Showing 53 results for Child
معصومه کوهستانی, سید محمود میرزمانی,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (12-2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: It can be a catastrophic stress for a mother when she finds out that her child is mentally retarded. Furthermore, presence of a mentally retarded child in the family may be a source of chronic stress which predisposes family members and especially the mother to further emotional crises and extreme stress reactions and disorders. This study was aimed to assess and compare PTSD symptoms in mothers with educatable mentally retarded children and mothers with normal children. Method & Materials: In this cross- sectional study, 80 mothers including 40 with educatable mentally retarded children and 40 with normal children were enrolled. Participant mothers were randomly selected using student profiles of routine intermediary schools and specified intermediary schools for the mentally retarded in Kashan . PTSD symptoms scale(PSS) was administered to mothers to assess PTSD symptoms. PSS includes 17 questions that specify the criteria of PTSD according to DSM-IV and assess PTSD symptoms intensity. Findings: PSS-mean score was significantly higher in mothers who had mentally- retarded children(P < 0.01). Conclusion: Mothers of mentally retarded children have a high vulnerability to stress. Appropriated plans should be designed for prevention and early diagnosis of PTSD symptoms in this group as well as for support and intervention.
غلامرضا خيرآبادي, آزاده ملکيان, مهناز فخارزاده,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (8-2007)
Abstract
Introdution: Incidence of childhood asthma and diabetes type 1 is being increased in children. Considering evidences which indicate a probable correlation between maternal depression and childhood chronic physical illness, this study aimed to compare relative frequency of depression in mothers with asthmatic, diabetic and normal children and to assess the time priority between maternal depression and the onset of the child’s illness. Methods and Materials: In a cross-sectional study, mothers of diabetic children, asthmatic children & normal children were enrolled in 3 groups of participants, each consisting of 100 mothers. Using the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II), depression was assessed in all participants & mothers of ill children who were detected to be depressed according to the inventory, were referred to a psychiatrist for a DSM.IV clinical interview for approving the diagnosis, assessing co morbidities & evaluating the onset-time of the first depression episode. Relative frequency of depression was compared in the three groups & the time priority between onset of maternal depression and onset of child illness were compared between the two groups of mothers with chronically ill children. Data were analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, running the SPSS-11 software. Findings: Relative frequency of depression in mothers of normal children, diabetic children & asthmatic children was reported to be 16%, 30% and 27% respectively. Mothers with ill children had a significantly higher rate of depression compared to mothers of normal children (P Discussion: The higher rate of depression among mothers with chronically ill children & the higher rate of time priority of maternal depression relative to the child’s disease onset in mothers of asthmatic children indicate the necessity of preventive mental health programming for mothers with chronically ill children. It also sets a probable causal link between maternal depression & childhood asthma forth for discussion & further investigation.
خسرو توکل, شکوفه عظيمي, غلامرضا شريفي راد, عباس حسيني,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (10-2008)
Abstract
Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Abstract Introduction: Parents' attitude toward parenting styles is one of the factors that affect how they treat their children. Through enhancing the knowledge, educational interventions can moderate such attitudes. Studying new health educational models is essential for improving the traditional ones. The purpose of this study was to assess mothers' attitude toward child abuse before and after educating the behavioral intention model. Method and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental single group before and after study. The sample consisted of 45 mothers with a child abusive attitude randomly selected among the referees to one of the Falavarjan health homes. The Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI) questionnaire was used to assess their attitude toward parenting style. Data was analyzed using t-paired test via SPSS soft ware. Results: Comparison of pretest and post test scores using paired samples t test indicated statistically significant improvement in attitudes whole mean scores (p ). Conclusion: The findings indicate that educating parents may change their attitude toward proper parenting style. Such educations may result in better parenting behaviors and fewer instances of child abuse and neglect.
مجتبي حبيبي عسگرآباد, ابوالفضل رشيدي, عباس متوليپور,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (2-2010)
Abstract
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Aim and Background: This study was conducted to compare the parenting stress in exceptional children’s mothers (ECMs) and normal children’s mothers (NCMs). Method and Materials: A total number of 738 mothers were enrolled in a retrospective comparative causal relationship study. They were mothers of 7 to 12 year old boy students (386 normal students and 352 exceptional ones) who had been selected through randomized multi-stage cluster sampling in Qom city primary schools. Data were collected using Abedin`s Parenting Stress Index (short form) and analysed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Findings: Mean total score of Parenting stress in ECMs was significantly higher than that of NCMs. Considering the subscales, ECMs had significantly higher scores on subscales of parental distress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction and difficult child characteristics when compared with NCMs. Conclusions: ECMs experience higher levels of parenting stress than NCMs do.
راضيه نصيرزاده, محمد رضا شعيري,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Aim and Background: In our society, main pillar of life consist of religion and religious beliefs. and effort for religious training, specially in children, are principal solicitude’s administrators . also, base of child’s religious upbringing effect by their parent’s interaction. The purpose of the present research was to examine The relationship between children's perception of parents violence in child rearing and children's religious beliefs. Method and Materials: in a field-descriptive research A sample of 122 elementry school students ages 6 to 11, ( 67 boys and 55 girls) was selected through cluster sampling by using a individual semi-structured interview and analyzing children's paitings gather necessary informations for attain the goals research. Frequency, frequency percent and chi- square were used for daita analysis. Findings: Results show that abused children (physical and verbal) painting god's image used symbol more than human images. In addithion to, abused children prefer to prayed on special time and in time of need and for their families. While children without abuse experiences attend to prayed regularly for their acquaintance , other people and spiritual objectives. Their priorites for praying were "Prayer for health and forgiveness of quilts for themselves and their relatives" and the lowest rank in children' prayers was "prayer for Emam zaman( redeemer )". Conclusions: results suggested to important role of parents and scholastic training. And they expand information about religious psychology in children to our present knowledge. Then they could be useful for religious training in children.
فاطمه علي اكبري, خسرو توکل,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (2-2011)
Abstract
Abstract Aim and Background: Adoption is a subject with prolix antecedent in historical society and culture. Child acceptation affects on partner and kinfolk relation; so the family experience recognition help nurse to have deep knowledge about family relation. Method and Materials: In this phenomenological qualitative study, participants were 15 family with adopted child in Shahrekord, Iran. Target based method used for sampling. Data were gathered by means of in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was conducted using the phenomenological analytic method defined by Colaizzi. Findings: One hundred and sixty codes were extracted. Nine main themes were obtained related to psychological experiences including parent role acceptation, adoption tools, interaction with others, child specification, mental changes, family relation, life changes, child acceptation and relation with child. Conclusions: Based on our findings, mental changes were the most important experience mentioned by families. Adoption has some compensation for adopted child and consolidates the family basis.
سليمه جلالي, مژگان كار احمدي, حسين مولوي, اصغر آقايي,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2011)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Child social phobia is a common anxiety disorder that there is different intervention psychology treatment for it. The main purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Cognitive-behavior group play therapy on social phobia in 5-11 years old children. Methods and Materials: In this research of quasi experimental, from among of the children who were referred to child psychiatric clinics and who diagnosed by psychiatrist as having social phobia, 30 children were selected as an accessible sample and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received the group play therapy in 6 weekly sessions and the control group which did not receive any intervention. The parent form of sub-scales of social phobia of the Child Abnormal Symptoms Inventory (CSI-4) was administered to all subjects as the pre, post and follow up tests. Findings: The results showed that the difference between mean post test scores of social phobia in the experimental group means post test scores was significant, lower than the control group (P = 0.01). The results of fallow up test was also significant (P < 0. 01), the mean scores of the experimental group was less than that of control group. Conclusions: This research show that social phobia in experimental group was than control group, this finding is similar to research in Iran and another country. Cognitive- behavior group play therapy is effective to reducing children social phobia.
اصغر زره پوش, جواد کبريايي زاده, مهدي ربيعي, اميرحسين صادقي هسنيجه,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2012)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Being abused during childhood and adolescence is one of the important risk factors of substance dependence. The purpose of this study was to compare child abuse in patients with substance dependence and non-dependent persons in Isfahan, Iran. Methods and Materials: This causal-comparative study was conducted on 120 male substance dependent patients who referred to therapeutic centers in Isfahan (clinical group). The subjects were selected through cluster sampling. The clinical group was compared with 120 non-dependent men as the control group. The Child Abuse Self Report Survey (CASRS) was used to collect data. Findings: Our results indicated that the rates of physical, sexual, and affective abuse in the clinical group were significantly more than the control group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, neglect was more frequent in the control group. Conclusions: According to our results, being abused in childhood is one of the risk factors for substance dependence disorder in adulthood. Therefore, Iranian parents need more training on how to treat their children.
نسيم يزداني پور, فريبا يزدخواستي,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2012)
Abstract
Aim and Background: This study investigated the effectiveness of group play on social skills of female preschool children (6-7 years old). Methods and Materials: In this semi-experimental study, 20 female 6-7 year-old children were randomly selected and assigned to intervention and control groups (n = 10 in each). The intervention group participated 12 sessions of group play. All children were examined using the Social Skills Inventory. The applied intervention was evaluated through pre-test and post-test and the groups were compared using analysis of covariance. Findings: Social skills in the experimental group were significantly improved compared to the control group. Conclusions: Findings of this study revealed that group play can significantly and effectively enhance social skills of preschool children.
کمال مقتدائي, مهرداد صالحي, يوخابه محمديان, اسماعيل هونجاني,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Meta-cognition is one of the high cognitive processes of brain which has positive relationship with other cognitive capacities and can be considered as a predisposing factor in most of psychopathologies. the aim of present study was to examine the relationship between meta-cognition with anxiety and depression in mothers of children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with mothers of normal children. Materials and Method: this is a descriptive-analytic cross sectional study. The populations of this study were the mothers of 7-12 years old children who lived in Isfahan in 2011. 50 mothers of children with ADHD and 50 mothers of normal children were chosen through purposive sampling and were assessed by means of Wells and Cartwright meta-cognitive beliefs Questionnaire, Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire, and Beck depression inventory- II. Findings: data analysis showed that there is a significant difference in anxiety and depression between two groups of mothers with ADHD children and mothers of normal children when the age is controlled and the first group had more depression symptoms. The mean of meta- cognition scores in these two groups was not significantly different. Anxiety was correlated with depression and meta- cognition in both groups(p= 0.01). Conclusion: Psychological health of mothers of children with ADHD is less than mothers of normal children, and taking a systemic approach in solving problems of such families can be useful.
فرزانه عباسي, محمدرضا عابدي, فرشته شکيبايي, سيد محمد مسعود ازهر, مجتبي رحيمي,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (7-2013)
Abstract
Aim and background: Researches in recent decades on the effect of attachment-based on relationship and parenting type of child’s caregiver have shown that parents’ parenting style and the quality of mother-child relationship have significant role in child’ anxiety formation .The present study aimed to review the effect of cognitive-behavioral education of mother-child relationship on reducing symptoms in children's obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method and Materials: In a clinical trial, 30 mothers of 6 to 12-year-old children who have been diagnosed as OCD through the interview of psychotherapist and based on the criteria of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4 th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR), were randomly selected divided into two experimental and control groups. Without the presence of children, the mothers in the intervention group participated in twelve 120-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral education. OCD Yale-Brown test was used to collect the data. Findings: The phases of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up showed a statistically significant difference for the intervention group. Accordingly, obsessive thought and behaviors are obvious in the intervention group for following domains: compulsive in resistance, discomfort and interference domains. Conclusions: In whole mentioned domains, cognitive-behavioral education of mother-child relation positively affected obsessive-compulsive symptoms of children.
مهدي ربيعي, اصغر زره پوش, حسن پالاهنگ, حسن زارعي محمود آبادي,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (11-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim and Background: According to role of cognitive - emotion regulation in control of positive and negative emotions, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cognitive- emotion regulation and anxiety disorders in child and adolescent. Methods and Materials:The method of this study was applied.240 participants of child and adolescent (154 male and 83 female) were selected randomly and the instruments (the revised version of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-71 and Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire) this study was administered on them.The sampling of this study was to multi-cluster sampling. Data analysis of this study was to correlation and multiple regressions. Findings: The results showed that there were significant correlations between most of the Cognitive emotion regulation components and anxiety disorders. Also, the findings of analysis of multi-regression (stepwise method) showed that catastrophic and rumination explained 16 percent of variance of total score of anxiety disorders in child and adolescent. Conclusions: It can be concluded there is correlation between of cognitive-emotion regulation strategies and anxiety disorders. Andsomeof the cognitive emotion regulationstrategies can be involved in anxiety disorders.
ستاره شجاعي, احمد بهپژوه, محسن شکوهي يکتا, باقر غباري بناب,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (11-2013)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The siblings of children with Down syndrome are at risk for psychological disorders.Therefore the aim of this study was to investigae the effectiveness of resiliencetraining on mental health in siblings of children with Down syndrome. Methods and Materials: In the present study a semi- experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow up design was utilized. The statistical population of this research included the whole adolescents (age between 14- 18) having sibling with Down syndrome in Shiraz city, Iran. The sample size was 30 adolescents having sibling with Down syndrome were selected by whole population sampling method assigned for experimental and control groups randomly. Mental Health Inventory (MHI 28) was used for measuring Mental Health that includes two components:psychological wellbeingand psychological distress Results: Analyzing of data using Mix ANOVAs with repeated measure design revealed that wellbeing in siblings of children with Down syndrome in experimental group significantly improved and their psychological distress significantly decreased and these results were permanent in the follow up step. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between subjects on the base of gender. Conclusions: According to the results of this study we can conclude that by training of skills related with resilience, it is possible to enhance the mental health of siblings of children with Down syndrome.
مهدي روزبهاني, سيد محمد كاظم واعظ موسوي, حسن خلجي,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Abstract Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three different feedback methods to learning of temporal-special coordination hand movement task. Methods and Materials: 30 Children (8-10 ages) according to receiving feedback (100 percent, omitted, self-control) randomly divided to three groups. This study was done in three days. In the first and second days all subjects practice 100 trails movement task. Retention tests were done in second and third days and reacquisition test was done in the third day. Finding: For acquisition and retention phases analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used. All participants in the first day improved accuracy across practice trials but in the second day did not improve their accuracy across practice trials. There was no significant difference between retention tests that showed 100 practice trials that have been done in the second day did not improve participants learning. During the retention tests 100 percent feedback group was significantly better than omitted group. One way ANOVA was used to analysis reacquisition test that showed 100 percent feedback group was significantly better than omitted group. Conclusions: Results from this study showed receiving more feedback can improve motor learning in children (in contrast with guidance hypothesis) and motor skill acquisition in children not occur as fast as young people.
الهه آقايي, مژگان کار احمدي, علي عسگري,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (12-2015)
Abstract
Abstract Aim and Background: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy and filial therapy in reducing internalizing problems in children. Methods and Materials: The statistical population of this research were primary school children 7-8 year- old in Isfahan city . In order to select of sample group by using the cluster sampling, at first 3 regions between regions of Isfahan city were selected. Then in each region, 2 schools were selected randomly. Moreover, mothers of all 7-8 year-old children in these schools completed CBCL (Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001).then 30 children who obtained the highest score of internalizing scale of the CBCL were selected as a sample group. Children were randomly assigned to two intervention groups: child-centered play therapy and filial therapy. In child-centered play therapy group, each child participated in 16 sessions play therapy and in filial group, mothers received 10 group session. In two group, mothers completed CBCL twice before the intervention and twice after intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data Findings: The data revealed significant difference between play therapy and filial therapy in decreasing internalizing problems and anxiety/ depression but filial therapy was not more effective in depression/ with draw. Conclusions: Then, filial therapy can be considered suitable alternative for child-centered play therapy in decreasing internalizing disorder and depression/withdraw
مريم ارفع, امير قمراني, احمد يارمحمديان,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (12-2015)
Abstract
Abstract Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to compare vitality, marital adjustment and difficulties in cognitive – emotional regulation in parents of deaf children and normal children. The research design is descriptive and comparative. The study population consisted of all parents of students with deaf and normal boys and girls. Study group of 50 parents of students with deaf and a comparable group of 50 parents are normal. Methods and Materials: Method of sampling is random. Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, and multivariate analysis of variance, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis. The research instrument was Deci& Ryan validity questionnaire (1977), Spiner Marital adjustment questionnaire (1978), Inventory difficulties in cognitive – emotional regulation (2004). Findings: The results indicate that there are significant differences between the two groups in vitality, marital adjustment and difficulties in cognitive – emotional regulation. Conclusions: According to the present findings, can be concluding that the reduction of difficulties in cognitive – emotional regulation can be increased emotional satisfaction and vitality in the group of parents with deaf children.
جواد کريمي, فرشته همايوني نجفآبادي, صديقه همايوني نجفآبادي, عاطفه همايوني نجفآبادي,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Abstract Aim and Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric condition that is associated with considerable psychosocial impairment. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of a Persian version of Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) in the male and female students. Methods and Materials: This study was of a correlational type. The participants were 831 students (234 boys and 597 girls) selected through a multistage-cluster random sampling among the students in elementary, middle and high school in the city of Najaf Abad. The three scales administrated in this study were: Obsessive Compulsive Inventory – Child Version ( OCI - CV), Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) and Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI).A cronbach’s and test-retest reliability was calculated to examine the reliability of the OCI - CV inventory And to check the validity of the method convergent validity, divergent validity and confirmatory factor analysis was used. Findings: The calculated α for the OCI-CV inventory was 0.73, 0.67, 0.5, 0.71, 0.69 and 0.72 for Checking, Obsessing, Hoarding, Washing, Ordering and Neutralizing dimensions respectively and 0.85 for the whole questionnaire. The validity of the inventory was also examined through correlating it to the Anxiety Scale for Children and Children’s Depression Inventory given the values of 0.52 and 0.26. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the six-factor structure. Conclusions: The Persian version of the OCI-CV seems satisfactory for measuring Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder symptoms in non-clinical children samples. Future research is, however, needed to confirm these data in a sample of OCD patients.
فاطمه محسني اژيه, مصطفي نجفي,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Urinary incontinence means involuntary urination without any organic cause is one of the common disorders of childhood that can be annoying for the child and his family. Therefore, appropriate interventions to reduce this problem is necessary. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational-recreational games (DEW) on bed-wetting in children with enuresis in Isfahan, Iran. Methods and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest and control group. A total of 30 children (15 subjects learning group through game and 15 in control group) were selected by convenience sampling method among children 6 to 10 years of age with enuresis who referred to Mental Health Counseling Clinic in Nour hospital and psychiatrist private clinic. They were divided randomly into experimental group and control group. Assessment tool was a monthly checklist of enuresis designed by the researcher. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Findings: The average age of the children in the experimental group and the control group were 7.86 and 8.06, respectively. There was a significant difference between the frequency of enuresis in the posttest between intervention and control groups (P ≤ 0.0001). Educational and recreational (DEW) game software decreased enuresis in experimental group compared to the control group in the posttest. Conclusions: Educational-recreational (DEW) game was an appropriate method to reduce the frequency of bed-wetting in patients with enuresis and could be used in conjunction with other therapies.
الهام شکرانه, حمیدطاهر نشاط دوست, محمدرضا عابدی, هوشنگ طالبی,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of psychodrama on body mass index, self-esteem and cognitive emotion regulation in obese female children. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted with experimental and control groups. A pretest and a posttest were performed and the process was followed up for 3 months. The sample was comprised of twenty four 10-12-years-old girl students who were obese with body mass index of more than 25 kg/m 2 in 2015. They were selected through cluster-random sampling from a school in the first district of Isfahan city, Iran. The mothers of both groups were trained about the principles of healthy feeding in 4 sessions. Psychodrama intervention was applied only in the experimental group during six 2-hour sessions of group therapy. The data collection tools were consisted of the body mass index scale and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: The effects of psychodrama on body mass index and self-esteem of the test group were statistically significant (P < 0.01) but no significant difference was observed in cognitive emotion regulation variable (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the therapeutic intervention of psychodrama would be helpful to reduce weight in obese children and to increase their self-esteem.
کيوان زاهدي کسرينه, مريم فاتحیزاده, فاطمه بهرامي, رضوان السادات جزايري,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract
Aim and Background: This study investigated the effectiveness of parental skills training using a solution-focused method to reduce the behavioral problems in preschool children in Isfahan city, Iran. Methods and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study with control group using pretest-posttest method. The statistical population consisted of all parents of the preschool children in Isfahan city in educational year of 2014-2015. To this end, 32 families (64 parents) were selected using a cluster sampling method and were randomly divided into two control and treatment groups. After pretest for both groups, treatment group received parental skills training using a solution-focused method for 6 sessions during one month by a PhD student in family counseling; however, the control group received no training. Then, posttest and follow-up were conducted for both groups. In order to assess the behavioral problems of the children, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used. Finally, the data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance test. Findings: In treatment group, mean values were significantly reduced compared to that of the control group in terms of the behavioral problems, anxiety, depression, somatization, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and other problems. Conclusions: It can be concluded that solution-focused parenting skills training is an effective way to reduce children's behavioral problems.