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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) on reducing the symptoms of social avoidance and distress in people with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) . Materials and Methods: This was semi-experimental study was a pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of Semnan University in the academic year of 2017-2018. Among them, 20 Students were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned 10 subjects to the experimental group and 10 subjects to the control group. Students were screened for social anxiety disorder and diagnosis of other disorders from Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-4 (SCID-4) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). The experimental group received individual VRET for 12 sessions, 30 minutes each week. Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) was administered among the selected sample as pretest. VRET was performed in experimental group, and again, the questionnaires were administered among the participants as posttest. Findings: The results showed that VRET is effective in reducing social avoidance and distress symptoms in in people with SAD. Conclusion: The results showed the effectiveness of this therapeutic model on reducing the symptoms of social anxiety. This method can be used as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of SAD and other same disorders.

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Aim and Background: As one of the most common learning disabilities, dyslexia is associated with a delayed reading ability and characterized by a considerable failure in the development of vocabulary recognition skills and reading comprehension.The purpose of the study was to compare the efficiency of neuropsychological and Davis method interventions on reading performance of dyslexic students of first and second grade elementary in Esfahan city.The research was experimental with pre-test, post-test, follow up and control group design.

Methods and Materials: The study population included all the dyslexic students of first and second grade elementary in the school year 2015-2016 in Esfahan city. The sample included 45 dyslexic students who were selected by cluster random sampling and were divided into three groups so that 15 of them were treated with neuropsychological methods, 15 of them with Davis method and there was no intervention on the rest of them. The research tools included reading disorder diagnosis test based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), teacher-made reading performance test, Raven's intelligence test for children and Test Of Language Development (TOLD). After the interventions, the reading test and reading performance test were conducted and the data were analyzed by SPSS software and multivariate covariance analysis.

Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the post-test average scores of experimental groups and the control group in the reading test (p≤0.001). The results of paired comparison also showed that the post-test average scores of neuropsychological group are greater than Davis group’s scores in the Language Coordinate (p≤0.001).

Conclusions: That as language has many neuropsychological bases, it can play an important role in one's reception and expressionSome neuropsychological skills such as attention, memory and executive functions, etc are the preconditions of the receptive language and, hence, neuropsychological skills are the essential steps in the acquisition of language.

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Aim and Background: Death anxiety plays an important role in panic disorder. Women with panic disorder experience higher death anxiety than other types of anxiety disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of death anxiety and the strategies to deal with that in women with panic disorder.

Methods and Materials: This study was conducted using the underlying theory approach. Date was collected by semi- structured interviews with 13 women with panic disorder. The data was analyzed using Strauss and Corbin methods, which included open, axial and selective coding.

Findings: Findings of the causes of death anxiety included 4 main categories: (related to oneself, related to others, nature of death, related to the Afterword) and also contains 7 initial concepts: (revealing human weakness, stopping of life, death of loved ones, destiny of loved ones, dying process, lack of there recognition of death and afterwards and the punishment for the sins). Their strategies of confronting included two main categories: (avoidance strategies, consolation strategies) plus that seven basic concepts are also engaged: (limiting relationships, avoiding situations related to death, considering God’s mercy, abandoning the idea of death, charity, promising positive ideas to oneself, staying in fear).

Conclusions: In addition to self- related factors, factors related to others, the unknown nature of death and the afterlife were involved in causing death anxiety in women with panic disorder. They use avoidant and repressive solutions that do not provide them with sufficient effectiveness.

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Aim and Background: Health care workers were one of the main groups under massive pressure without sufficient resources and equipment during Coronavirus outbreak. So, the aim of the present study was to explore and determine the challenges of health care workers encounter during serving patients who suffered coronavirus.
Methods and Materials: In this study, Qualitative-descriptive method was used. The statistical population of the study included all health care workers including physicians and nurses who worked in coronavirus parts of the hospitals of Qom city from the beginning of disease outbreak. eleven Health care workers by purposeful sampling were selected and using saturation criteria went through semi structured in depth interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data.
Findings: The findings included 9 themes(experiencing psychological distress and negative emotions, experiencing difficulty and work pressure, lack of using mental health experts and sufficient psychological skills, not being prepared to encounter disease, lack of sufficient knowledge, occupational conflict experience, and decrease of interpersonal relationship and Coronavirus stigma, disagreement and tension with family members, experiencing frustration and helplessness due to the nature of the disease) and 22 subthemes.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that health care workers had challenges with areas of emotions, interpersonal and family relationships, and working environments and job difficulties. For this purpose, it is necessary to use strategies such as using mental health professionals for health care workers and their families, creating adequate preparation before the outbreak in terms of equipment, personnel, necessary training about the disease and its process, skill training health care workers and making various incentives.

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Aim and Background: Conflicts in the family create issues and problems at the individual, institutional and social levels. Marital conflicts and divorce after sudden death in the family are considered to be the most important stressors in the family. The purpose of this study is to predict marital conflicts based on life skills and attachment styles mediated by sexual satisfaction and love story of couples.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population of this study included all couples who referred to counseling centers under the supervision of the Judiciary in Arak who had referred to these centers in a period of 6 months in 1398. The total statistical population was 600 couples (1200 people) and 146 couples (292 people) were selected as the statistical sample by available sampling method. Data collection tool: Hazan and Shiver Attachment Styles Scale Questionnaire (1993); Marital Conflict Scale Sanaei et al. (2000); Saatchi et al.'s Life Skills Scale (2010); The Larson Sexual Satisfaction Scale (1988) and the Sternberg Love Story Scale were standardized by (Alaei and Karami, 2007), all of which had validity and reliability. This study was a correlational study that was performed by structural equation modeling.
Findings: The results showed that both sexual satisfaction and love story can play a mediating role in predicting marital conflicts based on life skills and attachment styles.
Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that sexual satisfaction can balance the relationship between attachment styles and marital conflict and reduce the rate of marital conflict. Also, the love story in the relationship between life skills and marital conflicts can reduce these conflicts.

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Aim and Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the diseases that can limit the function of the lungs and consequently the function of the patient's whole body. Therefore, research related to this disease can be effective. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain the severity of symptoms in patients with COPD based on health-promoting style with a mediating role of personality traits.
Methods and Materials: The present study was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all patients with COPD who referred to the health center of Kosar Hospital in Semnan for a period of 1 year from April to March 2016. 205 people were selected by random sampling method and completed the research questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling using SPSS_V19 and LISREL_V8.80 software.
Findings: The results showed that health promotion has a negative and significant effect on neurosis and disease severity. Health promotion has a positive and significant effect on other personality traits (P<0.01). The results also showed that the health-promoting lifestyle variable has an indirect and significant effect on the severity of symptoms due to extraversion (-0.13) and conscientiousness (-0.15).
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the variables of personality traits and health-promoting style were related to the severity of symptoms in patients with COPD and had a direct and indirect effect on it. Therefore, experts' knowledge of these variables can help to improve the lifestyle of people with COPD.