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Aim and Background: Antisocial behaviors occur in a wide range and cause different psychological, social and familial pathologies. Different methods were used to reduce antisocial behaviors. The aim of this research was to study the metacognitive components in antisocial youth of Urmia Central Prison and the effect of metacognitive components instruction in reduction of antisocial behaviors. Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental study 30 young adults with antisocial personality disorder in Urmia Central Prison were selected randomly. They were randomly classified in case and control groups. After Wells and Cartwright-Hatton metacognitive inventories were completed by the two groups, metacognitive components were instructed in 8 sessions to the case group. The post-test was conducted on all subjects. Finally the case group was investigated in different situations by a checklist prepared by the researchers. The data was analyzed using t-test, covariance analysis and chi-square test. Findings: Data analysis showed that metacognitive components in antisocial youth were disordered. They also indicated that instruction could significantly correct the problems (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in metacognitive dimensions among the case and control groups in post-test (P > 0.01). Conclusions: These results showed that metacognitive dimensions of antisocial youth are disordered and instruction of metacognitive dimensions has positive effect in their behavior correction.

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Abstract Aim and Background: Infidelity is a damaging Problem in couples Relationships That routed in different factors, But don’t exist no modeling for Its Explanation.  This study investigated the infidelity structural equation model based on attachment styles, personality dimensions, and marital satisfaction was conducted. Methods and Materials: His study implements correlational design. For this purpose, 270 students were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Then, they completed the infidelity scale, attachment styles, personality dimensions and marital satisfaction questionnaires. The data was analyzed by using structural equation modeling with SPSS 18 and AMOS 18. Findings: The final model that also showed a good fit to the data indicated that secure attachment through the satisfaction had a significant negative effect on infidelity (effect indirect = 0.09, P < 0.01). Avoidant attachment style is also mediated by the satisfaction have effect on infidelity (indirect effect = 0.10, P < 0.01). Indirect effect of neuroticism (indirect effect = 0.14, P < 0.01) and extraversion (indirect effect = 0.08, P < 0.01) by mediatory role of satisfaction was positive. Agreeableness (indirect effect = 0.07, P < 0.05) and accountability (indirect effect = 0.08, P < 0.01) through satisfaction could also have a significant negative effect on the infidelity. Also Neuroticism (direct effect = 0.22, P < 0.01), extroversion (direct effect = 0.23, P < 0.01), the desire to experience (direct effect = 0.16, P < 0.01) is directly and positively, and responsibility as directly and negatively (direct effect = -0.16, P < 0.01) were effective against infidelity. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that attachment styles, personality dimensions and marital satisfaction are important in the marital infidelity. Therefore these Results can be used in prevention, Etiology and Therapy of Infidelity.  

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based applied relaxation training on temperament and character dimensions of women with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods and Materials: This experimental study was performed with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The subjects were 40 women with GAD and they were randomly placed in experimental and control groups. The participants of both groups responded to the Generalized Anxiety Disorders Questionnaire 4 th Edition (GAD-Q-IV), 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) before the intervention, and after and 3 months after the intervention. The experimental group received 16 sessions of training. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Findings: The results showed significance differences between the two groups in the pretest, posttest, and follow-up scores of harm avoidance (F = 7.14, P < 0.050) and self-directiveness (F = 26.92, P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in pretest, posttest, and follow-up scores of novelty seeking, reward dependence, persistence, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence between the groups. Conclusions: The results showed that mindfulness-based applied relaxation training was associated with increased self-directiveness, and decreased harm avoidance after psychotherapy in post-test and follow-up phase. Therefore, mindfulness-based applied relaxation training is effective in reducing symptoms of GAD and changing temperament and character dimensions.

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Aim and Background: The concept of mentalization as a purely human capacity refers to the understanding of one's own and others' psychological processes, which in 4 dimensions forms the basis of one's daily interactions. Today, this basic psychological process has been considered in all major mental disorders. In this study, a summary review of the concept and multidimensional nature of mentalization has been studied.
Methods and Materials: This review study was conducted in December 2020 from indexed articles on mentalization and its four dimensions in PubMed Databases (SID), Scientific Information Database, Google Scholar, Scopus using related key words such as: Mentalization، Automatic mentalizing، Controlled mentalizing، Cognitive mentalizing، Affective mentalizing.
Findings: Neuroscientists have identified four components or different dimensions of mentalization: 1. automatic mentalizing versus controlled mentalizing 2. Self- mentalizing versus another mentalizing 3.Internal mentalizing versus external mentalizing 4.Cognitive mentalizing versus Affective mentalizing which indicates different social cognitive processes and different forms of mental illness can be explained as an imbalance in these dimensions.
Conclusions: Applications of mindfulness and treatment based on it indicate the treatment of several different mental health disorders Such as psychosis, depression, eating disorders as well as personality disorders. This model is applicable to a wide range of contexts and conditions, such as parenting, couple therapy, family therapy, art therapy, and services to help some of the most vulnerable, and social contexts such as schools and even prisons.

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Aim and Background: The present study aims to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Pathological Dimensions of Personality with The body dysmorphic symptoms was carried out through the mediation of Rejection Sensitivity and Social-Cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance.
Methods and Materials: The current research was descriptive and  based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population; all the students of the second secondary level of the five districts of Tabriz in the academic year of 1402-1403 were selected by available sampling method in the number of 396 people and answered  questionnaires of body dysmorphic symptoms (Oosthuizen et al.), schemas Yang's early maladaptive (short form), Pathological Dimensions of Personality (PID-5), Social-Cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance (SATAQ-3) and Appearance-Based Rejection Sensitivity (Park). SPSS software was used to calculate descriptive and correlation indices, and AMOS software was used to model structural equations.
Findings: Based on the results in the modified model of the research, all the hypothesized direct paths, except for the path of Pathological Dimensions of Personality to body dysmorphic symptoms (effect size: 0.11 and P: 0.09), have a significant positive and direct effect (P<0.05). In addition, the mediating role of Rejection Sensitivity and Social-Cultural Attitudes towards Appearance in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Pathological Dimensions of Personality with body dysmorphic symptoms is at a significant level (P< 0.01).
Conclusions: The results show that early maladaptive schemas and pathological dimensions of personality can predict the formation of body dysmorphic symptoms based on the mediating mechanisms of Rejection Sensitivity and Social-Cultural Attitudes towards Appearance among teenagers.