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Aim and Background: Insomnia, one of the prevalent disorders, in many cases is considered as a sign associated with physical and mental disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on these symptoms among male prisoners. Methods and Materials: subjects of this experimental study were 28 male prisoners in central prison of Shiraz who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 9 cognitive behavioral group therapy sessions, while the control group received no treatment. The participants completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Data was analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. Results: High percentage of prisoners reported insomnia symptoms. Moreover, the results of Analysis of Covariance showed that cognitive behavioral group therapy could decrease insomnia symptoms in post-test (p<0.01) and follow-up (p<0.05) stages. Conclusion: Taking into account the high prevalence of insomnia among prisoners and effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on its symptoms, it seems necessary to carry out more research and provide psychological services to decrease insomnia symptoms and its underlying factors.

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Abstract Aim and Background: Insomnia disorder is a common sleep disorder in which one is unable in sleep onset or its maintenance or continuity. So Current work aims to investigate cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia disorder treatment. Methods and Materials: Through random sampling 20 individuals with insomnia disorder selected among patients who referred to psychiatrists with complaints of insomnia symptoms in Isfahan, Iran. Farsi versions of Peterborough sleep quality index (PSQI) (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index) and insomnia severity index (ISI) were used to assess sleep quality and insomnia severity as primary and secondary outcomes after a course of 9 weeks cognitive behavioral therapy. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 18 was used for analyzing the data .Covariance analysis was used in this work. Findings: Analysis of covariance showed that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective by 65.7 percent in reduction of ISI tests scores and by 84.7 percent in improvement of sleep quality in PSQI questionnaire, and this which is significantly due to effect of group membership in case group. Participants reported improvement of duration and sleep.They also reported more freshness at morning, less distress about and better coping with insomnia.  Conclusions: Assuming that one’s automatic thoughts influence insomnia, this disorder can be treated by changing these thoughts and cognitive behavioral therapy was effective in this regards. Further studies are warranted to investigate the efficacy of CBTFI on other formats of sleep disorders.  

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Aim and Background: Illness and disability in children is a major source of distress for parents, especially mothers. It frequently endangers their health and well-being. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the intolerance of uncertainty, worry and insomnia in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods and Materials: In a quasi-experimental study, with pre and posttest and control groups, 16 mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder were selected by available sampling method and then randomly designed into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of ACT, while the control group was not in any treatment. The participants completed Penn-State worry questionnaire (PSWQ), intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS) and insomnia severity index (ISI). Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: Intolerance of uncertainty (P = 0.001), worry (P = 0.001) and insomnia (P = 0.001) average scores in the experimental group were significantly decreased in comparison with the control group at post-treatment. Conclusions: ACT might be an efficient way to decrease intolerance of uncertainty, worry and insomnia in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Also, therapists can use this therapeutic approach for improving intolerance of uncertainty, worry and insomnia in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

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Aim and Background: Insomnia is one of the most prevalent mental disorders, frequently compromise individual’s health and well-being. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between the brain behavioral systems and the severity of insomnia. Methods and Materials: In a descriptive-correlational study, 210 students in Shahrood University of Technology, Iran, were selected using stage cluster sampling method. The participants completed Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Data were analyzed via SPSS and LISREL software using Pearson correlation and path analysis. Findings: The behavioral inhibition system predicted higher difficulties in emotion regulation, which, in turn, predicted higher insomnia in students. In addition, the model of the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between the brain behavioral systems and the severity of insomnia had an acceptable fit with the data. Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the importance of the brain behavioral systems and emotion regulation difficulties in the severity of insomnia.

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Aim and Background: Insomnia is a prevalent health problem characterized by difficulties in sleep initiation, sleep maintenance, or early morning awakenings. In comparison to other sleep disorders, research on etiology of insomnia is in its early stages. The aim of the current study is a brief review of the most important cognitive and behavioral models of insomnia and their therapeutic implications.

Findings: Several behavioral and cognitive models of insomnia tend to focus on different aspects as the start point of the process. Although each model provides a unique perspective of the insomnia, they best viewed as complementary rather than mutually exclusive. These models can be used to guide planning effective treatments for chronic insomnia.

Conclusions: Although different models of insomnia present a better understanding of the complex and multidimensional nature of the disorder, each one of the models has its specific strengths and weaknesses. A comprehensive model incorporates core components of existing models into one model is warranted.

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Aim and Background: Disease in individual with cancer is a major source of distress for caregivers. Therefore, the aim of present study was to modeling the relationship between worry processes with symptoms of depression and insomnia in caregivers of individuals with cancer.

Methods and Materials: This study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all caregivers of individuals with cancer in Mashhad city. Two hundred of caregivers of individuals with cancer were selected through convenience sampling. The tools of this study include Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Data were analyzed by SPSS₂₄, using Pearson correlation test and path analysis.

Findings: The results showed that there are a significant relation between worry processes such as intolerance of uncertainty, experiential avoidance and worry about worry (meta-worry) with symptoms of depression and insomnia in caregivers of cancer patients, but there is no relationship between cognitive avoidance and symptoms of depression and insomnia. Intolerance of uncertainty, experiential avoidance and worry about worry were predictors of depression, whereas intolerance of uncertainty predicted insomnia. The modified model for predicting the symptoms of depression and insomnia in caregivers of individual with cancer based on worry processes had a good fit.

Conclusion: The results of this study support the role of worry processes in the symptoms of depression and insomnia in caregivers of cancer patients.