Showing 6 results for Autism Spectrum Disorder
سيد بدرالدّين نجمي,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (2-2011)
Abstract
The concept of theory of mind (ToM) refers to the ability to predict and explain feelings, thoughts, ideas and intentions of self and others. Patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show a deficient development of theory of mind. Specifically, individuals with autism spectrum disorders fail to understand not only that others have minds, but also that other minds have different thoughts, and that behavior is determined by mental states. Individuals with ASD have marked difficulties to infer their own and other persons' mental states, what has been referred to as theory of mind. It has also been claimed that a person with autism spectrum disorders in part fail to respond appropriately to the emotional experiences of others These results show that although children with autism spectrum disorders can learn a simple discrimination between two identities, adaptive face-coding mechanisms are severely compromised, offering a new explanation for previously reported face-perception difficulties and possibly for some of the core social deficits in autism spectrum disorders. The author’s propose that the prefrontal cortex is involved in theory of mind; also, internal simulation mechanisms, such as the mirror neuron system, are necessary for normal development of recognition, imitation, theory of mind, empathy, and language. Additionally, the authors suggest that dysfunctional simulation mechanisms may underlie the social and communicative deficits seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
امير قمراني, عليرضا محسني اژيه,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Raising a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) results in many psychological problems for family members, especially mothers. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment method on anhedonia and gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) in mothers of children with ASD. Methods and Materials: The statistical population included all mothers of children with ASD in the city of Isfahan, Iran. Sampling was conducted through convenience sampling from among mothers who had obtained the highest scores in anhedonia and gelotophobia (a SD of higher than the mean scores of the group). As a result, 40 individuals were selected, and then, divided randomly into control and experimental groups. The Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHPS) and the Fear of Being Laughed at Scale were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA in SPSS software. Findings: The results indicated that transdiagnostic treatment is effective on the components of anhedonia including social interaction, sensory experience, eating and drinking, interest/pastimes, and gelotophobia (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that transdiagnostic treatment can be an effective educational program for reducing anhedonia and gelotophobia in mothers of individuals with ASD.
Amirhossein Dabirvaziri , Maryam Tehranizadeh ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (5-2018)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The autism spectrum disorder is increasing in all parts of the world, so that in 2018, one in every 59 people with autism is reported. Given the importance of adaptive behavior in everyday life at home and at school, as well as social costs and care during their lives, the importance of early diagnosis in autism is highlighted, thereby improving cognitive, adaptive behavior and reducing the severity of autism.
Methods and Materials: The sample consists of 170 children, 100 autistic children and 70 healthy and juvenile children. Using a perception multi-layer neural network, a clinical decision support system was designed to predict autism based on signs and symptoms.
Findings: The average accuracy of the neural network design was 96.11% after performing 10, as a result of a carefully designed system; it could be a reliable assistant and supporter of this area for the diagnosis of autistic children.
Conclusions: The mean age of diagnosis of autism is 4 years and 4 months (52 months), which does not significantly differ with gender, race, and ethnicity. Therefore, the design of the clinical decision support system in this study for a range of 3 to 6 years old can be used as an important, necessary and reliable screening tool to prevent delay in early diagnosis and intervention.
Maryam Samadi, Amir Ghamarani, Salar Faramarzi,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (10-2019)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Recent research in this area has focused on cognitive deficits such as future thinking and PASS processes (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive) in this group of individuals, in addition to diagnostic symptoms. It seems these deficits can explain the behavioral symptoms of the disorder. Therefore, present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of pivotal response treatment on future thinking and PASS processes of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Methods and Materials: The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow up with control group. The study population included all children 8-6 years old with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder in Isfahan. The sample included 20 students with high-functioning autism selected through convenience sampling and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in a 20- session’s intervention, 2 sessions per week. The Cognitive Assessment System (CAS), trip task, Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) were used for data collection. Two months after the end of the intervention, both groups were followed up using CAS and trip task.
Findings: The scores of Future thinking and cognitive processes (planning) were significantly improved in the experimental group, compared to the control group.
Conclusions: This study shows promising results for pivotal response treatment as an intervention for improving cognitive components in children with autism spectrum disorder and suggest that cognitive components are malleable through implementation of pivotal response treatment.
Somayeh Naserizadeh, Davood Taghvaei, Hossein Davoodi,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Autism disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders that are characterized by problems in communication and social interactions, behaviors, interests and limited and repetitive activities. The purpose of this research was to study Comparing the effectiveness of Anat Baniel's Method for Neuro -motor intervention and The Son- Rise Program on social interactions and stereotyped behavior of children with autism.Anat Baniel's Method is the Neuro -Movement therapy.
Methods and Materials: This research was a semi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test with control group design. The statistical population includes all children with autism in the age of 4-10 years who referred to the autism centers of Khomein in 2021. From the statistical population, the number of 30 children with autism disorder and the conditions of entry into the research were included in the study with the purposeful sampling method, then they were randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group of 10 people in each group. GARS-2 test (Gilliam Autism Rating Scale) test was used to collect information as a pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk tests and multivariate covariance analysis at a significance level of 0.05.
Findings: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of stereotyped behavior (p<.001, η=.68) and social interaction (p= .001, η=.90) in the experimental and control groups. Also, the findings showed that the Son-Rise program is significantly more effective in improving the social interactions of children with autism disorder than anat baneil's neuro-motor intervention.
Conclusions: Evidence was found to support Anat Baniel's Method (ABM) of neuro-motor therapy and the Son-Rise program in the post-test have led to the reduction of stereotyped behavior and improvement of social interactions of children with autism disorder and the Son-Rise program has been more effective in improving the social interactions of these children
Adel Mohamadzade, Saeed Hasanzadeh, Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta, Sogand Ghasemzadeh,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Because the deficiency of communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a negative effect on the relationship between them and their parents, it seems necessary to use early interventions to improving the communication skills of these children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Hanen parent program on the parent-child relationship of families with children with ASD.
Methods and Materials: This study was pre- test/ post- test and follow up with control group design. The Statistical population of this study included all children with ASD (ages 3 to 7) that lived in Isfahan county. The research sample included 22 children and their parents that were selected by convenience sampling. These participants assigned in two groups of 11 people, the experimental group and the control group. Then, parents of the experimental group received Hanen parent program for 3 months and 2 sessions per week. At this time, the control group did not receive any intervention. The study data collected by the child- parent relationship scale- CPRS (Pianta, 1994). The repeated measures MANCOVA analysis was used to analysis of data.
Findings: The results showed efficiency of Hanen parent program on child- parent relationship and Subscales (conflicts, closeness and dependence) is significant in α= 0/05 level.
Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, Hanen parent program can be used to improve the quality of child- parent relationship in children with ASD and their parent by providing opportunities for parent training.