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Aim and Background: The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the behavioral activation system (BAS) are considered as factors to verify the effects of personality significance on cortical activity. The present study explored the effects of the BIS and BAS on frontal asymmetry in response to affect stimuli. Methods and Materials: This study included 36 individuals (18 with high BAS sensitivity and 18 with high BIS sensitivity, 17 women). All subjects were introduced to neutral, happy, and sad conditions by the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS) and brain waves were recorded simultaneously. Finally, absolute power of alpha band (8-12 Hz) of the right and left frontal areas were calculated for each participant. Findings: A mixed repeated measurements analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the absolute alpha power. Results revealed an increased response to neutral stimuli in BAS group within the left frontal area. However, no significant effects were found in the BIS group in this condition. In addition, an increased left frontal activity (alpha decreasing) in response to happy pictures was seen in the BAS group. On the other hand, an increased right frontal activity (alpha decreasing) in response to sad pictures was found in the BIS group. Conclusions: The results were consistent with the approach/withdrawal model and cerebral asymmetry. The role of the frontal region in positive and negative moods was also approved.

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Aim and Background: Accurate and flexible inhibitory control of automatic, cognitive, and emotional responses for adaptive behavior at the time of unpredictable events is a basic requirement of the daily life. The deficit in this executive function is the core of several disorders such as attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance abuse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of interferential inhibitory control and former reward inhibitory control at the presence of emotional and non-emotional stimuli through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Methods and Materials: 20 volunteer subjects with the mean age of 21.7 years (age range: 19-30 years) were investigated in three status including anodal stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anodal stimulation of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and pseudo-stimulation through Stroop and go/no go tests that were used for assessing interferential inhibitory control and former reward inhibitory control, respectively. Findings:  Stroop test showed a significant difference in accuracy of Stroop task performance (P < 0.001) and an insignificant difference in speed of performance (P > 0.050). The results of go/no go test also showed an insignificant difference both in response accuracy (P > 0.050) and in time of response (P > 0.050). Conclusions: Considering the involvement of two different brain structures in emotional processing and inhibitory control, stimulating one structure for simultaneous improvement of these two functions is not effective, and more evidence is needed for simultaneous improvement of inhibition and emotion.

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Aim and Background: Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is associated with cognitive dysfunction that may adversely affect the quality of life (QoL) before and after surgery for epilepsy. This study aimed to find cognitive factors that may predict QoL in patients with FLE whose seizures had been controlled by surgery for epilepsy.
Methods and Materials: Twenty-four patients with FLE who underwent epilepsy surgery from June 2014 to June 2019 were recruited. The seizure outcome was assessed with modified Engel classification. All of the patients were assessed by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Wechsler Memory Scale, Color Trails Test, Tower of London Test, Persian Aphasia Naming Test, and Persian Diagnostic Aphasia Battery. The QoL was evaluated with the QoL in Epilepsy Inventory with 89 items. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) was used for statistical analysis.
Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of working memory (p = 0.01), general intelligence (p <0.001), and functional intelligence (p <0.001) before and after surgery. GLM regression model showed that color errors in part 2 of CTT by -18.43 and higher indexed scores of verbal memory by -1.28, both before surgery, predicted decreased total QOLIE score.
Conclusions: Working memory and executive functioning were neuropsychological factors that may predict QoL in after surgery for FLE.