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Aim and Background: Today different doses of drugs are used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Non-medical treatments such as physical activity have recently been considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of endurance training along with methylphenidate consumption on Behavioral symptoms in male rats with ADHD.

Methods and Materials: A laboratory research method was used. The subjects were 40 Wistar rats (mean and standard deviation of 181.78 ± 8.39 g) and aged 8-12 weeks. A 5-member group (mean and standard deviation of 182.6 ± 51.6 g) were randomly selected for sampling and blood sampling, and 35 rats (mean and standard deviation of 181.66 ± 8.09 g) to 5 Group 7 (control group and 4 groups of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: methylphenidate use, endurance training, methylphenidate use and endurance training, without methylphenidate and no endurance training). 10 mg L-NAME for 8 weeks and 6 days per week for each rat was injected sub peritoneally for the attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in rats. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and nitrite oxide (NO) were used to detect hypertension in rats after L-NAME injection. The open field test for over-active detection, and 5-band treadmill for endurance training of rats were used. The balance test was taken before and after 4 weeks of training. The drug group received 2 mg of methylphenidate daily per kg of body weight orally. The rats ran for 28 days each day (5 days a week) for 28 days. The practice load for training groups included running at speeds of 2 to 8 m / min for 30 minutes. Descriptive statistics were used to determine mean, mean, standard deviation, drawing tables and charts. For normalization of the distribution of dependent variables from the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and one-way variance for intra-group variation.

Findings: The results showed that the number of stands in the control group was higher than in all other groups and the number of traveled squares was less (p<0.001). The number of stands in the ADHD group was lower than in all other groups and the number of traveled squares was higher (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the number of stands and the number of traveled squares in the ADHD group + Endurance exercises with ADHD + methylphenidate and also the ADHD group + methylphenidate + endurance training (p<0.001).

Conclusions: It seems that endurance training and methylphenidate consumption affect the behavioral patterns of the animal model of ADHD and it can be recommended that physical activity be used as an effective method to replace the use of methylphenidate.

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Aim and Background: The inability to have a child is stressful, causes psychological distress and acts as a powerful factor in relationships between couples and family strengths. The aim of the present study was investigate to the effectiveness of self-compassion focused therapy on marital self-regulation, marital burnout, and self-criticism in infertile women.

Methods and Materials: This study was an applied and quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population consisted of infertile women who referred to infertility centers in the cities of Chalus and Noshahr between June and September 2018. Among them, 30 people were selected and divided into experimental and control. Experimental groups received self-compassion-focused therapy (for ten 60-min sessions), but the control group did not receive any intervention. The Self-Regulation for Effective Relationships Scale (SRERS), Marital Burnout Questionnaire (MBQ) and Self-Criterion Questionnaires (SCQ) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24 in two parts: descriptive and inferential (multivariate analysis of covariance).

Findings: The results showed that self-compassion focused therapy had a significant effect on marital self-regulation (F=8.17, p<0.001), marital burnout (F=52.52, p<0.001), and self-criticism (F=64.99, p<0.001) in infertile women.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that self-compassion focused therapy was effective in improving marital self-regulation, marital burnout, and self-esteem in infertile women.

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Aim and Background: Children's cancer is a special bio-psychological status that challenges the perceived social support and locus of control of mothers with different educational levels and affects their psychological adjustment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect role of education, with the mediating role of locus of control and perceived social support, on psychological adjustment of mothers of children with cancer.
Methods and Materials: This research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all mothers of children with cancer who referred to the clinics of pediatricians of Mashhad. The sample size of 220 people was selected using targeted sampling method. Data were collected using psychological adjustment to illness scale, Rotter locus of control, multidimensional perceived social support, and demographic characteristics.
Findings: According to the results of this study, the increase in education directly and indirectly through increased perceived social support reduced maladjustment (P<.01). Also the increase in education directly related to increase in internal locus of control and decrease in external locus of control but has not indirect relationship on adjustment.
Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be concluded that increased education through perceived social support mediates the psychological adjustment of mothers. Increasing levels of education can also lead to an increase in internal control and a decrease in external control.

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Aim and Background: Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood in which adolescents experience many changes, and their reactions to these changes are different. One of the maladaptive behaviors in this regard is aggression, which has long been the focus of many interventions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of supportive psychotherapy on reducing physical aggression in male adolescents
Methods and Materials: In this study, a single case method with an A-B design was used. The statistical population included male adolescents aged 12-18 who were referred to the social emergency center with symptoms of chronic aggression during the first six months of 2020, of whom three were selected by purposive sampling. After three baseline sessions, the intervention sessions began, and a supportive psychotherapy package was administered for eight sessions of 45 minutes per week. Two follow-up sessions were held two weeks and one month after the intervention, and the results were evaluated. The data were collected by the Physical Aggression subscale of the Aggression Questionnaire (1).
Findings: A stable change index and recovery percentage were used to test the research hypothesis. Based on the overall recovery percentage of the three samples after treatment (42.77) and follow-up (48.02), it was concluded that supportive psychotherapy was effective in reducing physical aggression in adolescents. Conclusions: Supportive psychotherapy was effective in reducing aggression in male adolescents. This treatment controls aggressive behaviors by increasing self-confidence and awareness of the strengths and weaknesses.

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Aim and Background: One of the psychological factors that have complicated relationship with chronic diseases and physical problems is distress and frustration intolerance. The more a person tolerates stressful events, the less he has physical problems. Meanwhile, the mediating role of latent anger in the relationship between frustration intolerance and physical problems as a mechanism of this relationship has been neglected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of latent anger in the relationship between frustration intolerance and physical problems.
Methods and Materials: The method of present study was non-experimental causal type. The statistical population included all men and women over 18 years of age in 1400. The sample size was 302 people who were selected from the statistical population by convenience sampling. Due to the outburst of Covid-19 disease, sampling was performed in cyberspace. The links to the online questionnaire containing the Failure Tolerance Questionnaire (Harrington, 2005), STAXI-2 State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (Spielberger, 1999) and the Physical Symptoms Scale (Hagiwara, 1992) were made available on Instagram, WhatsApp and Telegram virtual networks and the sample group was asked to answer the questions. Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis method were used to investigate the research question. Data were analyzed using version 26 of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-26) and Partial Least Squares-version 4 (Smart PLS 4).
Findings: The results showed that the indirect effects of frustration intolerance on muscular (β=-0.058, P<0.01), general (β=-0.076, P<0.01) and cardiovascular responses (β=-0.075, P<0.01) through latent anger were statistically significant.
Conclusions: The experience of failure beyond tolerance of individuals causes unpleasant emotions such as uncontrolled anger, which in turn causes physiological effects such as increased blood pressure and heart rate, which ultimately damage the cardiovascular system, muscles and general body responses.
Keywords: frustration intolerance, latent anger, physical problems.

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Aim and Background: Movement function and daily activities of hemiplegic children are defective; therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a selected exercise program and rehabilitation and a selected exercise program with rehabilitation on the motor skills of unhealthy hands of hemiplegic children.
Methods and Materials: The research method is quasi-experimental. The statistical population consisted of hemiplegic children referring to Tavaniab, Zanko and Kimia rehabilitation centers in Kermanshah. The statistical sample of the study was 30 people based on the inclusion criteria who were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 people and in the next stage 24 people remained based on the exclusion criteria. The research instrument was a demographic questionnaire and MABC-2 test. Dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.
Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test of both experimental groups in all variables (p <0.001). There was a significant difference in the nail and board variable between the rehabilitation group and the selected group with rehabilitation (P ≤ 0.001). But there was no significant difference between the other groups (P ≥ 0.001). There is a significant difference in the page threading variable between the rehabilitation group and the selected group with rehabilitation (P ≤ 0.001). But there was no significant difference between the other groups (P ≥ 0.001). There is a significant difference in the maze drawing variable between the rehabilitation group and the selected group with rehabilitation (P ≤ 0.001). But there was no significant difference between the selected group and rehabilitation (P ≥ 0.001).
Conclusions: It can be concluded that the selected group with rehabilitation has a better effect on the variables of beanbag, nail and board, threading and drawing maze than other groups.
 

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Aim and Background: The existence of problems in attachment style, interpersonal compatibility and communication pattern is evident in people with bulimia nervosa.The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on attachment style, interpersonal compatibility and communication pattern of people with bulimia nervosa in Isfahan city.
Methods and Materials: : The current research method was quantitative and of the type of semi-experimental studies with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included people suffering from bulimia nervosa in Isfahan city who visited the health centers of Isfahan city in 1401. In this study, 30 women with bulimia nervosa disorder who were diagnosed by psychologists and psychiatrists were selected by sampling method. were selected as available. The people in the control and experimental groups completed the attachment style, interpersonal compatibility and communication pattern questionnaires In two stages, pre-test and post-test. Multivariate covariance test and spss-23 software were used for data analysis.
Findings:  The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy had a significant effect on secure attachment style, avoidant attachment style, constructive communication, creditor woman communication pattern, mutual withdrawal communication pattern and interpersonal compatibility (p<0.05), but There was no significant effect on the anxious attachment style, the communication pattern of the creditor-debtor, and the communication pattern of the debtor's wife.
Conclusions: From the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that psychologists and psychiatrists can increase the secure attachment style, interpersonal compatibility, constructive communication pattern and decrease the avoidant attachment style, the withdrawn and demanding behavior pattern of women with bulimia nervosa. Use dialectical therapy and its techniques

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Aim and Background: Comparing the characteristics of normal and disordered people is one of the topics of interest to researchers. In this regard, the aim of the research was to compare mentalization, fear of compassion and attachment styles in people with non-clinical borderline and normal personality syndromes.
Methods and Materials: A comparative study and statistical population were all students of Salman Farsi University of Kazeroon in the academic year 1401-1402 of both sexes. With available sampling, 136 people in the group of borderline and normal personality syndromes were selected as a sample by matching age, gender and education. Data were collected with borderline personality questionnaire, mentalization, fear of compassion and adult attachment scale and analyzed with multivariate variance by SPSS 24.
Findings: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in self-related mentalization (F=25.745, p<0.05), but there was no difference in mentalization related to others and motivation for mentalization. Also, two groups in terms of fear of self-compassion (F=10.391, p<0.05), fear of others (F=24.365, p<0.05) and fear of receiving compassion (p<0.05, F=15.027) had a significant difference. Other findings showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in avoidant attachment style (F=17.367, p<0.05) and ambivalent (F=47.657, p<0.05).
Conclusions Therefore, it can be said that people with borderline personality symptoms are different from normal people in mentalization, attachment styles, and fear of compassion.