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Aim and Background: There is a relation between patients&#039; levels of physical functioning and their acceptance of chronic pain. However, this relation has not been examined amongst Iranian chronic pain patients. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the relation between acceptance of chronic pain and physical disability. Methods and Materials: In a descriptive-correlational study, convenience sampling was used to select 245 chronic pain patients from pain clinics in Tehran, Iran during spring and summer of 2010. The participants completed the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and a demographic questionnaire. They also provided information about physical disability, pain intensity, and daily dysfunction. Data was analyzed using Pearson&#039;s correlation and multiple hierarchical regression models. Findings: There were significant relations between acceptance of pain and pain intensity and disability (P < 0.001). According to the regression model, acceptance of pain could predict a significant proportion of variance of disability scales (i.e. physical disability and daily dysfunction) (P < 0.0001). Therefore, it was a better predictor of disability compared to over pain intensity, gender, education, and pain duration. Conclusions: Chronic pain acceptance is an important factor in reducing the perceived disability in chronic pain patients. Therefore, acceptance-based treatment methods are helpful to decrease pain-related disability.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depression and mental health in patients with diabetes. Methods and Materials: Experimental research method was used in this study. Statistical population consisted of diabetic patients from diabetes center in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 30 patients were randomly selected and assigned to either experimental or control groups. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II) was completed before and after the intervention. Experimental group received 8 training sessions of ACT, with 120 minutes duration, in Diabetes Charitable Center of Isfahan. The control group received no training at all. Findings: Results showed that ACT significantly increased scores on the BDI II compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: ACT may be considered to be an effective intervention approach for treating depression in diabetic patients.

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  Aim and Background:  The purpose of this study was comparison of forgiveness and its components together with mental health in normal and ongoing divorce couples in Isfahan. Materials and Methods:The population is consisted of couples who lived in Isfahan city in 1387 (2009). 100 normal couples were selected randomly from 4 parks  in four regions of city and 100 at-divorce couples were selected randomly from couples who referred to divorce centers in Isfahan. Forgiveness and its components was measured by forgiveness scale (FFS) and mental health was measured by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Finding: The results of a factor analysis of variance (MANOVA), showed that forgiveness and its components (Recognition, Reparation, Restitution, Resolution) significantly higher than in normal couples. The couple&#039;s divorce. The findings related to mental health and its subscales (somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, major depression) were obtained Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that, in cases referred for mental health and the relief of divorce can be very important.    

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Abstract Aim and Background: The aims of this study were to investigate risk factors for suicide attempte and compered it’s with non attempters. Methods and Materials: In a case-control study, 120 individuals suiside attempeter who had presented to Shahid Madani in the city of Azarshahr were compered with 140 control who were selected using conveniennce sampling, and were matched by a number of demographic factors with each other. Data were gathered using Family Assessment Device (FAD) , Coping Style Questionnaire and researcher-made stressor life events checklist, and were analyzed via Logistic Regression and T-test. Findings: Suicide attempeter had a poor performance in family features such as relation (p=0.02), problme solving (p=0.001), roles (p=0.001), sentiment sensitivity (p=0.01), sentiment involvement (p=0.001) and family general function (p=0.001) ,use emotion oriented coping style in general (p=0.001) and experinced stressor life events more than non attempters (p=0.001). 66 percent of the variance related to the suicide attempt is due to problme solving, family general function, problem oriented coping style and stressor life events, among which stressor life events (58 precent) and family general function had the lowest (1 percent) share. Conclusions: Unfavorablefamily features , ineffective coping style and stressor life events can lead to increased psychological issues such as suicide attempt.

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Abstract Aim and Background: The research purpose is to assess the Efficacy of Emotion Regulation on the Well-Being of Epileptic Girls (14-20) in Isfahan. Methods and Materials: In order to administer this study, 30 epileptic adolescence girls were selected from 14-20 years population of epileptic adolescence girls Isfahan city in 2012 via sampling available method and assigned randomly to experimental and control group (each group consist of 15 adolescence). The intervention was emotion regulation . Training based on Boston Program University. The instruments were psychological Well-Being (Ryff) Questionnaire And the Researcher-Made Questionnaire . Findings: Data was analyzed by Multivariate Covariance analysis of variance. Findings indicate that emotional regulation effects on the Well-Being of epileptic girls in pre and post test and follow-up (P<0 . 019). Also mean scores of Self Acceptance(P<0 . 049) in the post test was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The results also showed that the mean scores of positive relations with others (P<0 . 045), Self- Acceptance (P<0 . 049), purpose in life (p<0 . 046) in the follow - up was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusions: The results showed that emotional regulation effects on the Well –Being of epileptic girls. The treatment effect was sustained during the follow-up

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Abstract Aim and Background: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy and filial therapy in reducing internalizing problems in children. Methods and Materials: The statistical population of this research were primary school children 7-8 year- old in Isfahan city . In order to select of sample group by using the cluster sampling, at first 3 regions between regions of Isfahan city were selected. Then in each region, 2 schools were selected randomly. Moreover, mothers of all 7-8 year-old children in these schools completed CBCL (Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001).then 30 children who obtained the highest score of internalizing scale of the CBCL were selected as a sample group. Children were randomly assigned to two intervention groups: child-centered play therapy and filial therapy. In child-centered play therapy group, each child participated in 16 sessions play therapy and in filial group, mothers received 10 group session. In two group, mothers completed CBCL twice before the intervention and twice after intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data Findings: The data revealed significant difference between play therapy and filial therapy in decreasing internalizing problems and anxiety/ depression but filial therapy was not more effective in depression/ with draw. Conclusions: Then, filial therapy can be considered suitable alternative for child-centered play therapy in decreasing internalizing disorder and depression/withdraw &nbsp;

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Aim and Background: Depression is a major postpartum mental disorder. This disorder will have adverse consequences for both generations (mother and child) and may be correlated with breastfeeding. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between postpartum depression and postpartum lactation during the 2 first years of life. Methods and Materials: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 366 mothers of 18-45 years of age. The subjects were selected through simple random sampling from among women who had medical records in health care centers. The data collection tools included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Demographic-Reproductive Characteristics Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods in SPSS software. Findings: Among the mothers, 30.4% of non-lactating mothers had depression. However, 19.6% of exclusively breastfeeding mothers and 18.3% of mothers who used breastfeeding in combination with other methods had depression. A significant correlation was observed between the depression scores and the two variables of type and duration of lactation (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Existence of depression among the subjects in this study, and the correlation of maternal depression with lactation status clarify the importance of screening for depression during the breastfeeding period. Thus, in order to benefit from the advantages of breastfeeding and improve infants&rsquo; growth and health, the consideration of this issue by health care providers is recommended.

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Aim and Background: Due to the importance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Iran, several studies have investigated the effects of different treatments on patients with PTSD. Most of these studies have had a similar theoretical basis along with medical treatments and often their results were unsatisfactory. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of neurofeedback on anxiety, depression, and war post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Methods and Materials: In the present study, 29 patients with PTSD were selected In Kermanshah, Iran, using convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to control (n = 14) and experimental groups (n = 15). The two groups were matched in terms of demographic characteristics. The therapeutic program was carried out for 20-25 sessions in the experimental group. The data collection tools consisted of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), alpha/theta protocol, and the neurofeedback instrument. Findings: Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant reduction (P < 0.001) depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms after the intervention. In the assessment of variation between subjects, a significant reduction was observed in depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings showed that neurofeedback in the form of alpha/theta protocol can involve significant clinical application for patients with PTSD.

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Aim and Background: While Parents affect other members of the family, children also have effects on their parents with their own personal, behavioral and growth characteristics reciprocally. The behavioral disorder of one of the children, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is usually conceived as a stressful element which can affect all aspects of family, including the relationship between mothers and their spouses. The aim of this study was to survey of stress management group training effectiveness, using acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) method, on the relationship between mothers of ADHD children and their spouses. Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test and 9-month follow-up with control group. The population of the research was included all mothers of children with ADHD in Esfahan who referred to clinics and psychologists offices in 2013. Thirty mothers which had highest score of stress in relationship with spouse from parenting stress index (PSI) were selected and assigned into two groups of test and control. Eight 90-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment stress management training was performed for the test group, while the control group had no intervention. PSI subscale of relationship with spouse from parent characteristics was used in order to review the hypothesis of the study, which was completed before and after intervention by mothers. Data were analyzed by covariance statistical methods using SPSS software. Findings: There was a considerable difference between scores of pre-test and post-test of the test group in comparison with control group (P = 0.001), reflecting the improvement of relationship with spouses in mothers. Conclusions: ACT-based stress management group training could improve the relationship between the mothers of ADHD children and their spouses.

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Aim and Background: Functional dyspepsia is a chronic disorder of the upper gastrointestinal tract that anatomical or biochemical abnormalities do not explain it. The purpose of this study was to assess the mediating role of stress, anxiety, and depression in the relationship between Alexithymia and functional dyspepsia. Methods and Materials: This research was a correlational study. 224 male and female patients with functional dyspepsia were selected by available sampling method according to the inclusion criteria. Stress, anxiety, and depression in patients were evaluated by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (21-item) (DASS-21); Alexithymia was evaluated by Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS); and after primary diagnosis of gastroenterologist, severity of functional dyspepsia was evaluated by Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). Finally, data analysis was performed using SmartPLS software. Findings:  Alexithymia directly affected the severity of functional dyspepsia (effect size: 0.44). Moreover, Alexithymia by mediation of depression (0.20) and anxiety (0.17) affected the severity of dyspepsia at the level of 95% confidence interval (CI). However, because of the insignificance of path coefficient between the variables of stress and functional dyspepsia (T-value < 1.96), the indirect effect of the Alexithymia on the severity of functional dyspepsia with the mediation of stress was not confirmed. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate the important role of psychological factors (Alexithymia, anxiety, and depression) in functional dyspepsia.

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Aim and Background: Aggression and low level of mood states are the problems which female students with depression suffer from them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of Positive Mindfulness Therapy (PMT), Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on aggression and mood states in female students with depression. Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. Out of 300 female high school students in Nain City in 2017, 60 participants were selected using purposeful method based on entry and exit criteria and randomly assigned into four groups (control, PMT, MBCT and CBT). To measure the dependent variables, the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) were used. The group of PMT, MBCT and CBT received 12 sessions of treatment and the control group did not receive any treatment. The data were analyzed with the use of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: Based on the results of ANCOVA, all three treatments had a significant effect on decrease of aggression and increase of mood states (p<0.01). Also, the effect of PMT was more than MBCT and CBT on reducing aggression (p<0.01), but the effect of three types of treatment on mood states was similar (p>0.05). Conclusions: Considering the more powerful effect of PMT compared to other two treatments in decreasing aggression and with the equal effects of three types of treatment on mood states, the use of these treatments is suggested for girl students with depression.

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Aim and Background: Recent studies on depression disorders have shown constraints and deficiencies in self-compassion of these patients. Therefore, in this study, we identify the weaknesses of previous studies with the aim of providing an analytical pattern of pathology of depression focusing on self-compassion for depressed Iranian patients.

Methods and Materials: The present paper is based on the meta-analysis of previous works and papers. Accordingly, by analyzing the previous studies related to the disorders from databases such as Science Direct and Civilica, we extracted the most important indicators related to self-compassion for depressed patients out of 12 articles.

Findings: After qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Iranian and foreign studies, final synthesis was ultimately done on the 12 articles. The synthesis of articles related to the effect of self-compassion on depression and its intermediary factors showed that depression is closely related to emotions and that is of great importance in most of the studies conducted in this area.

Conclusions: It is possible to prevent and treat depression through self-compassion by pathology in three critical areas of emotion, including emotion regulation, emotional security and expressing emotion.

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Aim and Background: The number and variety of stressors that people face in elderly period have made it a necessity to pay attention to mental health, especially affective capital in this period. This study was administered with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of spirituality-based existentialism therapy and Islamic spiritual therapy on affective capital among elderly women.

Methods and Materials: The current study was a three group quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and two months follow up design. The sample consisted of 36 elderly women covered by Isfahan comprehensive health care centers who were selected based on convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental and one control group (each group 12 person). Experimental groups were treated with spirituality-based existentialism therapy and Islamic Spiritual therapy. Affective Capital Questionnaire (ACQ) was administered to three groups in three stages of research. Data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance trough SPSS version 24 software.

Findings: The results of this study showed that spirituality-based existentialism therapy and Islamic spiritual therapy had significant effect on increasing affective capital.

Conclusions: Spirituality-based existentialism therapy and Islamic spiritual therapy are two appropriate therapies to increase the affective capital of elderly women. They attended to the sessions of these two treatments, found meaning and purpose in life and every event.

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Aim and Background: The present study aimed to effectiveness of life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence (MEST) on depression among divorced women.
Methods and Materials: The researcher used intervention method after special stages with qualitative evaluation to intervention method to be effective in the improvement of target group life quality and health, especially in reduction depression. In quantitative part, the present study was quasi-experimental in type with two groups and pretest and posttest and follow-up. The 30 of divorced women under the coverage of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee and Naein Welfare Organization were selected convenience and were assigned into groups randomly. Data collecting in qualitative part was based on reading articles, related texts and interview which has been used under the opinions of psychology department professors to compile the educational-medical package and integrate them with special reminiscence. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was study instrument in quantitative part. Educational-medical intervention method was based on 11 sessions in experiment group to influence on depression in experiment group. The data were analyzed by repeated ANOVA.
Findings: The results showed that the life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence was effective on depression (p<.05).
Conclusions: According to findings, the integrated intervention of life management and memory specificity training (MEST) can create a new lifestyle and change the cognitive-behavioral system, and so transform the subjects’ thoughts and behavioral patterns compared to their previous condition. Also, it creates an optimistic insight to the subjects’ present and future life that leads to the improvement of the most important divorce-related disorder i.e. depression. On the other hand, by providing the training of proper behavioral patterns for the target population members, this intervention can create a better condition for these people in the future.
 

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Aim and Background: The present study aimed to effectiveness of life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence (MEST) on depression among divorced women.
Methods and Materials: The researcher used intervention method after special stages with qualitative evaluation to intervention method to be effective in the improvement of target group life quality and health, especially in reduction depression. In quantitative part, the present study was quasi-experimental in type with two groups and pretest and posttest and follow-up. The 30 of divorced women under the coverage of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee and Naein Welfare Organization were selected convenience and were assigned into groups randomly. Data collecting in qualitative part was based on reading articles, related texts and interview which has been used under the opinions of psychology department professors to compile the educational-medical package and integrate them with special reminiscence. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was study instrument in quantitative part. Educational-medical intervention method was based on 11 sessions in experiment group to influence on depression in experiment group. The data were analyzed by repeated ANOVA.
Findings: The results showed that the life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence was effective on depression (p<.05).
Conclusions: According to findings, the integrated intervention of life management and memory specificity training (MEST) can create a new lifestyle and change the cognitive-behavioral system, and so transform the subjects’ thoughts and behavioral patterns compared to their previous condition. Also, it creates an optimistic insight to the subjects’ present and future life that leads to the improvement of the most important divorce-related disorder i.e. depression. On the other hand, by providing the training of proper behavioral patterns for the target population members, this intervention can create a better condition for these people in the future.
 

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Aim and Background: Due to the differences in happiness index and its affecting factors in different geographical and organizational environments, in this study has developed the native model of the effective factors on employee happiness in Mobarakeh Steel Company in Isfahan.
Methods and Materials: This research is a descriptive type that has been done in terms of mixed methodology (including qualitative and quantitative methods) and its qualitative part is based on grounded theory approach and its quantitative part is correlation method. The study population of this project includes all of the Mobarakeh Steel of Isfahan personnel, 14529 people in 1398. By conducting semi-structured interview with 75 employees who were selected by cluster random samling and completion of a researcher-made questionnaire by 407 employees that selected purposefully and data analysis, five factors affecting happiness employees was developed including the foundations of happiness(Familial Communication, Communication types in workplace, Justice and Social Support, Material and Spiritual Reward), makers happiness(Positive thinking, Good mood, Targeted, Job security), happiness breakers(Stress, Sickness, Lack of justice, Inadequate Organizational Environment), happiness mechanisms(Emotional Intelligence, Intimacy, Social skills, Meeting basic needs) and consequences of happiness(Peace, Job and Familial Satisfaction, Health) and the native model of the effective factors on employees happiness. Research data were analyzed by using SPSS 21 and SMART-PLS3 structural equation modeling software at descriptive and inferential level and to perform model fitting was used PLS3 software.
Findings: The results showed that five factors of happiness foundations, happiness makers, happiness breakers, happiness mechanisms and happiness consequences has direct and indirect relationship with each other and the happiness native model of Mobarakeh steel company employees has a good fit(p<0.01).
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that five factors of foundations of happiness, happiness makers, happiness breakers, happiness mechanisms and consequences of happiness have mutual effects on each other and are affective factors on the happiness of Mobarakeh steel company employees.

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Aim and Background: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is one of the mood disorders of the fifth edition of the mental disorder’s diagnosis. This disorder begins in the childhood and causes many problems for parents, teachers, friends, and children themselves. This disorder, which is associated with social problems, is also very debilitating. The present study was conducted with the aim of constructing and initial reliability of the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder scale.
Methods and Materials: The method of this research is descriptive and instrument making; while its statistical population is all parents of children aged 6-12 year in Isfahan in the year 1397. Statistical samples included 300 people which were selected by available sampling. To collect the data for evaluation of this disorder, the researcher-made Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Scale (DMDDS) was used. To examine the scale items, quantitative and qualitative content reliability, quantitative and qualitative nominal reliability, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used.
Findings: Based on the parameters of impact coefficient index above 1.5, content reliability index above 0.62, reliability ratio above 0.70, and the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis’s, 24 scale items were kept in the instrument. Considering an eigenvalue above 1, four factors of impulsivity, performance, mood, and frustration were extracted. According to the obtained results, the four factors of this scale were able to predict 50.80% of the changes in the total scale. Also, a total scale reliability coefficient of 0.894 was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method.
Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the content reliability index as well as the nominal and structural scale which are designed for the parents, are acceptable and can be used to evaluate the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in children aged 6-12 year.

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Aim: The present study aims to be effective. Integrated life management was performed with Memory Specificity Training (MEST) on resilience in divorced women.
Methods: The intervention method was used by the researcher after special stages with qualitative evaluation to be able to improve the quality of life and health of the target group, especially in increasing resilience. In the quantitative part, the present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population was divorced women in Nain city, so 30 women under the auspices of Imam Relief and Welfare Committee of Nain city were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two alternative groups. Were. The collection of information in the qualitative section was based on the study of articles, relevant texts and interviews under the supervision of psychology professors, to develop a life management package and combine it with special reminder training after validation and validity (content, Formal and executive) were used. The research instruments in the quantitative part were Connor and Davidson resilience scale and educational-therapeutic intervention method in the experimental group based on 11 sessions. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the variability of resilience changed during the post-test and follow-up stages, which is significant compared to the pre-test stage (P <0.05). ). Also, the variable based on combining life management with Memory Specificity Training had a significant effect on the resilience component in divorced women (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be inferred that life management intervention method combined with special reminder training by creating a new lifestyle and changing the cognitive-behavioral system can change attitudes and behavioral patterns and Ultimately increase psychological resilience in divorced women

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Aim and Background: Sexual dysfunction and intimacy and marital quality are interrelated. Healthy sexual function of each spouse is one of the prominent and influential factors on the quality of marital relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on tendency to marital infidelity and quality of marital life in women with low sexual desire.
Methods and Materials: The research design was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. In order to conduct research among all women with low sexual desire who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan in 2021, 18 couples (n = 36) were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 18 for each group) and a control group (n = 18). To assess the research variables, Attitudes toward Infidelity scale (Whatley, 2006) and dyadic adjustment scale (Busby & et al 1995) were used in the pre-test and post-test stages, and the experimental group received emotional therapy for 10 sessions. The control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed by covariance test.
Findings: The results showed that emotion-oriented therapy was effective in reducing tendency to marital infidelity and increase the quality of marital life.  (p<.01).
Conclusions: Emotion focused couple therapy promotes marital intimacy and more bonding and attachment between couples through the de-escalation of negative cycles of interaction, changing interactional positions and facilitating the emergence of new solutions to old problems.

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Aim and Background: The spread of the corona virus at a high speed caused many attitudes, behaviors, habits and values of human beings to undergo serious changes in such a way that these changes led to a transformation in the way of life of the people. The aim of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the modification of habits in the face of the corona virus.
Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test with control group). The statistical population of the research was the contacts of the religious boards of Isfahan city, and the sample size was estimated to be 40 people using Cochran's formula. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and its content validity was checked and verified by the opinion of experts and experts, and its reliability was checked and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analyze the data, univariate (ANCOVA) and multivariate (MANCOVA) analysis of covariance methods were used.
Findings: The results showed that the educational package based on scientific and Islamic teachings was effective in improving social habits. Also, the eta square shows that 42% of the changes in the sociological component scores, 42.3% of the changes in the religious (Islamic) component scores, and 24.2% of the changes in the medical component scores in the experimental group were obtained as a result of the educational package intervention.
Conclusions: The findings of the research show that the educational package based on scientific and Islamic teachings has an effect on the sociological, religious (Islamic) and medical components in preventing the corona virus