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Aim and Background: There are various methods for treatment of depression. This study was aimed to examine and compare the efficacy of three therapeutic techniques namely group cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, drug therapy with fluoxetin and drug- therapy with the herbal medicine named hypiran in treatment of depression in women. Method and Materials: In an experimental study, a total number of 45 female patients with major depression were randomly selected. They had been already screened with the depression-measurement questionnaire and further diagnosed by a psychiatrist to suffer from major depression.&nbsp; Patients&nbsp; were assigned to three experimental groups namely cognitive- behavioral , Fluoxetin and Hypiran groups. The three groups were assessed both before and after the intervention, and&nbsp; after the follow up period as well. Data were analyzied using one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA and post- hoc tests. Findings: Comparing changes in the mean scores, there was found significant differences between the efficacy of the three therapeutic techniques (P < 0.01). Schefe&rsquo;s test also revealed that group cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective than Hypiran (P < 0.01). The follow-up assessments showed that the efficacy of the therapeutic techniques were still in force even after 100 days. Of course significant differences were found between the perseverance of efficacies of the different therapeutic techniques (P < 0.01). Conclusions: All the three mentioned therapeutic techniques were proved effective in treatment of depression. Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy was found to be more effctive than hypiran in the post intervention phase and than the both other techniques in the follow-up assessment.

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Aim and Background:Increasing of being responsive to the present treatments including cognitive-behavioral therapy is the priority of clinical research and motivational intervening is considered as a hopeful intervention.The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on the severity of symptoms of patients with obsessive &ndash; compulsive disorder. Methods and Materials: This research is a clinical trial study. Pre-test, post-test with a control group were done &nbsp;on&nbsp; 40 people suffering from &nbsp;OCD in 2009. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly classified into the experimental group (No.=20) and the control group (No.=20). The intervention consisting of ten sessions of group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and motivational interviewing was given to the experimental group . The data obtained by Yale &ndash; Brown Obsessive&ndash; Compulsive Scale &nbsp;and Sheehan Disability Scale was analyzed by statistical tests of repeated measures &nbsp;analysis and t-test. Findings: The results revealed that the average of Yale - Browen score of the intensity of Obsessive&ndash; Compulsive symptoms in pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up stages were 29.64 , 19.92&nbsp; , 20 in the control group and 34.58 , 17.23 , 19.35 in the experimental group respectively.The variance analysis&nbsp; test repeated measures showed that after the intervention also there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.06) but the decrease in the intensity of OCD symptoms in the experimental group was more than the control group( p = 0.0001) and&nbsp; this decrease continued until the follow-up. Conclusion: Combining group motivational interviewing with cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective technique in decreasing the severity of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and eventually decreasing the disability produced by the symptoms.

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Aim and Background: Anxiety is a common psychiatric problem among adolescents. The present study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) based on Kendall&rsquo;s Coping Cat model on reducing anxiety among female adolescent students of Khorram Abad. Methods and Materials: This was an experimental study with a one-month follow-up period. It used simple random sampling to select 30 subjects from 376 students aging 11-13 who were found to have high levels of anxiety based on the Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS). Participants were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control. Then, the experimental group attended CBGT based on Kendall&rsquo;s Coping Cat. Finally, both groups were evaluated again using SCAS. The results were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: ANCOVA revealed a significant difference between SCAS post-test scores of the experimental and control groups which remained stable one month after the end of treatment. Conclusions: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy based on Kendall&rsquo;s Coping Cat model can reduce anxiety in Iranian female adolescent students.

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Aim and Background: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral problem that causes hyperactivity, attention deficits, academic failure, and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool and elementary school. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of parent-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on overweight and self-esteem in 6- to 11-year-old obese children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in Isfahan City, Iran. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was done on 40 children aged 6 to 11 years with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and overweight or obesity (above the 85th percentile in weight for age, height, and sex diagram) referred to Isfahan child and adolescent psychiatric clinic of Ali Asghar hospital in 2015. For 20 subjects only attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder treatment was applied and they received no other intervention; but the others in experimental group participated in cognitive behavioral therapy sessions. Analysis tools were Coppersmith Self-Esteem Scale and the body mass index. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: Cognitive-behavioral therapy by teaching parents had a significant effect on overweight in obese children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder at post-test and follow-up. It had a significant effect on self-esteem among the obese children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at post-test, too (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Parents-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy can be considered as a complementary treatment for reducing psychological symptoms and body mass index and also increasing self-esteem in obese children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

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Aim and Background: Aggression and low level of mood states are the problems which female students with depression suffer from them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of Positive Mindfulness Therapy (PMT), Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on aggression and mood states in female students with depression. Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. Out of 300 female high school students in Nain City in 2017, 60 participants were selected using purposeful method based on entry and exit criteria and randomly assigned into four groups (control, PMT, MBCT and CBT). To measure the dependent variables, the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) were used. The group of PMT, MBCT and CBT received 12 sessions of treatment and the control group did not receive any treatment. The data were analyzed with the use of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: Based on the results of ANCOVA, all three treatments had a significant effect on decrease of aggression and increase of mood states (p<0.01). Also, the effect of PMT was more than MBCT and CBT on reducing aggression (p<0.01), but the effect of three types of treatment on mood states was similar (p>0.05). Conclusions: Considering the more powerful effect of PMT compared to other two treatments in decreasing aggression and with the equal effects of three types of treatment on mood states, the use of these treatments is suggested for girl students with depression.

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Aim and Background: Psychodrama is a type of emotional discharge that reopens a specific person's personality problem and presents aspects of his life and its comparison with cognitive-behavioral therapy can determine their effectiveness; Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and Psychodrama therapy on the symptoms of externalized disorders in children aged 7 to 12 years.
Methods and Materials: The research method is quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental) studies with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The sample group was available among 24 children who were registered at Ava Mehr Pasargad Counseling Center to diagnose the symptoms of externalized disorder and met the necessary criteria to participate in the study, 24 people were randomly selected. They were divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Cognitive-behavioral and Psychodrama were performed for the experimental groups, but the control group did not receive any special intervention. The research instruments included the Achenbach Child Behavior Inventory Questionnaire (parents' version). Analysis of covariance and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data and examine the relationships between variables.  
Findings: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodrama therapy in the variables of aggressive behavior and law-breaking behavior in the post-test stage (P≥0.001) but there was a significant difference in the follow-up stage in the law-breaking behavior variable. .000.001) According to the effect size values for the variables of aggressive behavior and law-breaking behavior in cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodrama, it was found that the effectiveness of psychodrama is more than cognitive-behavioral therapy (P≤0.001).
Conclusions: It seems that cognitive-behavioral therapy is more useful than psychodrama in improving aggressive behaviors.

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Aim and Background: Recent research has shown the prevalence of the Covid-19 epidemic in this regard The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on reduction anxiety symptoms in patients with Generalized anxiety disorder in Dezful during the outbreak of Covid-19.
Methods and Materials: The research was a pilot study with a pretest-post-test-follow-up with control group. The statistical population of this study was the All patients with generalized anxiety disorder referring to Dezful counseling centers 30 people were selected through targeted sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control group. In all three groups, patients' anxiety disorder was assessed through the questionnaire of General Anxiety (GAD-7). The first group received cognitive-behavioral therapy in 8 sessions 60 minutes, and the second group in 8 sessions 60 minutes acceptance and commitment therapy, but the third group did not receive training. Then, the anxiety test was re-evaluated in all three groups. Given that the assumptions of covariance analysis were not met data were analyzed using one-way variance analysis and SPSS software.
Findings: The findings of the study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy could reduce the symptoms of anxiety in comparison with the control group (p <0.001) However, the difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on reduce the symptoms of anxiety was not significant (p> 0.05).
Conclusions: It seems that both therapeutic approaches can be effective in treating the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

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Aim and Background: One of the common emotions in people suffering from mood and anxiety disorders is anger syndrome. The main concern for those suffering from anxiety disorders whose performance in various activities is impaired is self-harming anger and sometimes suicide. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy on anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders.
Methods and Materials: It was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up design. All the patients with anxiety disorders referred to specialized psychological centers in Tehran city in 2022 constituted the statistical population of the study. 45 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and replaced by random assignment in three equal groups of 15 people. respectively, cognitive-behavioral therapy (Leahy et al., 2009) and metacognitive therapy (Wells and Fisher, 2015) were applied in 10 sessions, 1 session per week and each session for 1 hour in the subjects of the experimental groups. but the control group did not receive treatment intervention. In addition to the demographic information checklist, researcher-made form, data collection was done with state-trait aggression questionnaire. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS statistical software number 26.
Findings: The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy were effective in reducing symptoms of state anger, trait anger, and occurrence of anger and increasing symptoms of anger control at the end of treatment and after a three-month follow-up. the three-month follow-up results of the interventions also showed the stability of the treatment. also, the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been more effective in improving the scores of anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders than metacognitive therapy (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on this, it can be stated that both cognitive-behavioral and metacognitive methods are beneficial in improving anger indicators in people with anxiety disorders. Also, the existence of the behavioral activation session can be the reason for the superiority of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

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Aim and Background: Researchers are interested in facilitating mechanisms in therapeutic interventions, including cultural mechanisms, therefore this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy using Mowlana's parables and anecdotes and acceptance and commitment therapy in distress tolerance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy.
Methods and Materials: This applied study was conducted using a mixed method (using qualitative-quantitative data). The quantitative part of the research consisted of comparative content analysis and the quantitative phase consisted of a quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest design using intervention and control groups. Participants consisted of 48 mothers of children with cerebral palsy who were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly allocated to two intervention and one control groups. To collect data, the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons and Gaher, 2005) were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS 23 using the repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc test.
Findings: The results showed that the difference in the effect of the two treatment methods on the components of tolerance (p=0.020), evaluation (p=0.037) and, accordingly, the total distress tolerance score (p=0.016) is significant, so that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has increased the average scores of the two components of tolerance and evaluation more in addition to the total score of distress tolerance compared to cognitive behavioral therapy using Rumi's parables and anecdotes.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment is a more effective method to increase distress tolerance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy using Rumi's parables and anecdotes.

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Aim and Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that leads to considerable disability in various areas of personal, professional, and social life. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in depressed women in Isfahan.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a semi-experimental design of the pre-test-post-test type with a control group and follow-up period. The research community in this study consisted of all depressed women in Isfahan city. In this study, 45 women referred to specialized clinics in Isfahan city in 1400 were purposefully selected and examined in three groups (2 experimental groups and one control group). Patient information was collected through three demographic information tools: Beck's Anxiety Questionnaire and Beck's Depression Questionnaire. Treatment protocols included cognitive behavioral therapy (Hazelt-Stevens) and transdiagnostic treatment.
Findings: The present study explained that the average scores of depression and anxiety in the transdiagnostic treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy groups had a significant decrease compared to the control group (P = 0.001). On the other hand, there were significant differences in the scores of depression and anxiety in the two treatment groups and control group in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the transdiagnostic treatment group and the cognitive-behavioral treatment group in reducing the average scores of depression and anxiety.
Conclusions: According to the findings, transdiagnostic and cognitive-behavioral treatments can be used as a complement to medication and interpersonal treatments for patients suffering from depression, reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety. This process needs more research.

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Aim and Background: Women heads of households experience many problems in their lives, which can be reduced psychological Hardiness, and reduced social well-being. Based on this, the aim of the current research was the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on psychological Hardiness and social well-being of women heads of households.
Methods and Materials: The current research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with the Goa group with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all female heads of households in Isfahan city who lived in this city in 1402. In this study, 30 female heads of the household were selected using the available sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. Participants in two groups completed questionnaires on psychological Hardiness and social well-being in three stages. In the present study, the people in the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of intervention, but the control group did not receive the intervention. In the end, the data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measurements.
Findings: The results of data analysis showed that Mindfulness-Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy has had a significant effect on increasing psychological Hardiness. Also, Mindfulness-Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy has significantly increased social well-being (0/05>p). Also, in the follow-up phase, the significant effect of this therapeutic method on psychological hardiness and psychological well-being continued (p<0.05).
Conclusions: From the results of the research, it can be concluded that Mindfulness-Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy has increased the psychological Hardiness and social well-being of female heads of households, therefore psychologists and counselors can increase the psychological toughness and social well-being of female heads of households. Use the techniques of this therapeutic approach.

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Aim and Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the central nervous system disorders that poses numerous challenges regarding the psychological adjustment of affected individuals worldwide. Psychological interventions can be utilized to address these challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) based on the Rutgering approach (delivered in a hybrid format of in-person and online sessions) on health anxiety, death anxiety, and body image in MS patients in Tehran.
Methods and Materials: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest and follow-up structure for both the intervention and control groups. Using convenience sampling, 30 MS patients registered with a rehabilitation charity in Tehran who scored above the mean on health anxiety, death anxiety, and body image questionnaires were selected. These participants were randomly assigned to two groups of 15. The intervention group received CBT sessions based on the Rutgering et al. (2022) approach in a hybrid in-person and online format.
Findings: The results of repeated measures ANOVA indicated that implementing the hybrid CBT protocol significantly improved health anxiety and body image and reduced death anxiety in MS patients (P = 0.01).
Conclusions: The findings suggest that CBT based on the Rutgering approach is effective in addressing psychological characteristics such as health anxiety, body image, and death anxiety in MS patients. Therefore, it can be considered a complementary treatment alongside other therapeutic methods for MS patients