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The Effectiveness of the Kazdin Method for Parenting on Parent-Child Relationships among the Students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Maryam Fooladvand, Mohammad Ali Nadi, Ahmad Abedi , Ilnaz Sajjadian,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (5-2018)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a gradual and chronic one always interacting with Cook’s interpersonal relationships and academic performance. Parenting is one of the effective methods for ODD, in which parents learn how to treat their children. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Kazdin method for parenting on parent-child relationships among the students with ODD.

Methods and Materials: The study employed a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest as well as 90-day follow-up and control group design. Of the students with ODD, based on the score above the cut-off point in the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and clinical interview by school’s consultant 30 students were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each group contained 15 participants). The experimental group received the Kazdin method for parenting for twelve 90-minute sessions. The participants answered to Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.

Findings: The Kazdin method for parenting training significantly increased the parent-child relationships in the subscales of proximity, the general positive relationship, the reduction of conflict, and dependence in children with ODD (p<0.001).

Conclusions: The Kazdin method for parenting training has increased the parent-child relationships in children with ODD. According to the results of this study, the Kazdin method for parenting can be an effective way to improve parent-child relationships among students with ODD.


Structural Model of Effects of Perceived Parenting Styles, Personality, Moral Reasoning and Personal Identity on Moral Identity
Fozieh Hoseini Tabatabaee, Shole Amiri, Mohamm Adali Nadi,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to exams the moral identity model based on personality traits, moral reasoning, perceived parenting styles and personal identity of adolescence.
Materials and Methods: The research method was a descriptive - correlation design. Statistical population was secondary high school students who were studying in Mashhad in the academic year 2019-20. Subjects were selected through the random cluster sampling (199 high school students). They completed Benion & Adamz's Self-identity Scale (1986), Neo Personality scale (1985), Rest's Defining Issues Test (1999), Bamerind's Perceived Parenting Style Scale (1973) and Aquino & Reed's moral Identity Scale (2002). Data analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM).
Findings: Findings showed that the proposed model of moral identity based on the variables has a good fit. Internal correlation is significant in most research variables, the results have shown that the direct effects of moral reasoning on moral identity, personality traits on identity state and on reasoning moral and moral identity was meaningful. The effect of parenting styles on identity state and moral reasoning and identity state on moral identity was significant. The results also showed that all indirect effects of the model are also significant. Moral reasoning was the mediator of the effect of each personality variable on moral identity and the effect of parenting styles on moral identity. In addition, the results indicate an indirect and significant effect of personality traits and parenting styles on moral identity through the mediation of personal identity and personality traits and parenting style on moral identity through the mediation of identity bases
Conclusion: According to the findings, apart from the role of each proposed variable in moral identity, personality traits and parenting styles have a mediating role in the development of moral identity by influencing personal identity and moral reasoning.
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