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Aim and Background: Research has shown that resolving interpersonal conflicts is as important as social relationships, especially between couples; therefore, the present study aimed to predict the pattern of conflict resolution styles based on differentiation, cognitive flexibility with mediating the role of compassion in young men and women with conflict.
Methods and Materials: This study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included men and women with marital conflict in kashan. The sample of this study consisted of 393 couples with marital conflict who were selected by convenience sampling and included in the research questionnaires including the conflict resolution skills (Strauss et al. 1990), self-compassion (Nef, 2003), cognitive flexibility questionnaire (Dennis and Vander Wal, & Jillon, 2010) and differentiation of self-inventory (skowron and Schmitt, 2003). The research data were analyzed by path analysis and structural equations by AMOS statistical software.
Findings: The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit and self-compassion can play a mediating role between flexibility and negotiation conflict resolution style and psychological aggression as well as between self-differentiation and negotiation conflict resolution styles and physical aggression (P ≤ 0.001).
Conclusions: Given the effects of marital conflict on couples, families and society, identifying the variables involved in this important can provide a basis for planning to prevent and treat destructive styles of marital conflict resolution and it seems that self-differentiation and self-compassion is one of the effective variables in improving the conflict resolution techniques used in men and women with marital conflict.

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Aim and Background: One of the common problems in physically-motor disabled people is psychological distress, defects in executive function and cognitive flexibility, which causes many negative consequences for these people, so the present study aims to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation on performance. Executive and cognitive flexibility in physical-motor disabled people with psychological distress was done.
Methods and Materials: The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and a post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all mild to moderate physical-motor disabilities who had a file in the welfare department of Babol city in 1401. Among them, 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and were replaced randomly and by lottery in two experimental and control groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The experimental group received behavioral activation therapy (8 sessions) and one session every week for 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The research questionnaires included Barkley's implementation performance questionnaire (2011), Dennis and Vanderwaal's (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaire, and Lavibond and Lavibond's (1995) psychological disturbance questionnaire. For data analysis, univariate covariance analysis was used with SPSS version 25 software.
Findings: Our findings can be useful for selecting and designing the most appropriate treatment approach according to the needs of physical-motor disabled people with psychological distress.
Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be stated that investigating the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy is effective in increasing the executive function and cognitive flexibility of physically-motor disabled people with psychological distress.

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Aim and Background: The ever-increasing expansion of cyberspace has affected people's lives. The new generations who were born in this space, day by day, use cyberspace more and have formed a virtual lifestyle, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of life skills training on the cognitive flexibility and social well-being of students’ dependence of cyberspace.
Methods and Materials: The design of this research is a semi-experimental type of pretest, posttest and follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research includes students’ dependence to cyberspace of Neyshabur city in the year 2022-2023. The sample of the research was selected using the convenience sampling method of 30 students’ dependence to cyberspace of Neyshabur city. Research tools included internet addiction questionnaire (Young, 1998), cognitive flexibility scale (Martin and Rubin, 1995), and social well-being questionnaire (Keyes, 1998). The life skills training program was taken from Zare et al. (2019) research, which was implemented in eight ninety-minute-sessions. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The data was analyzed using SPSS software
Findings: The results show that the life skills training program has been able to improve cognitive flexibility and social well-being among the students dependence of cyberspace.
Conclusions: Life skills training by improving cognitive, emotional and skill abilities increases the perception of emotions and provide adaptive responses that improve cognitive flexibility and social well-being of students.

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Aim and Background: The personal evaluation of mothers with children who have learning disabilities is crucial for their psychological well-being in stressful situations. This study aimed to predict how these mothers assess crises based on their cognitive flexibility and explore the mediating role of their spiritual beliefs.
Methods and Materials: The research employed a descriptive-correlational path analysis method. 202 mothers of children with learning disabilities participated in the study, which took place in 2021 and 2022. These mothers were referred to learning disorder centers in the Baran and Sahel areas of Hamedan province. Data collection utilized several tools, including the personal assessment questionnaire for family crisis (Elson et al., 1981), the cognitive flexibility questionnaire (Dennis and Vanderwaal, 2010), and the religiosity/spirituality assessment from the National Institutes of Health of the United States (1999). All analyses were performed using Amos and SPSS version 24 software.
Findings: The results indicated that cognitive flexibility significantly positively affects spiritual beliefs (P< 0.01, β= 0.65). Additionally, spiritual beliefs positively and significantly influence personal evaluation (P< 0.01, β = 0.63). However, the direct impact of cognitive flexibility on personal evaluation was found to be insignificant (P > 0.05). Nonetheless, the indirect effect of cognitive flexibility on personal evaluation was significant (P< 0.01, β= 0.40).
Conclusions: The findings of this study provide valuable insights for counselors working with exceptional children, helping them enhance the effectiveness of their supportive interventions for mothers of children with learning disabilities. These improvements are facilitated through strategies focused on increasing cognitive flexibility, strengthening spiritual beliefs, and fostering positive self-evaluation.