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Aim and Background: Based on different theoretical explanations of the theory of social exchange increasing positive exchanges and decreasing negative exchanges is inherent in all approaches to intervention with couples. This study aimed to study the effect of cognitive self-compassion training on Social exchange styles among couples who were seeking divorce.

Methods and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test and follows up, as well as the control group. The study population consisted of all the couples seeking divorce who were referred to the counseling centers of Welfare Organization, Family Court and private centers in Shahreza city since April to October 2017 (N=300 couples). The sample included 30 voluntary couples that were randomly divided into two groups control and experimental. In the experimental group 10 training sessions were conducted with an average of 90- minutes.The participants answered to Social Exchange Styles Scale (Leybman et all, 2011) in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow up. Data were analyzed by Mixed Model ANOVA.

Findings: Cognitive self-compassion training had a significant effect on fairness (p<0.035), tracking (p<0.043), benefit-seeking (p<0.001) in the post-test and this effect remains constant after 3- months follow–up. Also the resalts showed in both post-test and follow- up in exprimental group, the mean score of fairness, tracking and benefit-seeking’s women is lower than men that showed cognitive self-compassion training significantly decreased fairness and tracking on women and improved benefit-seeking on men(p<0.001).

Conclusion: Since such training can be used as an effective intervention method to reduce favor equity, accurate monitoring costs and benefit, individualism and to improve overinvestment in exchange relationships between couples.

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Aim and Background: Regard to the impact of the sexual traumatic event on somatic and psychological functioning and the importance of this issue in students, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the severity of sexual trauma experience on somatic symptoms and the role of moderating cognitive emotion regulation strategies in Student girls abused.
Methods and Materials: The present research method was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population was all students aged 14 to 17 in Tehran province in the academic year of 1997-98. In this study, two areas were selected as available (Rudehen Education Area and Four Area). By screening the cases of sexual experience (sexual harassment and sexual abuse), 273 people participated in the analysis as the main sample. The data were collected by checklist of Traumatic Experiences of Nugent Hues and Wonder Hart & Kruger (2002), Cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire Garnefsky et al. (2001), Greek’s Mental Health Questionnaire (2015), and analyzed using correlation, bootstrap test, and conditional effects.
Findings: The results of the present study showed that among the strategies of emotion regulation, Catastrophizing and rumination positivity, and acceptance negatively, were able to significantly moderate the effects severity of the experience of sexual trauma on somatic symptoms.
Conclusions: Due to the moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between the severity of sexual experience and somatic symptoms in order to promote physical health and reduce somatic symptoms, it is recommended to develop programs to study the history of trauma, especially sexual trauma in adolescents with somatic symptoms, and also by training the emotion regulation consistence strategies, effective interventions should be performed.

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Aim and Background: Studies have shown that mindfulness affects many psychological variables. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on sexual dysfunction and sexual satisfaction in women with meta-marital relationships.
Methods and Materials: The research method is quasi-experimental and applied. The research design was pre-test, post-test and experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women with spouses with meta-marital relationship referring to Tehran Psychological Health Clinic. As a quasi-experimental type of study, 29 patients (control and experimental groups) were selected as sample size based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Research instruments consisted of Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ) and FSFI. In the present study, the shapiro wilk test was used to investigate the normal distribution of data. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, repeated measures test and Bonferroni post hoc test.
Findings: The results showed that due to the difference between the means of sexual satisfaction and sexual function, scores from pre-test to post-test increased. There was also a significant difference between the mean post-test and follow-up of sexual satisfaction and sexual function in the experimental group (p <0.001). The difference between pre-test and post-test for sexual satisfaction and sexual function in the control group was not significant (p = 0.552). There was also a decrease in mean post-test and follow-up of sexual satisfaction and sexual function in control group (p = 0.906).
Conclusions: It seems that mindfulness can affect many psychological variables such as sexual disorders and sexual satisfaction of women with spouses with meta-marital relationships. Further research is recommended to increase external validity.

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Aim and Background: Sexual abuse of children and adolescences is a global phenomenon. These behaviors have a destructive effect on the mental health of adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of integrative Acceptance Commitment-Cognitive Behavioral therapy (ACT-CBT) and parent management training (PMT) on the post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms of adolescent boy with sexual abuse.
Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental, and research design was three groups (one group ACT-CBT, one group PMT and one group of control) with three stages of pre-test, post-test and two months follow-up. The statistical population of the study was adolescent boy aged 14 to 18 years old with sexual abuse in Isfahan, among them 45 people were selected based on inclusion criteria and then randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The dependent variable measurement instrument was the Weathers et al (1994) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Syndrome Questionnaire. The ACT-CBT and PMT received treatment in 10 sessions. The data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance and post-hoc Bonferroni test.
Findings: The results showed that integrative ACT-CBT reduces the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescent boy with sexual abuse (P<.001), but PMT had no effect on reducing the post-traumatic stress disorder (P<.05).
Conclusions: According to the research findings, it is suggested that the integrative ACT-CBT should be used in the treatment of boy adolescents who encountered with sexual abuse to reduce the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.

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Aim and Background: Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common disorders among women and is usually associated with by a clinically significant disturbance in a person's ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and female sexual dysfunction.
Methods and Materials: The research was descriptive-correlational. Its statistical population included all married female students of Shahroud universities. Four hundred married female students in Shahroud universities were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Participants responded to the female sexual function index (FSFI), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), and the self‑report measures of child abuse (CASRS). The present research data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software and structural equation modeling method.
Findings: The results of this study showed that there are a significant relation between childhood maltreatment, sexual dysfunction and cognitive emotion regulation. Also, cognitive emotion regulation mediated the relationship childhood maltreatment and female sexual dysfunction.
Conclusion: The results of the present study support the hypothesis that negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and female sexual dysfunction.

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Aim and Background: Affective-sexual needs are as important motivational forces that have a vital role in the stability and enhancing of quality of marital life. Then the main goal of the current research was the comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) and acceptance commitment therapy (ACT) approaches on enhancing affective-sexual needs among Nonclinical Couples in Bandar Abbas city, Iran.
Methods and Materials: The research design was semi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, and follow up. The statistical population of this study includes of nonclinical couples that participated in the training course about life skills and cyberspace. 48 subjects were selected through a convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of interventions, CBCT and ACT, and one control group. Each couple in intervention groups received 12 sessions and 90 minutes of therapy. Affective-Sexual Needs of Iranian Couples scale (2020) used for gathering data and analysis of variance with repeated measures tests used for analyzing data by using SPSS 19 software.
Findings: The result showed that both CBCT and ACT interventions were effective to enhance affective-sexual couple's needs. Moreover, comparing the effectiveness of CBCT and ACT approaches showed that the ACT approach was more effective in enhancing of three dimensions of affective-sexual couple's needs include avoiding discouraging behaviors, affection-sexual needs, physical-sexual needs.
Conclusions: It seems the implementation of CBCT and ACT interventions are useful for enhancing affective-sexual couple's needs. This could influence other dimensions of marital life such as marital satisfaction and marital quality.

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Aim and Background: Conflicts in the family create issues and problems at the individual, institutional and social levels. Marital conflicts and divorce after sudden death in the family are considered to be the most important stressors in the family. The purpose of this study is to predict marital conflicts based on life skills and attachment styles mediated by sexual satisfaction and love story of couples.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population of this study included all couples who referred to counseling centers under the supervision of the Judiciary in Arak who had referred to these centers in a period of 6 months in 1398. The total statistical population was 600 couples (1200 people) and 146 couples (292 people) were selected as the statistical sample by available sampling method. Data collection tool: Hazan and Shiver Attachment Styles Scale Questionnaire (1993); Marital Conflict Scale Sanaei et al. (2000); Saatchi et al.'s Life Skills Scale (2010); The Larson Sexual Satisfaction Scale (1988) and the Sternberg Love Story Scale were standardized by (Alaei and Karami, 2007), all of which had validity and reliability. This study was a correlational study that was performed by structural equation modeling.
Findings: The results showed that both sexual satisfaction and love story can play a mediating role in predicting marital conflicts based on life skills and attachment styles.
Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that sexual satisfaction can balance the relationship between attachment styles and marital conflict and reduce the rate of marital conflict. Also, the love story in the relationship between life skills and marital conflicts can reduce these conflicts.

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Aim and Background: Sexual dysfunction and intimacy and marital quality are interrelated. Healthy sexual function of each spouse is one of the prominent and influential factors on the quality of marital relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on tendency to marital infidelity and quality of marital life in women with low sexual desire.
Methods and Materials: The research design was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. In order to conduct research among all women with low sexual desire who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan in 2021, 18 couples (n = 36) were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 18 for each group) and a control group (n = 18). To assess the research variables, Attitudes toward Infidelity scale (Whatley, 2006) and dyadic adjustment scale (Busby & et al 1995) were used in the pre-test and post-test stages, and the experimental group received emotional therapy for 10 sessions. The control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed by covariance test.
Findings: The results showed that emotion-oriented therapy was effective in reducing tendency to marital infidelity and increase the quality of marital life.  (p<.01).
Conclusions: Emotion focused couple therapy promotes marital intimacy and more bonding and attachment between couples through the de-escalation of negative cycles of interaction, changing interactional positions and facilitating the emergence of new solutions to old problems.

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Aim and Background: This study examines the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in the treatment of women with orgasmic disorder and compares it with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Although this approach is widely used in psychotherapy, it has recently been introduced in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction.
Methods: Through a randomized clinical trial, 50 married women who received the diagnosis of orgasm disorder were included in the study. After introducing the study and informed consent, 25 women were randomly assigned to the intervention group (mindfulness-based interventions) and 25 women to the control group (cognitive-behavioral therapy). It was explained to the clients that the evaluation of their interventions is done through the research protocol, and finally they were blinded about their intervention. Also, all the data were provided to the researcher and statistical consultant based on blind codes.
Findings: With 95% certainty, it can be concluded that compared to the results recorded before the intervention, interventions based on mindfulness improved the symptoms of women suffering from orgasmic disorder during the study period which confirmed a significant interaction between treatment and time. Multivariate analysis of variance between the participant's results of orgasm assessment questionnaire scores confirmed the significant changes over time for each of the two groups. It is also concluded that the effect of the interventions over time was significantly greater in the intervention group.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that therapists should consider helping clients develop mindfulness skills during sexual experiences. Sexual mindfulness provides a skill that people can develop without the involvement of their partner and may help people make more efforts to promote sexual health and improve the quality of sex.

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Aim and Background: Childhood is one of the most important stages of life, in this period of life, all kinds of sexual harassment may occur for children. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of sex education in sexually abused children and normal children.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research was children aged 7 to 12 years in the southwest of Tehran in 1400. The statistical sample of this research consisted of 15 sexually abused children and 15 normal children in the 16^th and 19^th district of Tehran, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The research tools were Russell, Peplau and Cutrona isolation questionnaire (1978), California Clark et al.'s social adjustment questionnaire (1953) and Gresham and Elliott's social skills questionnaire (1990), which were implemented on both groups of children. Finally, the data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance methods with the help of SPSSV22 software.
Findings: The findings showed that sexual education training is more effective on increasing adaptation and social skills at the confidence level of 99% (P<0.01) and reducing isolationism at the confidence level of 95% (P<0.05) of sexually abused children compared to normal children.
Conclusions: The findings of the research show that sex education can reduce children's behavioral problems and improve their adaptation and social skills, and therefore, sex education should be prioritized for abused children.

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Aim and Background: Sexual aggression and rape is one of the most challenging concepts in the current era; so the aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of The Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression (AMMSA) Scale in the Iranian population. For this purpose, factor structure, validity and reliability of the scale was examined.
Methods and Materials: A sample group of 937 Iranian people living in Iran who were between 20 and 50 years old, were selected by convenience sampling method; Then they completed the scale of The Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the factor structure of the scale, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the validity, and Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the internal consistency of the components of this scale. Intra-class correlation coefficient was also used to evaluate the reliability of the retest.
Findings: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the AMMSA scale has an acceptable factor structure. Cronbach's alpha coefficients obtained from all components (above 0.9) also showed that this scale has a good internal consistency and also the correlation coefficients of Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) confirmed divergent and convergent validity of the scale, respectively (P<0.001).
Conclusions: The results showed that The Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression (AMMSA) Scale has appropriate validity and reliability in Iranian population.