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Aim and Background:   Academic procrastination is an irrational desire to delay educational homework, and it is a widespread phenomenon. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the cognitive-emotional model of academic procrastination with regard to the role of mindfulness, time perception, and mediating role of self-efficacy, exam anxiety and perfectionism. Method and Materials: The present study is a correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of Shahid Beheshti University. The study sample consisted of 200 students were selected by convenience sampling method. The data were collected using Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS), Test Anxiety Scale (TAS), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), Self-efficacy Scale (SES) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). In order to test structural relations in the proposed model, the method of Structural Equations Model (SEM) was used. Findings: The results showed that the modified conceptual model was confirmed with CFI=0.90 and RMSE=0.058. The relationship between the academic procrastination and mindfulness is negative and significant (P<0.001). Generally, there is a difference between the modified model with the conceptual model in the indirect effect of the test anxiety through reduction of self-efficacy on academic performance and the effect of time estimates on mindfulness. Conclusions: Based on the results, mindfulness-based methods are proposed to reduce academic procrastination due to the role of self-efficacy and test anxiety. In general, the results of the present study are in line with the set of conceptual efforts in the area of academic procrastination studies.

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Aim and Background: Dyslexia has many effects on students' psychological status in addition to academic problems. Regarding this issue, the present study aimed to develop a Reading Improvement Comprehensive Program (RICP) and its effectiveness on the academic success and resilience of students with dyslexia.

Methods and Materials: This study was a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with unequal control group. For sample selection, 30 students were selected from among dyslexic students in Isfahan who had inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), the Dyslexia Comprehensive Diagnostic Test (DCDT), the Academic Success Scale (ASS) and the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) were used. The RICP for 16 weeks was provided only to students in the experimental group. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS software.

Findings: The results indicated that the RICP had a significant effect on students' academic success and academic resilience (p= 0.001).

Conclusions: It can be stated that the RICP improves the academic success and resilience of students through consideration of new conceptualizations in the field of dyslexia as well as the expressed emotion by primary caregivers.

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Aim and Background: Systematic Motivational Counseling (SMC) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), with emphasis on motivational structure modification, and the acceptance of life’s problems, can improve conflict resolution styles of incompatible marital women. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of SMC and ACT on conflict resolution styles of incompatible marital women. Methods and Materials: The method of this study was semi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test design and three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of all incompatible women who referred to counseling centers in Arak city in 2018. Therefore, 36 participants were selected and randomly assigned to two test groups and one control. Data were collected in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages with Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II). The experimental group members participated separately in 10 SMC sessions and 12 ACT sessions after running the pre-test. For data analysis, analysis of variance with repeated measures test were used. Findings: The results indicated that the effect of SMC and ACT on conflict resolution styles was significant and stable (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was significant difference between the effectiveness of SMC and ACT on avoidance and compromise styles (p<0.05). Conclusions: SMC and ACT interventions can be effective in improving the conflict resolution styles of incompatible marital women.

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Aim and Background: Many women begin their marital life with high intimate relationships, but with time, these intimate relationships are becoming less and more difficult, and it is just when then couple burnout has begun. The purpose of this study was to comparison of the effectiveness of mindfulness education and Emotional Focused Therapy (EFT) on couple intimacy, commitment and happiness women with couple burnout. Methods and Materials: The semi-experimental study was performed as pretest-posttest with a control group. The population included all women with couple burnout who was referred to the charity of association Baghiyato Allah Al-Azam Khomeini City in 2018. From this population 36 people were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to three group mindfulness (12 person), EFT (12 person) and control (12 person). Both experimental groups received eight 90 minute training sessions. The study instrument was Couple Intimacy Questionnaire (CIQ), Couple Commitment Questionnaire (CCQ), Marital Happiness Scale (MHS) and Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). Data was analyzed by SPSS software using Multivariate Covariance Analysis (MANCOVA) and One way Covariance Analysis (ANCOVA). Findings: The finding showed that a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in intimacy (p=.001, F=37.94), commitment (p=.001, F=30.77) and couple happiness (p=.001, F=58.29) in the post- test phase. Also there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of mindfulness and EFT on intimacy, commitment and intimacy happiness (p>.05). Conclusions: According to the finding of research it can be concluded that the mindfulness and EFT can increase the level of intimacy, commitment and couple happiness. Therefore, it is recommended that counselors and therapists use these two approaches as an effective treatment for enhancing intimacy, commitment and couple happiness.

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Aim and Background: One of the most important specifications of marital relationships in cycles and communicational patterns, which emerge among them anf may be fixing by repetition. Aim of this research was to comparison the effectiveness of Emotionally focused approach, Gottman’s relationship Enrichment on woman’s Communication patterns.

Methods and Materials: This research was a quasi-experimental field research with pre-posttest and control group with three-months follow up. The statistical population of the study consisted of women in Khomein city who referred to Faraz Counseling Center in 2017 due to communication problems with their spouses. 36 of them were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and one control group. To collect the data, Communication Patterns Questionnaire (Christensen & Salvey, 1984) was used. To analyze the data, Ancova and Bonferroni analysis were used.

Findings: The findings showed that there was a significant difference in the communication patterns between the test and control groups in the post-test and follow up stages, so that the emotionally focused approach and enrichment of the relationship were able to significantly decrease the communication patterns Avoidance, Demand Withdraw and enhancement of mutual constructive communication model in both post-test and follow-up phases. Also, the results of the Bonferroni test showed that the difference between the group of emotionally focused approach and the Gottman enrichment group in women's communication patterns was meaningful; hence, the Gottman enrichment approach was more effective than the emotionally focused approach on communication patterns.

Conclusions: Therefore, it is possible to use both approaches, especially the Gottman's enrichment approach to improve couples' communication patterns and ultimately increase the quality of marital life.

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Aim and Background: Divorce as a social injury has increased in recent years in Iran and worldwide. Researchers have cited a variety of causes, including: severe belief differences, different upbringings, maladaptive personality traits, etc. which lead to conflict and eventually divorce. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence divorce in early marriages.

Methods and Materials: In this research, Grand Theory method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. For this purpose, 20 samples were selected by purposive method. Depth and open interviews were used to collect data. The transcripts were transcribed and then analyzed using the open, fundamental, and selective coding method introduced by Corbin in his book. Evaluators' judgment was also used to increase the validity of the data.

Findings: From the findings of this study, four main concepts were identified that illustrated the structure of conflict. These included: social, family, economic, personality. The results of the study, characterized by open, fundamental, and selective coding, showed that factors such as inappropriate age, forced marriage, lack of understanding of the role of men and women, personality and cultural differences, inadequate social and communication skills, economic issues, Interference, lack of support network, unrealistic expectations of spouse, unmet needs, identity confusion, negative emotions and lack of emotion, negative parental communication pattern, family turmoil, gross differences between couples (school, appearance, family, personality) Insecure attachment and psychological inflexibility accelerate conflict and divorce.

Conclusions: It seems that couples' enjoyment of pre-marriage counseling and awareness and understanding of themselves and the opposite sex and responsible and mature decision-making can play an important role in success of marriage.

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Aim and Background: Marital infidelity is one of the factors interfering with family health and the most important factor threatening the performance, stability and continuity of marital relationships. The study aimed to investigate the process of infidelity of men.

Material and Methods: present study was conducted with a qualitative approach-theoretical survey. The study population consisted of all women who experienced infidelity and referred to the socio-psychiatric clinic of the Noor Hospital. The study sample included eight female victims of marital infidelity who were purposefully selected. The main data collection method in this research was semi-organized or non-organized interview.

Findings: The results of the interviews were summarized in four categories of underlying factors of infidelity, deterrents and inhibitors, reactions and consequences. The underlying factors included individual, interpersonal and economic factors, deterrents included individual and interpersonal factors. Inhibitors included maternal affection, unilateral responsibility and paternity of wife, loving children by the man, and the attachment of the man to religious obligations. Reactions included reveal of the infidelity by the wife, the wife’s ignorance, the attempt to discover the truth, vigilance, grief, denial, and consequences included the attempts for revenge, silence, and attempts to rebuild the relationship.

Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, consideration of the underlying factors of infidelity and the individual characteristics of the couple has a significant role in the stability or instability of marital relationship. Consideration of these factors by advisers and couple therapists can be effective in improving the marital stability.

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Aim and Background: Substance abuse disorder or addiction is complex behavioral problems arising from many interacting factors, including social, cultural, environmental, psychological and biological. Therefore, the aim of this study was prediction of addiction potential using developmental assets in adolescents.

Methods and Materials: This study was a descriptive-correlational research. To achieve this purpose, 500 students (250 boys, 250 girls) of 10 and 11 grades in Arak were selected by stage cluster sampling. The participants completed Iranian Addiction Preparedness Scale (IAPS) and Developmental Assets Profile (DAP). Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using Pearson correlation and regression analysis.

Findings: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between developmental assets and its dimensions with addiction potential and its components in adolescents (p<.05). Also, developmental assets and its dimensions predict the addiction potential and its components (p<.05).

Conclusions: Results of present study showed that developmental assets an important role in predicting addiction potential in adolescents. Therefore, consideration of these predictive variables by researchers, specialists, therapists, and planners seems necessary to prevent drug substance abuse disorder or addiction.

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Aim and Background: Recognizing and examining the factors that contribute to the consolidation of marriage and the social institution of the family can be a useful step towards promoting the culture of society. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the model of marital commitment based on attachment styles mediated by self-differentiation.

Methods and Materials: In a correlational study, among the married students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran in 2017, using the available sampling method, 400 persons (200 women) were selected. They participated in the study, completed the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised (DSIR), and Marital Commitment Questionnaire (MCQ). Data were analyzed through multiple regression in two stages in a, and b paths and c path.

Findings: Results showed that safe and anxiety attachment styles significantly explain the variance of self-differentiation. Also, safe and anxiety attachment styles significantly explain the variance of marital commitment. Finally, self-differentiation can significantly explain the variance of marital commitment. The results show that self-differentiation has mediator role in relationship between safe and anxiety attachment styles with marital commitment.

Conclusion: The results showed that since marriage and marital relationship are one of the important decisions in adulthood, focusing on attachment styles in adults can be supplemented with pre-marital education on marital commitment and continuity of relationships in couples.

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Aim and Background: Suicide as one of the leading causes of death worldwide is a major public health concern; however, few studies have examined the factors influencing it in families on the verge of divorce. To determine the prediction of tendency to suicide based on the difficulty of emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, family flexibility, and distress tolerance in adolescents and young families on the eve of divorce in Isfahan.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a descriptive correlation that was performed in the statistical population of all adolescents and young families on the eve of divorce in Isfahan in the second six months of 2019-2020. According to the Cochran's formula, 373 people were selected and answered Beck scale for suicide ideation, difficulties in emotion regulation scale, cognitive flexibility inventory, family flexibility questionnaire and distress tolerance scale. Data collected by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were analyzed using SPSS-24 software.
Findings: The research findings showed that difficulty in emotion regulation a positive and significant relationship with the tendency to suicide. Cognitive flexibility, family flexibility and distress tolerance have a negative and significant relationship with tendency to suicide (P<0/01). Data from stepwise regression analysis also showed that cognitive flexibility and difficulty in emotion regulation have a combined ability to predict 17% of variance changes in tendency to suicide (P<0/01).
Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that difficulty in emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility play an important role in the tendency to suicide in adolescents and young families on the eve of divorce.

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Aim and Background: The birth of a disabled child influences a wonderful effect on parents psych especially mothers. The birth of disabled child could be let parents down and cause to be hard to cope with. Therefore, the present research aimed to study of effectiveness of native solution-focused therapy based on narrations of mothers with mentally retarded children on their resilience.
Methods and Materials: The research method of this paper was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and control group design. The research population include all mothers who has disable child and were referred to Welfare Organization of Arak in the first 3-month of 2019 year. The research sample includes 40 mothers who were selected randomly among research population (each group 20 subjects). To gather the data Conner and Davidson’s questionnaire was used. The experimental group received solution-focused therapy intervention and the subjects of control group were in waitlist. Analyzing the data carried out by Repeated Measure ANOVA.
Findings: The results showed that native solution-focused therapy intervention has been effective on resiliency of mothers with disabled children (p<.05).
Conclusions: According to the findings, it seems to intervention of native solution-focused therapy based on narrations of mothers with disabled children on increasing of their resilience has been effective. Theoretical and practical implications discussed in this research.

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Aim and Background: Research has shown that resolving interpersonal conflicts is as important as social relationships, especially between couples; therefore, the present study aimed to predict the pattern of conflict resolution styles based on differentiation, cognitive flexibility with mediating the role of compassion in young men and women with conflict.
Methods and Materials: This study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included men and women with marital conflict in kashan. The sample of this study consisted of 393 couples with marital conflict who were selected by convenience sampling and included in the research questionnaires including the conflict resolution skills (Strauss et al. 1990), self-compassion (Nef, 2003), cognitive flexibility questionnaire (Dennis and Vander Wal, & Jillon, 2010) and differentiation of self-inventory (skowron and Schmitt, 2003). The research data were analyzed by path analysis and structural equations by AMOS statistical software.
Findings: The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit and self-compassion can play a mediating role between flexibility and negotiation conflict resolution style and psychological aggression as well as between self-differentiation and negotiation conflict resolution styles and physical aggression (P ≤ 0.001).
Conclusions: Given the effects of marital conflict on couples, families and society, identifying the variables involved in this important can provide a basis for planning to prevent and treat destructive styles of marital conflict resolution and it seems that self-differentiation and self-compassion is one of the effective variables in improving the conflict resolution techniques used in men and women with marital conflict.

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Aim and Background: Research has shown that parental empowerment in relation to children and their problems can be effective; therefore, the purpose of this study was the effectiveness of parental empowerment program for families with adopted children on the variables of parenting stress and parent-child relationship.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population included parents with adopted children in Tehran in 2020. Thirty parents were selected as the sample group by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Using a pre-test-post-test pilot design with the control group, parents first completed the parenting stress and parent-child relationship questionnaires and then performed the parental empowerment test application in 8 sessions on the experimental group and after the post-test sessions for both groups were presented. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data using SPSSV19 software.
Findings: The results showed that the parental empowerment program was effective on parenting stresses (p <0.004) and parent-child relationship (p= 0.008) and made a significant difference between the experimental and control groups.
Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the parent empowerment training program with adopted children is effective on parenting tensions and parent-child relationship and therefore the knowledge of counselors, family, psychology and other experts in this study can be helpful.  

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and Background: Research has shown that teacher education systems can be affected by social crises such as Covid-19, so the purpose of this study is to provide a model of personality components and psychological factors affecting teacher teaching during the outbreak of Covid-19.
Methods and Materials: The research method is descriptive correlation and path analysis using structural equations. The statistical population of the study is all primary school teachers in District 2 of Mashhad who are teaching in the 98-97 academic year. The studies revealed that 873 people are teaching in primary schools, of which 329 were women and 544 were men. The instruments used in the present study are the Transformational Teaching Questionnaire, the Social Factors Questionnaire and the Hexaco Personality Factors Questionnaire, which were completed by the sample members in accordance with the ethical principles of the research. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equations with partial least squares approach using LISREL software.
Findings: Statistical findings showed a good fit of the model and significant confirmation of the researcher model (P≥0.001).
Conclusions: It seems that paying attention to personality components is an important factor in providing teaching during the outbreak of Covid-19.

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Aim and Background: Mothers' negative perfectionism has a wide range of negative effects on children, but the role of this trait on creativity is not yet clear; therefore, the aim of this study was the mediating role of academic motivation in the relationship between mothers' negative perfectionism and creativity of second grade elementary school students.
Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population was all students of the second year of elementary school in Dilijan in 2021 with their mothers, totaling 2,642 people. From the mentioned society, 335 student-mothers were selected as a sample by random cluster method. The creativity questionnaire of Mohammadyari et al. (2005) and The Elementary School Motivation Scale of Guay et al. (2005) were completed by the students and the Besharat Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (2006) was completed by the mothers. Data analysis was performed using regression analysis and SPSS26.
Findings: The results showed that while confirming the direct effect of negative parental perfectionism on the creativity of elementary school students, the mediating role of external regulation and intrinsic motivation in this relationship can be confirmed (P<0.001).
Conclusions: According to the findings, in order to increase students' creativity, it is necessary to focus on reducing mothers' negative perfectionism. If mothers are unwilling to cooperate, the negative effects of parental perfectionism in this field can be reduced by increasing students' academic motivation