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Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on cognitive and metacognitive abilities among inactive elder men. Methods and Materials: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and control group, in which 40 inactive men volunteers aged more than 60 years, divided randomly into two groups of experiment and control. The Mini-Mental State Examination and Meta-Cognitive Questionnaire-30 were used to assess cognitive and meta-cognitive abilities. Experimental protocol was performing aerobic activities for eight weeks, three sessions in a week, 60 minutes each session at 50 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate intensity. Findings: The experiment and control groups were significantly different in posttest in terms of inhibitory control and selective attention, planning, constant attention, cognitive flexibility, overall level of cognitive abilities, cognitive uncertainty, and cognitive self-awareness (P < 0.050 for all). Conclusions: Aerobic training interventions for eight weeks could be effective to improve some cognitive and metacognitive abilities among inactive elder men.

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Aim and Background: Sleep is one of the important elements in circadian cycles that is associated with the restoration of physical and mental strength and has a great impact on quality of life. Sports activities are among the interfering factors in improving the quality of sleep and quality of life; Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of aerobic exercise on improving the mental quality of sleep and quality of life of the elderly.
Methods and Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study and the subjects of this study were 40 elderly people in 1399. For data analysis, a researcher-made demographic questionnaire was used and the standard questionnaires for measuring Petersburg quality of sleep (PSQI) and quality of life (SF-36) were used. An appropriate training protocol was used for the intervention and data were analyzed. Shapiro-Wilk, dependent parametric t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon tests were used and statistical calculations were used by SPSS software.
Findings: After aerobic exercise, the average score of sleep quality decreased from 8.1 to 6, ie 26% improvement in sleep quality and the average score of quality of life increased from 78.63 to 81.73, ie 4% improvement in quality of life was observed (p≤ 0.05).
Conclusions: It seems that the intervention has a significant effect on the studied variables and sports activities improve the level of sleep quality and quality of life of the elderly.
 

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Aim and Background: The experience of independent living, changing lifestyle, quick consequences and dormitory life are among the challenges of students, which can have negative effects on the level of sleep and quality of life of students. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of 12 weeks of aerobic exercises on the level of sleep quality and quality of life indicators of students.
Methods and Materials: The research method is semi-experimental. The statistical population of the research was made up of female students of Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, who were selected purposefully and based on the entry and exit criteria of 27 people. The PSQI questionnaire was used to measure sleep quality and the SF-36 questionnaire was used to measure the subjects' quality of life. The special exercise protocol of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) was used for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Dependent and independent t-tests were used for data analysis and for statistical calculations using SPSS version 25 software.
Findings: The results showed that the exercise protocol had a significant effect on the quality of sleep and quality of life and their components (P<0.05).
Conclusions: It seems that the desired exercise protocol can be used as a suitable strategy and approach to improve the quality of sleep and quality of life in students, however, considering that the number of subjects. More research should be done in order to increase the external credibility of research.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of combining aerobic exercise and diet with and without mindfulness motivational interviewing on cravings and quality of life of overweight non-athletes’ men.
Materials and Methods: semi-experimental research method with a pre-test and post-test research design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research was made up of non-athletic men referring to the clubs of Shahrood city. The sampling method was purposeful, and based on the criteria for entering the research, 34 people were selected randomly into 3 control groups (12 people), aerobic exercise and low-calorie diet (11), and aerobic exercise and low-calorie diet together with interviews. Motivation and mindfulness (11) were divided. The research tools included the food craving questionnaire (FCQ) and the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance was used for intergroup changes using SPSS version 25 software and a significance level of P<0.05.
Findings: The results of the research showed that there is a difference between the post-test averages of craving variables and quality of life in the control and experimental groups (p≥0.001). But there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups (p≤0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that both experimental groups have the same effect on quality of life and craving variables. In this regard, in order to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested that more research be done.