Showing 144 results for Act
Fereshte Shakibaee, Bahareh Hateli,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Given the increasing prevalence of autism in all parts of the world and Iran, and that this disease in most cases is a severely debilitating disorder throughout a person's life. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of risk factors associated with autism.
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed on the population of patients with autism referred to autism centers in Isfahan in 2016. After entering the samples to study the risk factors questionnaire was completed by him. The collected data were described using descriptive statistics including frequency tables and theoretical indicators and dispersion, information and all statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software version 19.
Findings: The results of the study showed that the background and environmental factors include gender, date of birth, age of parents, family relationship of parents, education of parents, number of children and rank of children, place of residence during pregnancy, place of residence in the first year of birth, weight of mother before pregnancy. , mother suffering from high blood pressure during pregnancy, diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption, antidepressant use, anticonvulsant use, terbutaline use to prevent premature birth, type of pregnancy method, contact with volatile solvents such as gasoline, toluene, contact with Lead, fish oil consumption and vitamin D levels before and during pregnancy were related to autism in children.
Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that environmental factors can affect genetic and epigenetic factors in parents in the long run. This event highlights the role of environmental factors in causing autism spectrum disorders.
Khadije Belkame, Hadi Farhadi, Floor Khayatan,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: What is important in the treatment of a chronic disease such as diabetes is to improve the patient's quality of life in addition to control the symptoms of the disease. The trouble that a child with a chronic disease such as diabetes imposes is a problem that cannot be recognized only from the doctor's point of view and depends on what the mother of the sick child feels. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify the care factors of children with diabetes. In this research, the aim was to identify the care factors of children with diabetes based on the lived experiences of their mothers.
Methods and Materials: This study was conducted using a qualitative method and a phenomenological approach. The participants were 16 mothers with diabetic children whose information was collected through a semi-structured interview. Sampling was done in a purposeful way and the data was analyzed by the Colaizzi method.
Findings: The findings obtained in 3 main themes and 6 sub-themes including individual characteristics (psychological-physical functioning and emotional-social functioning), family (interpersonal interactions and psychological and social problems), educational issues (concerns and needs) classification became.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that knowing the care factors in children with diabetes can provide the basis for adopting supportive and therapeutic measures for them.
Ali Reza Pirkha'efi, Zahra Rafati, Reza Ghorban Jahromi,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Studies have showed that psycho-social performance is related to knowledge of developmental tasks. Due to loss of scale for developmental tasks’ assessment in the Iranian community, the present study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the developmental tasks scale.
Methods and Materials: The present study is psychometric, and the statistical sample comprised of 840 university students of different educational levels in 2019-20 in Tehran, who were selected through available sampling method, and asked to complete the developmental tasks scale prepared by the author, Ryff’s Scales Psychological Well-Being, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Data were analyzed using SPSS24 software, Lisrel version 8.8M, and Jesp version 0.16.4.0.
Findings: The results of exploratory factor analysis depicted the existence of 5 factors, which collectively determined 65.442 percent of the overall variance of the instrument, while the results of the confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the results of the former analysis. The overall reliability coefficient of the tool was obtained by Cronbach's alpha and Macdonald's coefficient 0.85. Moreover, the parameters of this scale were observed to have a significant positive correlation with Ryff’s psychological well-being scale and the positive emotion factor, but a significant negative correlation with the negative emotion factor.
Conclusions: The concept of human evolution proceeds in stages and each stage represents a sensitive period in which a person needs to perform the task of development related to that period. Good reliability and construct validity, adequate correlation between the factors, as well as convergent and divergent reliability with similar instruments showed that the developmental tasks scale is a suitable one for measuring developmental tasks of students and a reliable one for evaluating interventions in this respect.
Elahe Karimi, Fahimeh Namdarpour,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Marital satisfaction is very important in the second decade of life. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) and attachment styles based on the mediating role of self-compassion among couples in the second decade of life.
Methods and Materials: The present method was descriptive and correlation type. The statistical population included all the couples of Isfahan city who were living in the second decade of their life together. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula and 384 couples (768 people) were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The data were collected through Enrich's Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1989), Costa and McCrae's Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (1997), Hazen and Shiver's Adult Attachment Questionnaire (1987), and Shafqat Neff's Questionnaire (2003) and analyzed with PLS software.
Findings: The results showed that the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) and attachment styles can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion. Another finding of the research showed that the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion. Finally, the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on attachment styles can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion.
Conclusions: It seems that self-compassion can affect marital satisfaction, and on the other hand, favorable personality traits and secure attachment style can increase marital satisfaction.
Fatemeh Bagherifard, Kobra Kazemian Moghadam, Sahar Safarzadeh, Farshad Bahari,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The comparison of different psychological approaches in terms of their effect on psychological variables is of interest to many researchers. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic treatment and hope therapy on self-care activities and reducing cognitive-behavioral avoidance in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods and Materials: The design of the research is experimental and pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all married men and women with type 2 diabetes and members of Ahvaz diabetes society in 1400. 60 of these patients were selected based on the criteria of entry and exit, screening and purposefully, and after matching, they were randomly assigned in 3 groups of 20 people. Research tools included diabetes self-care activities scale (Toobert et al. 2000) and cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale (Ottenbreit and Dobson, 2004). Data were analyzed through multivariate (MANCOVA) and univariate (ANCOVA) analyzes using SPSS software.
Findings: The results showed that integrated transdiagnostic treatment and hope therapy were effective on self-care activities and cognitive-behavioral avoidance in patients with diabetes (p<0.05); in addition, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of two types of intervention in patients with diabetes.
Conclusions: It seems that both approaches are equally effective on self-care activities and cognitive-behavioral avoidance in patients with diabetes.
Elnaz Shokri, Ramazan Hasanzade, Mohammadkazem Fakhri,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: One of the common problems in physically-motor disabled people is psychological distress, defects in executive function and cognitive flexibility, which causes many negative consequences for these people, so the present study aims to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation on performance. Executive and cognitive flexibility in physical-motor disabled people with psychological distress was done.
Methods and Materials: The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and a post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all mild to moderate physical-motor disabilities who had a file in the welfare department of Babol city in 1401. Among them, 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and were replaced randomly and by lottery in two experimental and control groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The experimental group received behavioral activation therapy (8 sessions) and one session every week for 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The research questionnaires included Barkley's implementation performance questionnaire (2011), Dennis and Vanderwaal's (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaire, and Lavibond and Lavibond's (1995) psychological disturbance questionnaire. For data analysis, univariate covariance analysis was used with SPSS version 25 software.
Findings: Our findings can be useful for selecting and designing the most appropriate treatment approach according to the needs of physical-motor disabled people with psychological distress.
Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be stated that investigating the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy is effective in increasing the executive function and cognitive flexibility of physically-motor disabled people with psychological distress.
Elham Jolani, Lida Leilabadi, Akram Golshani,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Researchers are interested in facilitating mechanisms in therapeutic interventions, including cultural mechanisms, therefore this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy using Mowlana's parables and anecdotes and acceptance and commitment therapy in distress tolerance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy.
Methods and Materials: This applied study was conducted using a mixed method (using qualitative-quantitative data). The quantitative part of the research consisted of comparative content analysis and the quantitative phase consisted of a quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest design using intervention and control groups. Participants consisted of 48 mothers of children with cerebral palsy who were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly allocated to two intervention and one control groups. To collect data, the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons and Gaher, 2005) were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS 23 using the repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc test.
Findings: The results showed that the difference in the effect of the two treatment methods on the components of tolerance (p=0.020), evaluation (p=0.037) and, accordingly, the total distress tolerance score (p=0.016) is significant, so that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has increased the average scores of the two components of tolerance and evaluation more in addition to the total score of distress tolerance compared to cognitive behavioral therapy using Rumi's parables and anecdotes.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment is a more effective method to increase distress tolerance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy using Rumi's parables and anecdotes.
Marzieh Baziari, Shahram Vaziri, Farah Lotfi Kashani, Qasem Ahi, Ahmad Mansouri,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: One of the most common psychological disorders among children, adolescents and adults, is anxiety disorders. These disorders include a complex of disorders that their common features are fear, anxiety, and behavioral distress. Various causes and factors are involved in appearance of the disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of transdiagnostic factors in relationship between stressful events and generalized anxiety.
Methods and Materials: The research method was non-experimental causal. The statistical population was all students of public universities of science and technology ministry in Tehran. Among them 700 students were selected by convenience sampling. And the data were gathered through internet-based questionnaires. The instruments included generalized anxiety scale (short-form) (2006), Freeston’s intolerance of uncertainty (1994), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (short-form) (2006), acceptance and action questionnaire (2011), life events scale (1971), and meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire. To analyze the data structural equation modeling (SEM) was used through Amos software version 26.
Findings: The results showed that the indirect effect of stressful events on generalized anxiety disorder by mediating role of transdiagnostic factors is significant (p<0.05). The estimates of the findings indicated that intolerance of uncertainty has equal coefficients in mediating of stressful events and generalized anxiety (p<0.05). Also, results revealed that compatible and incompatible emotion regulation, experiential avoidance, and metacognitive beliefs as transdiagnostic factors have significant role in mediating in relationship between stressful events and generalized anxiety (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Regarding the obtained findings based on analyzing data, it can be mentioned that transdiagnostic factors has a mediating role between stressful events and generalized anxiety. Therefore, it is highly important to pay attention to transdiagnostic factors in treatment of patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder.
Dr Hadi Samadieh, Mr Mahdi Sadri, Mrs Kiana Heidari Jaghargh, , Mr Yousef Esfalani,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The studies show a positive and direct relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction and academic engagement. However, there is a lack of studies that analyze the underlying mechanisms that affect these relationships, particularly during COVID-19. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of sense of belonging to university in the relationship between basic needs satisfaction in interpersonal relationships and academic engagement.
Methods and Materials: The research population included all undergraduate students of University of Birjand in the second semester of 2020-2021. By convenience sampling, 231 participants, were asked to complete basic need satisfaction in relationships scale, psychological sense of university membership, and academic engagement questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling.
Findings: The results indicated that basic needs satisfaction in relationships with friends had a positive and supportive role in experiencing sense of belonging to university. Moreover, the mediating role of sense of belonging in the relationship between basic needs satisfaction and academic engagement was confirmed. The fit indices confirmed the goodness of fit of the stated model. Also, sense of belonging was significantly related to academic engagement.
Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of laying the groundwork for students' academic engagement in university, which requires providing a space to strengthen friendships and, as a result, contribute to creating a sense of belonging to the university. The limitations of this study and the directions of future research will be discussed.
Alireza Savadkouhi, Asiye Aghaei Hosseinabadi, Maryam Dastani, Ghodratollah Momeni, Mohammad Torkan,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The spread of the corona virus at a high speed caused many attitudes, behaviors, habits and values of human beings to undergo serious changes in such a way that these changes led to a transformation in the way of life of the people. The aim of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the modification of habits in the face of the corona virus.
Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test with control group). The statistical population of the research was the contacts of the religious boards of Isfahan city, and the sample size was estimated to be 40 people using Cochran's formula. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and its content validity was checked and verified by the opinion of experts and experts, and its reliability was checked and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analyze the data, univariate (ANCOVA) and multivariate (MANCOVA) analysis of covariance methods were used.
Findings: The results showed that the educational package based on scientific and Islamic teachings was effective in improving social habits. Also, the eta square shows that 42% of the changes in the sociological component scores, 42.3% of the changes in the religious (Islamic) component scores, and 24.2% of the changes in the medical component scores in the experimental group were obtained as a result of the educational package intervention.
Conclusions: The findings of the research show that the educational package based on scientific and Islamic teachings has an effect on the sociological, religious (Islamic) and medical components in preventing the corona virus
Soheila Soleimany, Mostafa Khanzadeh, Mojtaba Ansari Shahidi,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic and debilitating disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts and behaviors associated with anxiety. Considering show the importance and fundamental role of the family in the process of obsessive compulsive disorder in family members, the aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy and mentalization based treatment on the conflict resolution strategies in the spouses of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Methods and Materials: The research method was a semi-experimental method with a two-step process (pre-test, post-test) in three experimental groups (education group based on acceptance and commitment treatment, education group based on mentalization, control group). In this process, the independent variables are the acceptance and commitment treatment and also the mentalization treatment and dependent variable is the conflict resolution strategies. The research samples included 45 spouses of people suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder, who were placed in three experimental groups of 15 people: treatment based on acceptance and commitment, treatment based on mentalization, and the control group.
Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the scores of the conflict resolution strategies in the post-test of the acceptance and commitment group and the mentalization group, and this difference is in favor of the acceptance group. That is, the scores of conflict resolution strategies in the post-test of the acceptance and commitment group were significantly lower than the mentalization group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on this we can say that acceptance and commitment therapy has more effect on conflict resolution strategies.
Hashem Bait Ghanemi, Amin Koraei, Mansour Sodani,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Marital satisfaction is related to some psychological variables, including attachment behaviors; Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of attachment behaviors on women's marital satisfaction with the mediating role of online surveillance.
Methods and Materials: The design of the current research is a correlation design of the structural equation modeling type, which was a multivariate correlation method. The statistical population in this research was all married women in Khuzestan province whose husbands used social networks. Using the non-discriminatory snowball sampling method, 350 married women with electronic literacy and familiar with using social networks were selected. Subjects responded to the scale of the modified version of the attachment behavior scale of Sandberg et al. 2012, the online surveillance scale of the modified version of Ellison 2007 and the marital satisfaction scale. SPSS version 27 statistical software and structural equation modeling using Amos version 24 software were used to evaluate the proposed model.
Findings: The results of the findings showed that the direct effect of attachment behaviors on online marital supervision and the direct effect of online marital supervision on marital satisfaction is significant p<0.05. Also, the direct effect of attachment behaviors on marital satisfaction is significant p<0.05. The indirect effect of attachment behaviors on marital satisfaction through online surveillance is also significant p<0.05. Considering the significance of the effect of attachment behaviors on marital satisfaction in the model, it should be said that online surveillance plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between attachment behaviors and marital satisfaction.
Conclusions: According to the findings obtained from the present research, it can be said that attachment behaviors through online surveillance have an effect on the marital satisfaction of married women.
Niloofar Sadat Khatoonabadi, Dr Ali Shariat, Dr Maryam Sharifdoost,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic functional disease affected by various factors. Despite the effect of personality traits on the course of this disease, few studies have investigated the effect of personality traits on the severity of the symptoms of this disease. Therefore, the present research aims to predict the severity of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome based on temperament and character of personality.
Methods and Materials: The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome who referred to a gastroenterologist’s private office in, 2021, which was based on the available sampling method and based on entry and exit criteria were that 242 people were selected using Morgan's table. The participants responded to temperament and character inventory (TCI-125) and irritable bowel syndrome-symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression via SPSS 22.
Findings: The results showed that 54.3% of the variance in the severity of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome is explained by temperament and character traits. Among the temperament and character traits, in order, self-directedness, novelty seeking, Harm avoidance, self-transcendence and reward dependence have the greatest effect on the severity of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms and their predictability, but persistence and cooperativeness cannot predict the severity of symptoms.
Conclusions: Considering the role of personality traits in predicting the severity of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, special attention should be paid to personality issues in disease prediction, prevention, control, and treatment.
Fateme Pudine Sabour, Qasem Ahi, Fatemeh Shahabizadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: comparing the effect of psychological approaches in different fields, especially students' problems, is one of the topics of interest to researchers. The purpose of this research is to compare effectiveness of teaching techniques based on Eric Berne's Transactional analysis and narrative-therapeutic approach on reducing the impulsivity of abusive male students in Zahedan.
Methods and Materials: The design of the descriptive research was causal-comparative, in order to investigate the hypotheses of the research, 45 badly behaved students who referred to the Omid Zahedan clinic were studied, the training package of techniques based on the narrative-therapeutic approach and Erik's exchange analysis. They were trained and subjected to impulsivity test and the results were analyzed using SPSS software using multivariate analysis of variance.
Findings: The results of the research showed that teaching techniques based on the narrative therapy approach is effective in reducing the impulsivity of mistreated students in Zahedan city, and also teaching techniques based on the exchange analysis approach is effective in reducing the impulsivity of mistreated students in Zahedan city (P<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the results of the research, it can be said that the impulsivity of poorly supervised students has been significantly reduced by teaching techniques based on Eric Burn's narrative-therapeutic approach and exchange analysis
Zeinab Soleimani Kaji, Mansour Sodani, Zahra Dasht Bozorgi, Kobra Kazemian Moghadam,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: This study compares emotion-oriented schema therapy and transactional analysis's effectiveness in addressing marital conflict communication beliefs, aiming to improve effectiveness and reduce recovery time.
Methods and Materials: The research method is semi-experimental, with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up stage. The statistical population of this research consisted of all couples who referred to Abadan counseling centers and Abadan judicial service offices in 2022. The statistical sample consisted of 30 couples who were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group based on the criteria for entering the research. The research tool was Eidelson and Epstein (1982) Communication Beliefs Questionnaire. Research protocols included emotional schema therapy written by Leahy, Tirch and Napolitano (2011) and interactional behavior analysis by Eric Byrne (2011). Multivariate covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test were performed using SPSS version 26 statistical software at a significance level of 0.05 for data analysis.
Findings: The findings show that in the groups of emotion-oriented schema therapy and transactional analysis, there is a significant difference in all variable components of communication beliefs in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up phases (p≤0.05), but There is no significant difference in between the post-test and follow-up (p≥0.05). Also, there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups in the post-tests and follow-up group comparison (p≥0.05); But there is a significant difference between the control group and the two experimental groups (p<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the results of the research, it can be said that both treatments are effective on the variable of communication beliefs and its components in couples with marital conflict.
Soheil Abousaedi Jirofti, Touraj Hashemi Nosrat Abad, Maryam Taleblu, Fatemeh Nemati Sogolitappeh,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Shame is one of the human emotions related to many mental disorders. However, there is no reliable tool in Persian that measures both internal and external shame simultaneously. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Internal and External Shame Questionnaire in students.
Methods and Materials: The research design was descriptive-correlational, More precisely, it was the validation of the test. The statistical population comprised students of University of Tabriz in the academic year 2023-2024. Considering the number of variables, 340 individuals were selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data collection was conducted using Ferreira et al.'s (2020) Internal and External Shame Questionnaire (EISS). Data analysis included assessments of internal consistency, confirmatory factor validity, construct validity, convergent validity, and the correlation of each item's score with other items. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and Amos version 22 software.
Findings: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the scale has a two-factor structure and possesses good confirmatory validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.71 for internal shame, 0.78 for external shame, and 0.85 for the total scale. Additionally, the average variance extracted (AVE) for scale factors and the composite reliability index (CR) demonstrated that the questionnaire has acceptable construct validity and convergent validity.
Conclusions: In general, the 8-item questionnaire for internal and external shame shows an acceptable fit with the data, and the goodness-of-fit indicators confirm its validity. Therefore, it can be used as a valid tool to assess internal and external shame in students.
Ph.d Soudabeh Ershadi Manesh, Ph.d Tahereh Mahmoudiyan Dastnaee, Mostafa Yaghubi Mahjoub,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Many attempts have been made to determine the nature of crime based on psychological, sociological, and cultural variables. This study seeks to answer whether dark personality traits and dimensions of temperament and character affect criminal behaviors through self-control.
Methods and Materials: The research method is descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was all adolescents aged 13 to 17 years in Khorramabad city in 2023. The sample consisted of 350 adolescents who were selected by cluster sampling method and responded to the Dark Personality Questionnaire (Paulus & Jones, 2011), the Temperament and Character Inventory of Adan et al. (2009), the Self-Control Questionnaire of Tangney et al. (2004), and Adapted Self-Report Delinquency Scale Pechorro and et al (2019). Using AMOS 24 and SPSS 26 software, structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the proposed model.
Findings: The correlation coefficient results showed a positive and significant relationship between the dark personality triad and the behaviors of juvenile offenders (P<0.001). The results also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between novelty and harm avoidance with criminal behaviors (P<0.001) and there is a negative and significant relationship between the rewards of dependence, perseverance, self-direction, cooperation, and self-transcendence with criminal behaviors (P<0.001). The results of structural equation modeling showed that dark personality traits and temperament and character dimensions explain 30% of the variance of self-control. Finally, 43% of the variance in criminal behaviors is explained by dark personality traits, temperament and character dimensions, and self-control.
Conclusions: According to the results, it can be concluded that dark personality traits and dimensions of temperament and character have an indirect effect on the behaviors of juvenile offenders through weak self-control skills. Therefore, it is suggested that social harm prevention programs focus on self-control and self-control skills
Soheil Abousaedi Jirofti, Maryam Taleblu, Fatemeh Nemati Sogolitappeh,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Considering the importance of mental health and the high prevalence of crime among prisoners as a risky group and the growing procedure of psychiatric disorders in the country, the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders symptoms and related demographic factors in Zahedan city prisoners in 2024.
Methods and Materials: The model of the research was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the research included all the male and female prisoners of the central prison of Zahedan. In current study, 386 male and female prisoners of Zahedan were selected as the sample of the research by using available sampling method. Symptom Checklist of Mental Disorders (SCL90) was used for collecting data. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Chi-square statistical test, and SPSS version 26 software.
Findings: The results of this study showed that about 33.03% of the prisoners in Zahedan prison probably have one psychiatric disorder at the clinical level. The results of the current research, based on classification of the symptomatology checklist of mental disorders, showed that the most common psychiatric disorders among the prisoners of Zahedan prison respectively were: paranoid thoughts (43.3), sensitivity in interpersonal relationships (41.3), physical complaints (39.6), depression (39.1), anxiety (34.4), psychosis (30.6), hostility (31.0), obsessive-compulsive (24.9), and morbid fear (22.1). Also, there was a significant relationship between the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms with gender (P=0.001), the duration of enduring imprisonment (P=0.001), and education (P=0.001). However, any significant relationship between the psychiatric symptoms and the age in Zahedan prisoners was not found (P>0.01).
Conclusions: The above results indicate the importance of health and treatment planning for the group of prisoners as a group at risk and the need to pay attention to the mental state and appropriate therapeutic interventions as an urgent need for prisoners.
Sara Azadi, Fatemeh Nemati Sogolitappeh, Mostafa Zarean,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Weight-based rejection sensitivity is a significant psychological factor in individuals with overweight and obesity, which can have considerable negative impacts on their mental and physical health. this study aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Weight-Based Rejection Sensitivity Scale (W-RS) in overweight and obese individuals.
Methods and Materials: The research followed a descriptive validation design. The study population included overweight and obese individuals, from which 372 participants with a body mass index over 25 were selected using convenience sampling. Participants completed the Weight-Based Rejection Sensitivity questionnaire. The scale's factor structure was assessed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, while test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and convergent validity were also evaluated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 softwares.
Findings: The exploratory factor analysis results indicated that the scale consists of two factors: "Interpersonal Sensitivity" and "Situational Sensitivity." The confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure identified. The test-retest reliability coefficients for the subscales and the overall scale ranged from 0.85 to 0.91 Additionally, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were between 0.92 and 0.95, indicating strong internal consistency. A composite reliability above 0.7 and an average variance extracted above 0.5 further confirmed the scale's convergent validity.
Conclusions: The confirmatory factor analysis fit indices indicated that the two-factor model of the Weight-Based Rejection Sensitivity Scale showed a good fit with the data. Thus, the scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing anxious expectations of rejection in overweight and obese individuals
Arezo Haddadi, Amin Barazandeh, Reza Rouzbahani,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Chronic and incurable diseases, such as celiac disease, significantly impact the quality of life of patients and their families. The diagnosis of celiac disease in a child can pose a threat to the mental well-being of their caregivers, especially their mothers, as these individuals often endure considerable anxiety and psychological stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of solution focused therapy and narrative therapy on distress tolerance in mothers of children diagnosed with celiac disease.
Methods and Materials: The present study is a semi-experimental intervention research with a pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up design, consisting of two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population included mothers with at least one child diagnosed with celiac disease who are members of the Celiac Association of Iran in Isfahan. Among them, 60 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 participants in each group). The first experimental group received solution-focused therapy, while the second experimental group underwent narrative therapy in the form of eight90-minute sessions. The control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Distress Tolerance Questionnaire by Gaher and Simon (2005). The data were analyzed in SPSS version26 using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests.
Findings: Both interventions led to a significant increase in distress tolerance among mothers of children with celiac disease (P<0.01). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two interventions on distress tolerance between the two experimental groups at the post-test stage. These results remained stable during the follow-up phase (P<0.01).
Conclusions: Both solution-focused therapy and narrative therapy can be utilized as beneficial interventions to enhance distress tolerance in mothers of children with celiac disease
