illness can be explained as an imbalance in these dimensions.
Conclusions: Applications of mindfulness and treatment based on it indicate the treatment of several different mental health disorders Such as psychosis, depression, eating disorders as well as personality disorders. This model is applicable to a wide range of contexts and conditions, such as parenting, couple therapy, family therapy, art therapy, and services to help some of the most vulnerable, and social contexts such as schools and even prisons.

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Aim and Background: Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable to poverty and discrimination than men. Now, Unattended women are exposed to all kinds of social harms due to excessive responsibility, lack of familiarity with some social skills, lack of access to resources and consequently poor quality of life, as well as loss of network of relationships and responsibilities of dependents. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychosocial security, happiness and mental health of unattended women.
Methods and Materials: The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of unattended women is covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Kalibar city in 1399. From this population, 40 people were selected by purposive sampling and studied. So that 40 women were randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental (20) and control (20). The Maslow (1992) Psychosocial Security Questionnaire, Arhil & Lou (1990) Happiness and Goldberg (2008) Mental Health Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance.
Findings: The results showed; Acceptance and commitment therapy has an effect on psychosocial security, happiness and mental health of Unattended women and increases psychosocial security and happiness and decreases mental health in Unattended women (lower score indicates higher mental health).
Conclusions: Therefore, according to the research findings, it can be said; Institutions provide the conditions for free psychological interventions, including acceptance and commitment treatment, along with appropriate economic, educational, and cultural support for these families so that Unattended women can have a positive assessment of their social status and have favorable conditions.

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Aim and Background: Mental health refers to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being. It is all about how people think, feel, and behave. Mental health can affect daily living, relationships, and physical health. The purpose of this study was to systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that compared the mental health of athletic and non-athletic students.
Methods and Materials: Articles were searched in Persian in the SID, Noormags, Civilica, Elmnet using the keywords “mental health”, “general health”, “athlete”, and “non- athlete” were used without any time limit until February 2017. Inclusion criteria included cross-sectional studies comparing athletes and non-athletes as well as studies using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). The modified checklist by Downs et al. (1998) was used to assess the methodological quality of the selected studies. Articles were reviewed using the PRISMA checklist.
Findings: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 12 articles from 478 studies were comprehensively reviewed. According to the results of the study, the total number of athletes and non-athletes was 1252 and 1451, respectively. The results of meta-analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the mental health of athlete students and non-athlete [MD = -5.15, 95% CI (-3.34 to -6.96)] as well as there is a significant difference between athletic and non-athletic students in the following four subscales of mental health so that in all cases the athletes were better; physical symptoms [MD = -1.23, 95% CI (-0.70 to -1.75)], anxiety and sleep disorder [MD = -1.73, 95% CI (-1.24 to -2.21)], social dysfunction [MD = -1.50, 95% CI (-0.74 to -2.25)], and depression [MD = -1.43, 95% CI (-0.85 to -2)].
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that student-athletes had better general health than non-athletes. Therefore, exercise and physical activity can promote students' mental health.