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Aim and Background: The aim of the present study was to develop a short form of the Persian version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P-Short) and to examine its reliability and validity. Methods and Materials: The CERQ-P was administrated to 420 (220 male and 200 female) Iranian university students in 2009-2010 academic year. Following stepwise omission of the items with the highest ‘alpha if item deleted’ on the basis of reliability analyses results, the CERQ-P-Short was constructed. The validity of this questionnaire was assessed through the principal component analysis using varimax rotation, correlations between subscales, and criterion validity. Findings: The results of Cronbach’s alpha (ranged from 0.68 to 0.82) showed that the nine subscales of the CERQ-P-Short possessed good reliability. Principal component analysis explained 75% of the variance and supported the original nine-factor CERQ model. The correlations among the subscales were moderately high. Finally, with respect to criterion validity, several CERQ-P-Short subscales were uniquely associated with symptoms of depression. Conclusions: The short form of Persian version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P) has good psychometric properties.

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Abstract Aim and Background: According to role of cognitive - emotion regulation in control of positive and negative emotions, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cognitive- emotion regulation and anxiety disorders in child and adolescent. Methods and Materials:The method of this study was applied.240 participants of child and adolescent (154 male and 83 female) were selected randomly and the instruments (the revised version of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-71 and Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire) this study was administered on them.The sampling of this study was to multi-cluster sampling. Data analysis of this study was to correlation and multiple regressions. Findings: The results showed that there were significant correlations between most of the Cognitive emotion regulation components and anxiety disorders. Also, the findings of analysis of multi-regression (stepwise method) showed that catastrophic and rumination explained 16 percent of variance of total score of anxiety disorders in child and adolescent. Conclusions: It can be concluded there is correlation between of cognitive-emotion regulation strategies and anxiety disorders. Andsomeof the cognitive emotion regulationstrategies can be involved in anxiety disorders.

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Aim and Background : The aim of the present study was to examine the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance in high-risk behaviors among students. Methods and Materials : In a correlational study, from among all students of various schools of Kharazmi University in 2014-2015, 240 students (146 women and 94 men) were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The participants completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Distress Tolerance Questionnaire, and Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (stepwise). Findings : The correlation coefficients showed that adaptive strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective) had a significant negative relationship with some risky behaviors (dangerous driving, violence, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, alcohol consumption, and relationship with the opposite sex). The non-adaptive strategies of blaming others and catastrophizing had a significant positive relationship with the risky behaviors of dangerous driving, violence, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and sexual relationship and behavior. These results also indicated that components of distress tolerance (tolerance, absorption, and appraisal) had a significant negative relationship with some risky behaviors (dangerous driving, violence, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and sexual relationship and behavior). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that among the five adaptive strategies, strategies of acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, and positive reappraisal had predictive power for some risky behaviors. In addition, among the four non-adaptive strategies, strategies of catastrophizing, and blaming others had predictive power for some risky behaviors. Moreover, among the components of distress tolerance, appraisal and absorption components had predictive power for some risky behaviors. Overall, among other predictors, the two strategies of refocusing on planning and positive reappraisal, with explanation of 11% of variance in violence scores, had the highest coefficient for high-risk behaviors. Conclusions : From the findings of this study, it can be inferred that cognitive emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance were important predictors of risky behaviors in students. Therefore, in educational programs for the prevention and reduction of risky behaviors among students, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance require more attention.

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Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of psychodrama on body mass index, self-esteem and cognitive emotion regulation in obese female children. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted with experimental and control groups. A pretest and a posttest were performed and the process was followed up for 3 months. The sample was comprised of twenty four 10-12-years-old girl students who were obese with body mass index of more than 25 kg/m 2 in 2015. They were selected through cluster-random sampling from a school in the first district of Isfahan city, Iran. The mothers of both groups were trained about the principles of healthy feeding in 4 sessions. Psychodrama intervention was applied only in the experimental group during six 2-hour sessions of group therapy. The data collection tools were consisted of the body mass index scale and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: The effects of psychodrama on body mass index and self-esteem of the test group were statistically significant (P < 0.01) but no significant difference was observed in cognitive emotion regulation variable (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the therapeutic intervention of psychodrama would be helpful to reduce weight in obese children and to increase their self-esteem.

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Aim and Background: Regard to the impact of the sexual traumatic event on somatic and psychological functioning and the importance of this issue in students, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the severity of sexual trauma experience on somatic symptoms and the role of moderating cognitive emotion regulation strategies in Student girls abused.
Methods and Materials: The present research method was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population was all students aged 14 to 17 in Tehran province in the academic year of 1997-98. In this study, two areas were selected as available (Rudehen Education Area and Four Area). By screening the cases of sexual experience (sexual harassment and sexual abuse), 273 people participated in the analysis as the main sample. The data were collected by checklist of Traumatic Experiences of Nugent Hues and Wonder Hart & Kruger (2002), Cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire Garnefsky et al. (2001), Greek’s Mental Health Questionnaire (2015), and analyzed using correlation, bootstrap test, and conditional effects.
Findings: The results of the present study showed that among the strategies of emotion regulation, Catastrophizing and rumination positivity, and acceptance negatively, were able to significantly moderate the effects severity of the experience of sexual trauma on somatic symptoms.
Conclusions: Due to the moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between the severity of sexual experience and somatic symptoms in order to promote physical health and reduce somatic symptoms, it is recommended to develop programs to study the history of trauma, especially sexual trauma in adolescents with somatic symptoms, and also by training the emotion regulation consistence strategies, effective interventions should be performed.

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Aim and Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of common disabling disorders in adolescents. Many factors contribute to the emergence and maintenance of this disorder, among which cognitive constructs have recently attracted much attention. Therefore, the present study was aimed to predict obsessive-compulsive disorder in middle school students based on the components of mindfulness, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and coping strategies.
Methods and Materials: This study was descriptive and correlative study. The statistical population consisted of all middle school students in city of Tabriz in academic year of 1397-98. Finally, data of 357 students (200 girls and 157 boys) who had been selected as research sample through multistage cluster sampling method, were analyzed. The research data were collected by Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R, Foa et al. 2002), Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS), the short 18-item version of Garnefski and Kraaij’s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-short) and Endler & Parker's Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis.
Findings: The findings showed that self-blame of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (r=0.159, p<0.01) and avoidance-oriented of coping strategies (r=0.058, p<0.01) have a significant positive relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Acceptance without judgment (r=-0.151, p<0.01) and description (r=-0.103, p<0.01) of mindfulness components and task-oriented coping style (r=-0.073, p<0.01) have a significant negative relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Finally, self-blame and Acceptance without judgment were able to explain 3.9 percent of the variance of obsessive-compulsive disorder in two steps.
Conclusions: Considering these results, for preventing adolescents ‘obsessive-compulsive disorder, paying attention to self-blame and acceptance without judgment variables is so necessary.

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Aim and Background: Psychotic-like experiences are considered non-clinical and mild forms of psychotic disorders that are associated with negative consequences such as distress, mental disorders and functional impairments. In addition, they can lead to clinical psychosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation, cognitive biases, and negative schemas in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and psychotic-like experiences.
Methods and Materials: The research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University, Birjand branch (N=5700) in the academic year of 2019-2020. The sample size was 400 people who were selected by cluster random sampling. In order to collect data, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS), Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS) and the 16-item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) were used. The present research data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software and structural equation modeling.
Findings: The results showed that traumatic childhood experiences have a significant effect on the cognitive emotion regulation, cognitive biases and negative schemas (p <0.05). Cognitive emotion regulation, cognitive biases, and negative schemas have a significant effect on the psychotic-like experiences (p <0.05). Also, cognitive emotion regulation, cognitive biases, and negative schemas mediated the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and psychotic-like experiences.
Conclusions: The results of the present study support the hypothesis that cognitive emotion regulation, cognitive biases, and negative schemas mediate the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences psychotic-like experiences.

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Aim and Background: Inflammatory bowel disease has clinical features and therapeutic interventions that can greatly impact patients' psychological function and personal relationships. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on negative and positive emotions and cognitive emotion regulation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Methods and Materials: The design of the present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included inflammatory bowel patients in Isfahan. The study sample consisted of 30 patients with inflammatory bowel disease who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants in the pre-intervention and post-intervention stages to the questionnaire فه Positive and Negative Emotions و Watson et al. (1988) and Garnfsky et al. (2002) responded to the cognitive regulation of emotion. The experimental group underwent yoga-based cognitive therapy based on 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using variable covariance analysis and SPSS22 software.
Findings: The results of comparing the experimental group with the control group showed that negative emotions and cognitive regulation of emotion were significantly different from the control group. Yoga and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly affect negative and positive emotions (p <0.05). It also had a significant effect on the cognitive regulation of emotion, except for the dimensions of acceptance and blame of people with inflammatory bowel disease (p <0.05).
Conclusions: In general, the results indicate the effect of yoga-based mindfulness cognitive therapy on negative emotions and positive emotions and cognitive emotion regulation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and can be considered as an important and key intervention alongside drug therapies in patients. Inflammation of the intestine is used. Also, the results of this research can be used by health psychologists.

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Aim and Background: The need to establish intimacy and close relationships with others is considered as a basic and important human motivation. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the quality of object relationships on close relationship experience mediated by the self-differentiation and cognitive emotion regulation.
Methods and Materials: The study was a descriptive-correlational one conducted using Structural Equation Modeling. The population included all people who were married for at least two years and visited psychological and counseling clinics in Mashhad, Iran, from 2020 to 21 due to suffering from matrimonial conflicts. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling technique. Then, 300 questionnaires were distributed among the participants, and 260 questionnaires were gathered. The instruments for data collection included Bell’s Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory, the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, the questionnaire concerning the self-differentiation, and close relationship experience questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the structural equation modeling.
Findings: The findings showed that the quality of object relationships predicted the rates of close relationship experience (P>0/05). Moreover, the findings showed that the differential of self and negative cognitive emotion regulation played mediatory roles (P>0/05).
Conclusions: Accordingly, both in premarital counseling and in couple therapy sessions, it is vital to determine variables based on psychoanalytic concepts like the quality of object relationships and self-differentiation and adjust interventions based on these concepts.
 

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Aim and Background: Among all the problems that can occur in a marital relationship, infidelity is the most severe and threatening point for the stability of the relationship. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of Affective–Reconstructive Couple Therapy on the cognitive emotion regulation in women affected by infidelity.
Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population of the study included all women affected by marital infidelity who referred to the counseling clinic of Eltiam and Mehrafza in Babolsar city in the years 2018, 2019 and 2020. The sample size included 24 couples, i.e. 12 couples of the experimental group (Affective-reconstructive couple therapy) and 12 couples of the control group, which were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced in the groups. Garnefski et al.'s (2001) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire was used to collect data. The method of data analysis was analysis of variance with repeated measurements.
Findings: The obtained results showed that affective-reconstructive couple therapy was effective in improving the emotional cognitive regulation strategies of women affected by infidelity (p≤0.05).
Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be said that affective- reconstructive couple therapy is effective in reducing emotional problems and improving emotional regulation strategies of women.

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Aim and Background: Today, the tendency of people, especially women, to perform various cosmetic surgeries has increased, and it is important to identify the causes of this problem. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of cognitive and emotional factors in the Botox injection in women referring to skin and hair clinics.
Methods and Materials: Among women referring to skin and hair clinics in Isfahan city in 2020, 60 women applying for Botox injections were selected and 60 normal women were matched with the first group in terms of demographic variables. The participants in the research responded to the beliefs about appearance scale (BAAS), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), and body image concern inventory (BICI). The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and discriminate analysis.
Findings: The results showed that the mean scores of the dimensions of dysfunctional beliefs about appearance, except for the dimension of progress, rumination from the maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and dysmorphic concern, are significantly higher in women undergoing Botox injections than normal women. Also, the results of the discriminate analysis showed that rumination from the dimensions of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and feelings from the dimensions of beliefs about appearance could predict Botox injection in women.
Conclusions: In general, these results showed that rumination and negative feelings towards oneself due to skin folds and wrinkles in women are the most important predictors of Botox injection in women; therefore, these findings can lead to solutions to prevent the tendency of people to apply unnecessary beauty treatments.