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Aim and Background: Asthma is a chronic illness that can severely affect people&#039;s lives. The aim of this study was to compare anxiety, depression, brain Behavioural systems (BIS-BAS), coping styles, anger and hostility among people with and without asthma. Methods and Materials: Fifty women with asthma attending Shahid Motahhari specialized clinic in Shiraz and 50 normal women were selected using purposive sampling method and were asked to fill these questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), behavioural inhibition/activation system (Carver and White), coping styles (Lazarus and Folkman), and the Multidimensional Anger Inventory (Siegel). All participants ranged in age from 16 to 27 years. Data analysis was done by SPSS 11.5 and LISREL 8.54 using Multi-way analysis of variance test (MANOVA), and path analysis. Findings: Data analysis showed that the two groups had significant differences in anxiety- depression, behavioural inhibition / activation system and BAS subscales (response to drives, fun seeking, reward responsiveness), coping style, anger-arousal, range of anger-eliciting situations, hostile outlook and anger-in (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that in comparison with normal people without asthma, people with asthma show more anxiety, depression, BIS activity and less BAS activity. Also People with asthma use more emotion oriented coping styles and experience more anger-arousal, anger, range of anger-eliciting situations, hostile outlook and anger-in. Also by path analysis, carefull examination of the relationships between variables showed that coping style has a mediational role in personality traits and clinical symptoms in patients with asthma.

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Aim and Background: This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of group anger management and communication skills training on aggression of marijuana addicted prisoners of Hamadan Prison, Hamadan, Iran. Methods and Materials: Quasi-experimental method was carried out with designing pre-test and post-test. The study community consisted of 700 prisoners of Hamadan occupational camp who had the history of aggressive behaviors. Based on the sample size formula of Krejcie and Morgan, 248 people were selected randomly. After conducting Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ) 63 individuals whom had high aggression rate were selected. Among them 45 people were randomly selected and were assigned to three groups of 15 people. 15 people were placed in group anger management training (life skills, Chris and Kling 1998), 15 people in group communication skills training (psychology, human relations, Bulletin 1994) and 15 people in the control group. First test group was trained in 8 sessions of anger management training with 60 minutes duration for 1 month, and the second test group was trained in 8 sessions of communication skills training with 60 minutes duration for 1 month, the control group did not receive any training. After the training program post-test was conducted for all three groups. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Findings: The results showed that anger management and communication skills training both were effective in reducing aggression. Conclusions: Communication skill training is more effective than anger management training to reduce aggression.

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Aim and Background: Depression is one of the most important issues for a student that its occurrence in younger ages is associated with a severe drop in social, occupational, and educational performance. Also, rumination and perfectionism are important factors in the development of depression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to predict depression symptoms based on perfectionism and anger rumination among the students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all male students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences who were studying at this university in 2016. The sample consisted of 204 people who were selected by multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Sukhodolsky et al.’s Anger Rumination Scale (ARS), and Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale (APS), and then were analyzed using multiple regression and correlational methods via SPSS software. Findings:  A significant positive correlation between depression and anger rumination (P < 0.001, r = 0.419), and depression and perfectionism (P < 0.001, r = 0.321). Also, the results showed that 17.6% of changes in students' depression was explained by anger rumination. Conclusions: The results of the present study show the importance of the role of anger rumination and perfectionism in symptoms of depression among students. Therefore, learning emotional control skills such as anger management and problem solving skills are recommended to students with anger rumination.

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Aim and Background: Binge eating disorder (BED) is one of the most common eating disorders. Numerous factors such as aggression, rumination, anger, and anger rumination are associated with BED. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on anger rumination and aggression in men with binge eating disorder.
Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all men with BED who are members of the Mashhad Overeaters Anonymous (OA) association in 2020. Twenty four of them were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly placed in two groups (experiment and control groups). Pre-test was performed for both groups, including anger rumination scale (ARS) and aggression questionnaire (AQ). The control group did not receive any intervention. Post-test was completed for both groups and the results were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.
Findings: The results showed that schema therapy reduces anger rumination and aggression in people with BED in the experimental group compared to the control group. (p <.01).
Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that therapists can use this treatment to reduce anger rumination and aggression in people with BED.

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Aim and Background: One of the psychological factors that have complicated relationship with chronic diseases and physical problems is distress and frustration intolerance. The more a person tolerates stressful events, the less he has physical problems. Meanwhile, the mediating role of latent anger in the relationship between frustration intolerance and physical problems as a mechanism of this relationship has been neglected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of latent anger in the relationship between frustration intolerance and physical problems.
Methods and Materials: The method of present study was non-experimental causal type. The statistical population included all men and women over 18 years of age in 1400. The sample size was 302 people who were selected from the statistical population by convenience sampling. Due to the outburst of Covid-19 disease, sampling was performed in cyberspace. The links to the online questionnaire containing the Failure Tolerance Questionnaire (Harrington, 2005), STAXI-2 State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (Spielberger, 1999) and the Physical Symptoms Scale (Hagiwara, 1992) were made available on Instagram, WhatsApp and Telegram virtual networks and the sample group was asked to answer the questions. Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis method were used to investigate the research question. Data were analyzed using version 26 of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-26) and Partial Least Squares-version 4 (Smart PLS 4).
Findings: The results showed that the indirect effects of frustration intolerance on muscular (β=-0.058, P<0.01), general (β=-0.076, P<0.01) and cardiovascular responses (β=-0.075, P<0.01) through latent anger were statistically significant.
Conclusions: The experience of failure beyond tolerance of individuals causes unpleasant emotions such as uncontrolled anger, which in turn causes physiological effects such as increased blood pressure and heart rate, which ultimately damage the cardiovascular system, muscles and general body responses.
Keywords: frustration intolerance, latent anger, physical problems.

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Aim and Background: One of the common emotions in people suffering from mood and anxiety disorders is anger syndrome. The main concern for those suffering from anxiety disorders whose performance in various activities is impaired is self-harming anger and sometimes suicide. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy on anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders.
Methods and Materials: It was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up design. All the patients with anxiety disorders referred to specialized psychological centers in Tehran city in 2022 constituted the statistical population of the study. 45 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and replaced by random assignment in three equal groups of 15 people. respectively, cognitive-behavioral therapy (Leahy et al., 2009) and metacognitive therapy (Wells and Fisher, 2015) were applied in 10 sessions, 1 session per week and each session for 1 hour in the subjects of the experimental groups. but the control group did not receive treatment intervention. In addition to the demographic information checklist, researcher-made form, data collection was done with state-trait aggression questionnaire. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS statistical software number 26.
Findings: The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy were effective in reducing symptoms of state anger, trait anger, and occurrence of anger and increasing symptoms of anger control at the end of treatment and after a three-month follow-up. the three-month follow-up results of the interventions also showed the stability of the treatment. also, the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been more effective in improving the scores of anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders than metacognitive therapy (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on this, it can be stated that both cognitive-behavioral and metacognitive methods are beneficial in improving anger indicators in people with anxiety disorders. Also, the existence of the behavioral activation session can be the reason for the superiority of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

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Aim and Background: In the last decade, violence against women has been mentioned as one of the most serious social challenges. The painful phenomenon of violence against women in its various dimensions endangers the physical and mental health of women and violates their human rights. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotional therapy schema on hidden anger and self-expression of women victims of domestic violence.
Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of women victims of domestic violence referred to the health centers of Flowerjan city in the summer of 2023. The statistical sample consisted of 30 women who were selected by Targeted sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group underwent emotional schema therapy for ten 90-minute sessions and the control group remained on the waiting list.
 A number of 30 people were assigned to the experimental group and the control group (15 people in each group) by the Purposive sampling method and by random assignment. The experimental group received emotional schema therapy during 11 sessions. While the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected using the latent communicative anger questionnaire (Nelson and Carroll, 2006) and self-expression (Gambrill and Ritchie, 1970) and were analyzed using repeated measures variance analysis in SPSS software version 23.
Findings: The results showed that the emotional therapy scheme led to the reduction of hidden anger and improvement of self-expression in women victims of domestic violence, and the effects of the treatment remained in the follow-up phase as well (p<0.01).
Conclusions: Therefore, by using the findings of the present study, emotional schema therapy can be used to improve the hidden anger and self-expression of women victims of domestic violence.