Showing 78 results for Ahi
Marzieh Baziari, Shahram Vaziri, Farah Lotfi Kashani, Qasem Ahi, Ahmad Mansouri,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: One of the most common psychological disorders among children, adolescents and adults, is anxiety disorders. These disorders include a complex of disorders that their common features are fear, anxiety, and behavioral distress. Various causes and factors are involved in appearance of the disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of transdiagnostic factors in relationship between stressful events and generalized anxiety.
Methods and Materials: The research method was non-experimental causal. The statistical population was all students of public universities of science and technology ministry in Tehran. Among them 700 students were selected by convenience sampling. And the data were gathered through internet-based questionnaires. The instruments included generalized anxiety scale (short-form) (2006), Freeston’s intolerance of uncertainty (1994), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (short-form) (2006), acceptance and action questionnaire (2011), life events scale (1971), and meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire. To analyze the data structural equation modeling (SEM) was used through Amos software version 26.
Findings: The results showed that the indirect effect of stressful events on generalized anxiety disorder by mediating role of transdiagnostic factors is significant (p<0.05). The estimates of the findings indicated that intolerance of uncertainty has equal coefficients in mediating of stressful events and generalized anxiety (p<0.05). Also, results revealed that compatible and incompatible emotion regulation, experiential avoidance, and metacognitive beliefs as transdiagnostic factors have significant role in mediating in relationship between stressful events and generalized anxiety (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Regarding the obtained findings based on analyzing data, it can be mentioned that transdiagnostic factors has a mediating role between stressful events and generalized anxiety. Therefore, it is highly important to pay attention to transdiagnostic factors in treatment of patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder.
Akbar Etebarian, Zahra Jalali, Badri Shahtalebi, Reza Ebrahimzadeh Dasjerdi,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: In addition to being considered as a platform for exercising power in society, daily life also provides potential for liberating action and creativity and independence of the subject. Family is one of the most important areas of daily life in which women are the main players. Due to the fact that this field is not free of power relations, like other fields of applying power strategies, it also contains some resistances. The current research analyzes the soft resistance of women against the patriarchal structure. In this article, an attempt was made to examine women's lives in the context of a patriarchal society and analyze some important factors in stabilizing or changing their status, especially in the family.
Methods and Materials: The present research method was descriptive-correlation type. The statistical community in the qualitative section consists of scientific and executive experts and experts, in the fields of sociology and political science, who have authored articles on development, political development, and women's empowerment in various fields of development. (Emphasizing that Female experts must be used) and the purposeful sampling method was used in the qualitative section.
Findings: The results of the research showed that gender socialization with a frequency of 377 has the greatest impact on the analysis of women's soft resistance against the patriarchal structure and the sacred component of the concept of women with a frequency of 69 has the least impact. Among the sub-components, the biggest sub-component of the country's inability to use the potential of women with the number of 57 has the greatest effect on the increase of women's soft resistance against the patriarchal structure.
Conclusions: The findings of the research indicate that Gender socialization plays a significant role in the creation and continuation of harms caused to women in the society and can face the right path with fundamental challenges. The results of this study can be effective in identifying and reducing the harms
Elahe Karimi, Fahimeh Namdarpour,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Marital satisfaction is very important in the second decade of life. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) and attachment styles based on the mediating role of self-compassion among couples in the second decade of life.
Methods and Materials: The present method was descriptive and correlation type. The statistical population included all the couples of Isfahan city who were living in the second decade of their life together. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula and 384 couples (768 people) were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The data were collected through Enrich's Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1989), Costa and McCrae's Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (1997), Hazen and Shiver's Adult Attachment Questionnaire (1987), and Shafqat Neff's Questionnaire (2003) and analyzed with PLS software.
Findings: The results showed that the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) and attachment styles can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion. Another finding of the research showed that the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion. Finally, the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on attachment styles can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion.
Conclusions: It seems that self-compassion can affect marital satisfaction, and on the other hand, favorable personality traits and secure attachment style can increase marital satisfaction.
Mohammad Hadi Abdollahi, Fariba Bashardost Tajali, Nastaran Sharifi,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: One of the common emotions in people suffering from mood and anxiety disorders is anger syndrome. The main concern for those suffering from anxiety disorders whose performance in various activities is impaired is self-harming anger and sometimes suicide. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy on anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders.
Methods and Materials: It was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up design. All the patients with anxiety disorders referred to specialized psychological centers in Tehran city in 2022 constituted the statistical population of the study. 45 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and replaced by random assignment in three equal groups of 15 people. respectively, cognitive-behavioral therapy (Leahy et al., 2009) and metacognitive therapy (Wells and Fisher, 2015) were applied in 10 sessions, 1 session per week and each session for 1 hour in the subjects of the experimental groups. but the control group did not receive treatment intervention. In addition to the demographic information checklist, researcher-made form, data collection was done with state-trait aggression questionnaire. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS statistical software number 26.
Findings: The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy were effective in reducing symptoms of state anger, trait anger, and occurrence of anger and increasing symptoms of anger control at the end of treatment and after a three-month follow-up. the three-month follow-up results of the interventions also showed the stability of the treatment. also, the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been more effective in improving the scores of anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders than metacognitive therapy (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on this, it can be stated that both cognitive-behavioral and metacognitive methods are beneficial in improving anger indicators in people with anxiety disorders. Also, the existence of the behavioral activation session can be the reason for the superiority of cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Soheila Soleimany, Mostafa Khanzadeh, Mojtaba Ansari Shahidi,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic and debilitating disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts and behaviors associated with anxiety. Considering show the importance and fundamental role of the family in the process of obsessive compulsive disorder in family members, the aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy and mentalization based treatment on the conflict resolution strategies in the spouses of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Methods and Materials: The research method was a semi-experimental method with a two-step process (pre-test, post-test) in three experimental groups (education group based on acceptance and commitment treatment, education group based on mentalization, control group). In this process, the independent variables are the acceptance and commitment treatment and also the mentalization treatment and dependent variable is the conflict resolution strategies. The research samples included 45 spouses of people suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder, who were placed in three experimental groups of 15 people: treatment based on acceptance and commitment, treatment based on mentalization, and the control group.
Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the scores of the conflict resolution strategies in the post-test of the acceptance and commitment group and the mentalization group, and this difference is in favor of the acceptance group. That is, the scores of conflict resolution strategies in the post-test of the acceptance and commitment group were significantly lower than the mentalization group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on this we can say that acceptance and commitment therapy has more effect on conflict resolution strategies.
Amir Najjar, Alireza Pirkhaefi, Davood Manavipour, Vahid Nejati,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation of executive functions on students' memory.
Materials and Methods: This research is semi-experimental using a computerized Wechsler working memory intelligence test prepared and compiled from the Farakhnai subscale of the Wechsler intelligence scale, which was used to measure working memory. The statistical sample consisted of 20 high school students who were randomly selected from high school boys in Varamin in the academic year of 1400-1999 in public high schools in mathematics, experimental and human subjects. The subjects were in two control groups (10 subjects) and the experiment (10 subjects) were randomly replaced.
Findings: Neuropsychological rehabilitation of executive functions is effective in improving students' auditory memory/forward repetition, auditory memory/reverse repetition, visual memory/forward repetition, visual memory/reverse repetition, auditory memory, visual memory, and auditory memory span. Visual memory of students is not effective. Also, there was a statistically significant increase in the average score of all dimensions of working memory from the time before the intervention to the follow-up period, and only in the visual dimension / reverse repetition of the average before the intervention (p≤0.001). There was no significance between the two means (p≥0.001).
Conclusion: In general, the results show the effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation of executive functions on students' memory
Dr Majid Mmahmood Alilou, Ramin Rahimi, Dr Mostafa Zarean, Dr Abbbas Bakhshipour Rodsari,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuropsychological functions of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder of hoarding and Obsessional Slowness.
Methods and Materials: The current research was based on the nature and purpose of applied research and in terms of the research method, it was cross-sectional analytical. The statistical population of this research included all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsessive-compulsive type, hoarding type, and obsessive-compulsive disorder in Urmia city between April and December 1401. The statistical sample of the research includes 30 patients with hoarding obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (15 people for each group of patients) referring to psychiatric and psychological treatment centers in Urmia city and 15 healthy people without diagnosis of the disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was in the period from April to December 1401, which was selected by the available sampling method. The participants were matched in terms of age, gender, education, marital status and intelligence range. Subjects were evaluated using the revised Obsessive Compulsive Questionnaire, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire, Wisconsin Test, Go/No Go Test, Barrett's Balloon Risk Test, and Tower of London Test.
Findings: The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that people with Hoarding Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Obsessional Slowness have significant differences in neuropsychological evaluations in terms of response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, planning and problem solving with the healthy group.
Conclusion: These results indicate a deficiency in response inhibition, cognitive flexibility and problem solving in these patients. While the pattern of neuropsychological disorders in these two disorders is different
Majid Madihi, Seyed Abdulmajid Bahrainian, Qasem Ahi, Ahmad Mansouri, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh5,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The Covid-19 epidemic has had many effects on the people's lives, especially medical students. However, little is known about the effects of this pandemic on medical students' learning, stress, and academic burnout. Therefore, the aim of present study was investigating the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between the fear of Covid-19 contagion and the academic burnout of medical students.
Methods and Materials: The research population of this study was consisted of all students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (N=4000) in the academic year of 2021-2022. The research sample was consisted of 436 students who were selected by available sampling method and completed the fear of contagion questionnaire, academic self-efficacy scale and Maslach burnout inventory–student survey. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling.
Findings: The findings showed that direct effect of fear of Covid-19 contagion on academic burnout was significant, but its effect on academic burnout was not significant. The direct effect of academic self-efficacy on academic burnout was significant. Also, indirect effect of fear of Covid-19 contagion with the mediation of academic self-efficacy on is significant.
Conclusions: The results suggest that academic self-efficacy can play an important role in increasing the effects fear of contagion epidemic diseases such as Covid-19 on academic burnout. The findings of this research can help to design or use of trainings based on self-efficacy during epidemic periods to reduce academic burnout of medical students.
Samira Zardkoohi, Soodabeh Bassaknejad, Mahin Gheibizadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Tokophobia is a pathological fear of childbirth that can lead to anxiety and worry in pregnant women. The aim of present study was to investigate of the psychometric characteristics of Tokophobia Severity Scale amongst pregnant women.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive study, the sample has been carried out on 205 pregnant women which were selected through available sampling. In this study, data were collected using Wooten et al. Tokophobia Severity Scale of (2020) and Gladstone et al. Brief Measure of Worry Severity (2005). The reliability coeffcients were calculated by Cronbach alpha and Halving method and to determine the validity of the scale, confirmatory factory analysis and concurrent validity were used. For analysis the data SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 24 soft ware were used and significant level was 0.01.
Findings: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two factor model of Tokophobia Severity Scale fits among the pregnant women. Reliability by Cronbach's alpha method and halving was obtained as 0.87 and 0.84, respectively, which indicated good reliability and validity.
Conclusions: It seems that due to the acceptable reliability and validity of the tokophobia severity scale in pregnant women, it can be used as a diagnostic tool to identify the severe fear of childbirth and to start teaching the management of this fear in pregnant mothers.
Amrollah Ebrahimi, Mehdi Borouni, Reza Bagherian-Sararoudi, Zahra Heidari, Fariborz Khorvash,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Migraine headaches are one of the psychosomatic disorders that severely impair patients' quality of life and general functioning by mediating psychological problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of pain intensity in the relationship between psychosomatic components on quality of life in these patients.
Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 250 patients with migraine were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria among people with migraine referred to the Pain and Neurology Clinic affiliated to Isfahan Medical Sciences in 2020 through available sampling. In the appropriate psychological situation, after justifying the goals of the research, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-26), Von Korff’s Pain Intensity Scale (PIS) and also the Diagnostic criteria for psychosomatic research Questionnaire (DCPR) were completed.
Findings: The results showed that there was no significant correlation between pain intensity and other variables and only psychosomatic components had a significant negative correlation with quality of life dimensions and Also, in the path analysis model, no significant direct and indirect relationship was found between psychosomatic components and pain intensity with different dimensions of quality of life, although the proposed path analysis model showed a good fit.
Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest the development of psychological intervention packages based on the explanatory model for the correction of Alexithymia, irritable mood, health anxiety and type A behavior in order to improve the quality of life of migraine patients.
Somayeh Rasouli, Anahita Khorrami Banaraki, Seyed Hassan Hosseini Sarvari,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: There are claims regarding the fact that the damages caused by using social media are rather similar to those caused by using drugs. Researchers think that although the behavioral symptoms and consequences of using drugs vary by type of substance, there are several common aspects regarding drug symptoms in all types; which are hence in line with social media harms. Furthermore, during recent years, neuroscientists have examined the structures in the brain that are associated with addiction to social media and have discovered several similarities and differences about drug addiction. The main purpose of the present study was to compare addiction to drugs with addiction to social media.
Methods and Materials: In this paper, we will initially describe the behavioral components of addiction to drugs and addiction to social media and then indicate the difference between "addiction" and "dependence".
Findings: We will later support the hypothesis that addiction to social media is not to be considered as a dependence. Hence, we will discuss the areas of the brain which are involved in recent addiction to social media and addiction to drugs along with providing neuroimaging and experiments regarding these two fields.
Conclusions: In the end, as well as enumerating the neurological similarities and differences between addiction in both fields, we suggest that instead of dividing people into the two categories of "addicted" and "non-addicted", it is better to consider "various degrees of addiction". This being the case, we can accept the addiction to social media as a special type of addiction and as a degree of addiction and thus, categorize the common characteristics and differences between this type of addiction and other types of addiction and present treatment approaches which are ideally appropriate for this certain degree of addiction
Fateme Pudine Sabour, Qasem Ahi, Fatemeh Shahabizadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: comparing the effect of psychological approaches in different fields, especially students' problems, is one of the topics of interest to researchers. The purpose of this research is to compare effectiveness of teaching techniques based on Eric Berne's Transactional analysis and narrative-therapeutic approach on reducing the impulsivity of abusive male students in Zahedan.
Methods and Materials: The design of the descriptive research was causal-comparative, in order to investigate the hypotheses of the research, 45 badly behaved students who referred to the Omid Zahedan clinic were studied, the training package of techniques based on the narrative-therapeutic approach and Erik's exchange analysis. They were trained and subjected to impulsivity test and the results were analyzed using SPSS software using multivariate analysis of variance.
Findings: The results of the research showed that teaching techniques based on the narrative therapy approach is effective in reducing the impulsivity of mistreated students in Zahedan city, and also teaching techniques based on the exchange analysis approach is effective in reducing the impulsivity of mistreated students in Zahedan city (P<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the results of the research, it can be said that the impulsivity of poorly supervised students has been significantly reduced by teaching techniques based on Eric Burn's narrative-therapeutic approach and exchange analysis
Seyed Milad Abdullahi, Saeed Rezaei, Mahnaz Staki,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Low achievement is viewed as an ability-productivity discrepancy rather than a learning-ability discrepancy; Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the cognitive rehabilitation program on the cognitive abilities and academic performance of the gifted with low achieving.
Methods and Materials: This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was the students of the second secondary level of the gifted schools of Khoy city, who are known as gifted students. Among them, 30 students who met the criterion of low academic achievement were purposefully selected as a statistical sample and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. To collect data, Salehi's academic performance questionnaire (2013) and Nejati's cognitive abilities questionnaire (2013) were used. The training program of the intervention group consisted of eight weeks of two sessions (16 sessions in total), 60 minutes of cognitive rehabilitation program training. The control group also followed their normal daily schedule. At the end of the sixteenth week, a post-test was conducted for all participants. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance test at the error level of 0.05 with SPSS-19 software.
Findings: The results showed that the sixteen-week cognitive rehabilitation program significantly increased academic performance (P=0.001) and cognitive skills (P=0.001) of gifted students with low progress.
Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that the cognitive rehabilitation program can be used to improve the academic performance and cognitive skills of the gifted with low progress.
Seyed Vahid Tavallaei, Samaneh Najarpourian, Yaser Rastegar,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The third principle of the Code of Ethics for Professional Practice in Psychology and Counselling Organization Islamic Republic of Iran is “the principle of benefit and non-harm”. Despite such advice, the field of clinical psychology and counseling in Iran has been indifferent to the harmfulness of some interventions and their reporting in research. Despite decades of identifying the negative effects of psychotherapy, there is still ambiguity in understanding theharm, its foundations and consequences. Furthermore, in literature review, defining harm has often focused on the opinions of professionals and therapists, and there is less availability of a clear understanding of the experiences of clients as individuals who benefit from these services.
Methods and Materials: The current study is an exploratory study using qualitative research method. The research tool was semi-structured interviews, conducted with 16 participants who were selected purposefully during the coding stages and considered their experience of attending psychotherapy sessions to be harmful. The data was analyzed using the grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin with the MAXQDA software and continued until saturation of categories was reached..
Findings: The recorded information was coded and classified into secondary codes, categories and classes. The therapist's authority and the weakness of the therapeutic relationship were identified as causal conditions related to the therapist, along with the client's sense of helplessness, idolization of the therapist, and limited awareness of patient rights and the treatment process as causal conditions related to the client. According to the analysis of the participants' opinions, the main categories of harm were found to be shame and thought about being abused.
Conclusions: In the realm of harm, there has not been much attention to the interpersonal nature of psychotherapy, and the focus has been on harmful interventions and incorrect decisions made by therapists. The results show that each therapist and each psychotherapy has the potential to harm clients. What can make psychotherapy harmful for clients is the lack of appropriate responsiveness from the therapist to the clients' inner experiences, especially when their negative experiences are related to the therapist-client relationship.
Seyed Hamed Hosseinpour Khaghani, Rahim Yousefi, Reza Abdi, Hassan Yaghoubi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The present study aims to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Pathological Dimensions of Personality with The body dysmorphic symptoms was carried out through the mediation of Rejection Sensitivity and Social-Cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance.
Methods and Materials: The current research was descriptive and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population; all the students of the second secondary level of the five districts of Tabriz in the academic year of 1402-1403 were selected by available sampling method in the number of 396 people and answered questionnaires of body dysmorphic symptoms (Oosthuizen et al.), schemas Yang's early maladaptive (short form), Pathological Dimensions of Personality (PID-5), Social-Cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance (SATAQ-3) and Appearance-Based Rejection Sensitivity (Park). SPSS software was used to calculate descriptive and correlation indices, and AMOS software was used to model structural equations.
Findings: Based on the results in the modified model of the research, all the hypothesized direct paths, except for the path of Pathological Dimensions of Personality to body dysmorphic symptoms (effect size: 0.11 and P: 0.09), have a significant positive and direct effect (P<0.05). In addition, the mediating role of Rejection Sensitivity and Social-Cultural Attitudes towards Appearance in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Pathological Dimensions of Personality with body dysmorphic symptoms is at a significant level (P< 0.01).
Conclusions: The results show that early maladaptive schemas and pathological dimensions of personality can predict the formation of body dysmorphic symptoms based on the mediating mechanisms of Rejection Sensitivity and Social-Cultural Attitudes towards Appearance among teenagers.
Fahimeh Mohamadinik, Mahmoud Talkhabi, Meysam Sadeghi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between cognitive functions and reading literacy in fourth grade primary school students.
Methods and Materials: The study method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population includes all the male students of the fourth grade of primary school in Tehran who were studying in the academic year of 1402-1403, and 174 of them were purposefully selected as a sample. Reading literacy progress tests (Perles, 2016) and subtests from the fifth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children (WISC-5) and the attention and concentration test IVA-2 were used for measurement.
Findings: The Pearson correlation coefficient results showed that there is a positive relationship between the components of cognitive performance and literary and information literacy of fourth grade elementary school students. The results of regression analysis showed that conceptual thinking with standard beta coefficient (0.451) had the highest regression effect on students' literary reading literacy. In addition, conceptual thinking with a standard beta coefficient (0.456) had the highest regression effect on students' information literacy, and processing speed, active memory and attention after conceptual thinking had the highest regression effect on students' information literacy.
Conclusions: By increasing the cognitive abilities of students, it becomes possible to perform multiple skills at the same time, and students with information literacy recognize the value of information in texts and have the ability to find and analyze information while reading and are able to understand the content. Evaluate information critically
Reza Jafari Harandi, Khodabakhsh Heidari, Mohammad Javad Abdollahi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Mothers' negative perfectionism has a wide range of negative effects on children, but the role of this trait on creativity is not yet clear; therefore, the aim of this study was the mediating role of academic motivation in the relationship between mothers' negative perfectionism and creativity of second grade elementary school students.
Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population was all students of the second year of elementary school in Dilijan in 2021 with their mothers, totaling 2,642 people. From the mentioned society, 335 student-mothers were selected as a sample by random cluster method. The creativity questionnaire of Mohammadyari et al. (2005) and The Elementary School Motivation Scale of Guay et al. (2005) were completed by the students and the Besharat Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (2006) was completed by the mothers. Data analysis was performed using regression analysis and SPSS26.
Findings: The results showed that while confirming the direct effect of negative parental perfectionism on the creativity of elementary school students, the mediating role of external regulation and intrinsic motivation in this relationship can be confirmed (P<0.001).
Conclusions: According to the findings, in order to increase students' creativity, it is necessary to focus on reducing mothers' negative perfectionism. If mothers are unwilling to cooperate, the negative effects of parental perfectionism in this field can be reduced by increasing students' academic motivation
Mrs. Akram Zarei Goonyani, Dr. Ahmad Mansouri, Dr. Qasem Ahi, Dr. Seyed Abdolmajid Bahreinian, Dr. Fahime Saied,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Background: Research has increasingly shown a relation between childhood maltreatment and the dysregulated behaviors observed in individuals, yet the mediating factors in this relationship have received little attention. Thus, the primary aim of this study is to explore the role of cognitive processes as mediators in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the dysregulated behaviors of individuals with bipolar disorder.
Methods and Materials: This study employed a descriptive and correlational research design. The statistical population consisted of all individuals with bipolar disorder who were hospitalized at Razi Psychiatric Hospital during the years 2023-2024. A total of two hundred individuals were selected for the research sample using convenience sampling. Data collection tools included the following: the Binge Eating Severity Scale (Gormally et al., 1982), the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (Gratz, 2001), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Saunders et al., 1989), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (Nejati, 2013), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale- Short Form (Kaufman et al., 2016), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Bond et al., 2011), and the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (Thompson & Zuroff, 2004). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and LISREL software, employing Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling techniques.
Findings: The study's results indicated that cognitive processes—including cognitive ability, self-criticism, experiential avoidance, and difficulties in emotion regulation—play a mediating role in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and dysregulated behaviors, such as alcohol consumption, binge eating, and non-suicidal self-injury, in individuals with bipolar disorder. The statistical fit of the model was strong, with the following indices: CFI= 0.96, NNFI= 0.95, IFI= 0.96, GFI= 0.92, and RMSEA= 0.072.
Conclusions: People with bipolar disorder who experienced childhood maltreatment often exhibit dysregulated behaviors due to cognitive processes. Therefore, clinical interventions focusing on cognitive processes are essential in preventing maladaptive behaviors in this population.
