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Aim and Background: The prevalence of depression symptoms is increasing and has widespread destructive effects on individuals and the society. Identifying the risk and protective factors and understanding the process of developing depressive symptoms is essential for timely prevention and early intervention measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between stressful events and depression symptoms. Methods and Materials: The statistical population consisted of undergraduate students; from among them 357 individuals were selected using stratified random sampling method. The Life Experiences Survey (LES), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used for data collection. The hypothesis was tested using regression analysis. Findings: The results showed that adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies moderated the relationship between stressful events and depression symptoms. Conclusions: Individuals who use adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies to a greater extent after experincing stressful life events, show fewer depression symptoms. Conversely, individuals, who use these strategies to a lesser extent after stressful life events, show more depression symptoms. Accordingly, intervention and prevention programs for depression symptoms should have special attention to the education and promotion of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

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Aim and Background: The reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) is important and useful in various areas such as personality, emotion and psychopathology. Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire-Revised and Clarified (SPSRQ-RC) was developed to measure this theory and address the problem of Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of SPSRQ-RC. Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive-correlative study. The statistical population was University of Bojnord students that 485 of whom were selected as the research sample using stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using SPSRQ-RC, Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation Scales (BIS/BAS Scales), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The collected data were analyzed through Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, test-retest method, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: The principal components method by Varimax rotation led to the extraction of two factors; the sensitivity to Punishment (SP) and sensitivity to Reward (SR) for SPSRQ-RC. The two-factor model explained 38.51 percent of the data variance. 10 items of SPSRQ-RC on the first factor (sensitivity to Punishment) and 10 items on the second factor (sensitivity to Reward) have the significant factor load. All items belonging to each of the sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward factors had a high factor load and confirmed the SPSRQ-RC factor structure. The results of the SPSRQ-RC reliability using internal consistency and test re-test showed that this tool is reliable. Also, the results showed that SPSRQ-RC has a convergent and divergent validity. Conclusions: SPSRQ-RC has good psychometric properties in Iranian society and provides a more appropriate assessment for RST.

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Aim and Backgrounds: Communication patterns of couples are meant the dynamics of the couples’ relationships. The communication patterns determine that couples how to communicate together and what happen in their marital relationships. It seems that disruptive patterns to have a devastating effect on marital relationship. The aim of the research was to study of the role of communication patterns, aggression, and sexual satisfaction in predicting dyadic adjustment. Methods and Material: To gain of this aim a sample with 300 of employees of government departments of Isfahan through accessible method. The research method was descriptive from type of correlation. Data gathering was conduct in field method and using Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ), Buss and Perry’s Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), Sexual Satisfaction Scale (SSQ), and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Questionnaire (RDAS). Analyzing the data was carrying out by multiple Regression. Results: Findings showed that aggression, communication patterns, and sexual satisfaction have significant role in predicting the dyadic adjustment. Discussion & Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that good relationships and high sexual satisfaction among couples can lead to dyadic adjustment.

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Aim and Background: Test anxiety is one of the most common anxieties in educational environments, which, in addition to negative effects on academic performance, can lead to a reduction in psychological well-being among students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment Therapy (ACT) on test anxiety and psychological well-being of high school students. Methods and Materials: This study was a semi experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population included all boy students in high school of Najaf Abad city in the school year 2013-2014. Sample size includes 60 students (each group 30 person) that were selected by multistep cluster sampling method. Both groups completed the Sarason's Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) and Reef's Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) as pre-test and post-test. Data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MONCOVA) method and using the SPSS software. Findings: The results of MONCOVA showed that there is a significant difference between post-test scores of experimental and control groups (p<0.001, F= 44.80 ) . In the other hand, ACT led to significant decrease test anxiety (F= 33.17, p<0.001 ) and significant increase psychological well-being (F= 27.26, p<0.001). Conclusions: The results showed ACT method is effective in decrease test anxiety and increase psychological well-being of students.

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Aim and Background: Assisting a cognitive disorder patient can drain the emotional resources of any individual extensively. Since the caregiver can be confronted by developing mental and physical symptoms with strong possibility, she/he can be defined as hidden patient. The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and burden in caregivers of patients with dementia. Methods and Materials: This cross sectional study was conducted on 96 caregivers of patients with dementia by using convenient sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, demographic data was recorded and the severity of depression was measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the severity of anxiety was measured by Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the severity of burden was measured by Iranian Version of Caregiver Burden (IVCB). To analysis the data, we use descriptive inferential statistics by using SPSS 22. Findings: The results illustrate that 69.8% of the caregivers were in the range of depression. Moreover, 28.1% of the caregivers were in the range of anxiety and 33.3% of the caregivers scores were in the range of moderate to high level of burden. In Pearson correlation test, we found that the age of caregivers have a significant relationship with the burden test scores. (p=0.026). In t test, we found a significant relationship between the gender of the patient and the anxiety scores. The mean of anxiety scores of the caregivers of the men and women patients were 37.7 and 32.9 respectively (p=0.039). In our research, we also found significant relationships between the illness duration and the scores of anxiety and burden. In addition, the scores of all of three tests showed having relationships with the support of other family member and severity of dementia illness. Furthermore, in one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we found a relationship between educational level of the caregivers and the scores of anxiety and burden tests. Conclusions: In the presence of high level of depression, anxiety and burden in the caregivers of dementia patients, more attention to the caregivers is necessary; especially from the healthcare managers and clinicians. In addition, the family of dementia patients should be encouraged to care as a group or help main caregivers as much as possible since our research showed support of other family members reduces anxiety, depression and burden of caregivers.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) on reducing the symptoms of social avoidance and distress in people with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) . Materials and Methods: This was semi-experimental study was a pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of Semnan University in the academic year of 2017-2018. Among them, 20 Students were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned 10 subjects to the experimental group and 10 subjects to the control group. Students were screened for social anxiety disorder and diagnosis of other disorders from Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-4 (SCID-4) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). The experimental group received individual VRET for 12 sessions, 30 minutes each week. Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) was administered among the selected sample as pretest. VRET was performed in experimental group, and again, the questionnaires were administered among the participants as posttest. Findings: The results showed that VRET is effective in reducing social avoidance and distress symptoms in in people with SAD. Conclusion: The results showed the effectiveness of this therapeutic model on reducing the symptoms of social anxiety. This method can be used as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of SAD and other same disorders.

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Aim and Background: Traumatic events have several negative consequences, but in a number of cases, positive psychological changes occur following these events. However, little is known about how this positive psychological changes. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between brain behavioral systems and posttraumatic growth in betrayed men. Methods and Materials: In a descriptive-correlational study, 100 betrayed men in the city of Neyshabur were in 2017-2018 years selected by available sampling method. The participants completed Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Findings: The result showed that behavioral activation system predicted cognitive emotion regulation, which, in turn, predicted more posttraumatic growth in betrayed men (p<0.05). Also, adaptive cognitive emotion regulations mediated the relationship between behavioral activation system and posttraumatic growth in betrayed men. Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the importance of behavioral activation system and cognitive emotion regulation in posttraumatic growth.

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Aim and Background: Infidelity is one of the most painful experiences of marital relationships. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of moderating religious commitment in the relationship between attachment styles and maladaptive schemas with tendency to infidelity.

Methods and Materials: This research was descriptive. Sampling method was available (125 married and 125 married men). For collecting data, Behavioral Systems Questionnaire (BSQ), Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire- Short Form (EMSQ-SF), Religious Commitment Questionnaire (RCQ), and Relation Issues Questionnaire (RIQ) were used.

Findings: The results of this study showed that religious commitment has a moderating effect on the relationship between avoidant attachment style and tendency to infidelity (p<0.05). However, this factor does not mediate other relationships between attachment styles and areas of maladaptive schemas with tendency to infidelity (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Religious commitment can mediate the relationship between the avoidant attachment style and the tendency to infidelity and reduce this tendency.

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Aim and Background: Fear of negative emotions plays an important role in maladaptive adjustment. When such emotions are experienced, individuals may be involved in emotional avoidance. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of mind wandering and mental time travel in predicting of fear of happiness. Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive from type of correlation. The statistical population of this study was all students of Islamic Azad University of Birjand in the academic year of 2017-2018. The number of sample members in this study was considered to be 500. A cluster sampling method was used to select the sample. Data gathering was conduct using Fear of Happiness Scale (FSH), Mind Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ) and Mental Time Travel Scale (MTTS). Analyzing the data was carrying out by multiple regression. Findings: Findings showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between mind wandering and fear of happiness. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between mental time travel (past and future) with fear of happiness. In addition, it was found that the fear of happiness were predicted through mind wandering, mental time travel in the past, and mental time travel in the future. The three models all account for over 19% of the variance fear of happiness (R Square= 0.19). Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed the roles of mind wandering and mental time travel in predicting of fear of happiness. Therefore, considering the role of these predictive variables by experts, therapists and planners seem to be necessary when working with students, and particularly in counseling and therapeutic centers.

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Aim and Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the problems that afflict a large number of students and may lead to various educational, social, and behavioral impairments. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of neurofeedback, Ritalin and their combination in academic achievement and symptoms of ADHD children in Mashhad. Methods and Materials: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up designs. The statistical population of this study was all patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Mashhad in 2016 who referred to psychological and counseling services in Mashhad. Forty-five individuals were selected through convenience sampling and were divided into three groups: combination neurofeedback treatment with Ritalin (15 patients), neurofeedback treatment (15 patients) and Ritalin treatment (15 patients). All three groups were assessed in the pre-test phase by Conners test (parent form) and academic record. Next, the first group received neurofeedback treatment with Ritalin for fifteen weeks. The second group received neurofeedback for forty-five 45-minute therapeutic sessions and the third group was treated with Ritalin alone for fifteen weeks. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis by SPSS-20 software. Findings: The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the combined neurofeedback treatment with Ritalin is more effective than either of these alone. The effectiveness of neurofeedback alone was more than that of Ritalin alone and its stability was also significant (p <0.05). Conclusions: Neurofeedback combined treatment with Ritalin can be more effective in improving behavioral and educational problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder than any of the other methods independently.

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Aim and Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with chronic abdominal pain, bowel habit variations, and lack of structural causes. Symptom intensity has a statistical relation with patients' quality of life (QOL) and mental health. The first objective of the present study was to develop and provide a therapeutic plan based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for IBS that was operated for the very first time in Iran, as well as, compilation a therapeutic plan based on cultural and spiritual components. The second objective was to determine the effectiveness and comparison of those treatments on IBS symptoms intensity, Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life Questionnaire (IBS-QOL) among patients with IBS.

Methods and Materials: The participants were 23 women with IBS that put in two groups randomly. The participants were diagnosed on the basis of Rome-III diagnosis criteria. One group received cognitive-behavioral therapy and the other group received spiritual therapy for 12 sessions. The data collection tools consisted of IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS), the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire. Data were collected during the weeks of 1, 4, 12, and 24, during the treatment process. Data was analyzed statistically via repeated measures MANOVA in SPSS software.

Findings: Both CBT and Spiritual therapy have a significant effect on IBS symptoms reduction and QOL improvement in patients. The effect of two therapeutic plans persisted until the follow-up stage.

Conclusions: According to the results, applied CBT and spiritual therapy can be implemented as effective treatments for IBS. Therefore, considering with condition and acceptance of patient, the use of each of them as complementary treatment is advised.

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Aim and Background: The incidence of aggression against nursing staff in psychiatry is a major challenge and the destructive dimension of this phenomenon affects the nurses and management of these hospitals. The present study was conducted to determine the status of aggression against nursing staff in psychiatry and related factors in Isfahan.
Methods and Materials: This was a retrospective descriptive-analytic study. The study population consisted of nursing staff working in psychiatric wards of Isfahan teaching hospitals. Data gathering tool was the violence at the workplace questionnaire. The results were analyzed using chi-square test and in SPSS.22.
Findings: Results showed that aggression towards nursing staff was verbal (95.5%), physical (79.7%) and bullying (34.7%). There was a significant relationship between shift work, staffing and physical violence (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between night work and physical violence (p<0.05). People with schizophrenia had the highest rate of physical violence. Regarding the area of activity, the highest incidence of physical violence was in the acute psychiatric ward, which was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The results showed that verbal, physical and bullying violence against male nurses was more than female nurses. Therefore, in order to minimize the violence in the hospital environment, planning, organizing, preventive strategies, proper management, appropriate protective measures and training should be considered.

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Aim and Background: High levels of sexual risk behaviors in young adults constitute a major public health concern and understanding the transition to risky behaviors during emerging adulthood is a challenge for researchers. The present research was aimed to investigate the mediating role of the cognitive emotion regulation strategies in relationship between attachment styles with high-risky sexual behaviors in students of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz.

Methods and Materials: In this correlation and descriptive study with structural equation modeling approach, among all students of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz in the academic year of 2018-2019, 747 students were selected by random cluster sampling method. Data were collected by Risky Sexual Behaviors Questionnaire (RSBQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Qquestionnaire (CERQ) and Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and then, were analyzed by SPSS and Lisrel software and using structural equation modeling.

Findings: The results showed that the relationship between attachment style and risky sexual behaviors questionnaire is mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The rate of fit indices of GFI was equal to 0.95, CFI was equal to 0.98, NFI was equal to 0.97, IFI was equal to 0.98, NNFI was equal to 0.98, AGFI was equal to 0.93, RFI was equal to 0.97 and RMSEA was equal to 0.061, all of which indicated the fitting of the proposed model with the data. The findings also showed that 50% of the variance observed in high-risk sexual behaviors can be explained by combining attachment styles variables, positive emotion regulation strategies, and negative emotion regulation strategies.

Conclusions: The findings of study supported the proposed conceptual model in which the relationship between childhood trauma and fear of happiness was mediated through positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies. So considering the role of these predictors and the mediators by professionals, therapists and planners appears to be necessary in work with students and specifically in counseling and treatment centers.

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Aim and Background: Relationships and relationships between couples are one of the most important aspects of each person's life. Young couples need to receive the necessary training in this field. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of pre-marriage counseling with the Relationship Attachment Model (RAM) on marital intimacy needs of married applicants in Urmia.

Methods and Materials: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and follow up design and control group. The community consisted of married couples seeking referral to counseling services in Urmia in 2019. Voluntary sampling method was used to select 60 individuals who had a definite decision to marry and were randomly divided into two groups, Including RAM training group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). The instrument used was the Marital Intimacy Needs Questionnaire (MINQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS software using repeated measures analysis of variance.

Findings: There is a significant difference between the amount of intimacy at pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The main effect of interactive and intergroup effect on the research variables was significant, indicating the effectiveness of the RAM training (P<0.05).

Conclusions: According to the results, it can be concluded that pre-marriage counseling model of RAM is effective on marital intimacy needs in Urmia city marriage applicants and has improved marital intimacy in marriage applicants. Accordingly, it is recommended that pre-marriage counseling be provided with the RAM linkage model for young married couples.

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Aim and Background: Based on the theories of etiology of self-injury behaviors, several psychological and social multivariate models have been investigated to predict self-injury behaviors in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self–criticism and distress tolerance in relationship between attachment styles and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors in adolescents.

Methods and Materials: This study was a descriptive-correlational study with structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population consisted of all high school students in Kashmar city in the years 2018-2019. Initially, a sample of 700 students was selected among all high school students were selected by multistage cluster sampling, but the final analysis was performed on 292 students who reported at least one experience of non-suicidal self-injury behaviors. Data were collected using Deliberate Self–Harm Inventory (DSHI), Childhood Attachment to Each Parent Scale (CAEPS), Distress Tolerance Scale (DES) and Forms of-Self–Criticism/Attacking & Self-Reassuring (FSCRS) and were analyzed in SPSS and LISREL software by using structural equation modeling.

Findings: The results showed that the relationship between attachment styles and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors mediated by self-criticism and distress tolerance. The amount of fit indices of GFI, CFI, NFI, IFI, NNFI, AGFI, RFI and RMSEA were equal to 0.94, 0.93, 0.90, 0.93, 0.90, 0.90, 0.89 and 0.071, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed model fits the data well. The findings of the study showed that 34% of the observed variance in non-suicidal self-injury behaviors can be explained through a combination of parent attachment, self-criticism and distress tolerance.

Conclusions: The findings of this study confirmed the mediating role of self-criticism and distress tolerance in the relationship between attachment styles and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors. Thus, it seems necessary for experts, therapists and planners when working with adolescents and specifically in counseling and treatment centers to consider the role of these mediating variables.

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Aim and Background: Diabetes is a factor of many physical and psychological disorders. Nowadays, the concept of adherence in diseases be attention and has been developed due to changing the illness pattern from acute to chronic, changing its ideology from cure to prevention, limited economical resource and shortening the Duration of hospitalization of patients. In order to, the aim of this study was to survey of effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on health related beliefs among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods and Materials: research method was semi experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design. From patients with type 2 diabetes who referred to Assaluyeh health centers, 30 subjects were selected purposely and were assigned in control and experimental groups randomly (15 subjects each group). To collect the data the Health Beliefs Questionnaire (HBQ) was used. The data analyzed using MANCOVA.

Findings: Results of data analyzing showed that acceptance and commitment therapy on health related beliefs of patients with diabetes type 2 is effective (p<.05).

Conclusions: Results of the research showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective on health related beliefs. Theoretical and practical considerations of the results showed that the ACT as an effective therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes in medical centers could be applied.

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Aim and Background: Death anxiety plays an important role in panic disorder. Women with panic disorder experience higher death anxiety than other types of anxiety disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of death anxiety and the strategies to deal with that in women with panic disorder.

Methods and Materials: This study was conducted using the underlying theory approach. Date was collected by semi- structured interviews with 13 women with panic disorder. The data was analyzed using Strauss and Corbin methods, which included open, axial and selective coding.

Findings: Findings of the causes of death anxiety included 4 main categories: (related to oneself, related to others, nature of death, related to the Afterword) and also contains 7 initial concepts: (revealing human weakness, stopping of life, death of loved ones, destiny of loved ones, dying process, lack of there recognition of death and afterwards and the punishment for the sins). Their strategies of confronting included two main categories: (avoidance strategies, consolation strategies) plus that seven basic concepts are also engaged: (limiting relationships, avoiding situations related to death, considering God’s mercy, abandoning the idea of death, charity, promising positive ideas to oneself, staying in fear).

Conclusions: In addition to self- related factors, factors related to others, the unknown nature of death and the afterlife were involved in causing death anxiety in women with panic disorder. They use avoidant and repressive solutions that do not provide them with sufficient effectiveness.

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Aim and Background: Different models of family psychological education, including the Moos and Tsu model, can have a significant effect on families with Slow-learner children. In this study, the effectiveness of family rehabilitation program in promoting psychological well-being of mothers with Slow- learner children has been investigated.
Methods and Materials: This study was a quasi-educational study with pretest and posttest and control group. The sample of the present study included 30 mothers with Slow- learner children, 15 of whom were in the experimental group and the other 15 in the control group. The family rehabilitation program was performed according to the Moos and Tsu model in 8 sessions of one to one and a half hours for the experimental group. All participants completed a short form of the Reef Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire and the results were analyzed through multivariate analysis of covariance.
Findings: The analysis of the results showed that the rehabilitation program with the Moos and Tsu model has improved psychological well-being and its components in the mothers of the experimental group. This effect of family empowerment according to the Moos and Tsu model can be seen on the subscales of improving self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, mastery of the environment, purposeful living and personal growth.
Conclusions: Findings showed that the rehabilitation program with the Moos and Tsu model with emphasis on cognitive-behavioral approach can be effective to improve the psychological well-being of mothers with Slow- learner children. Therefore, therapists can help these mothers in their well-being by using this model and its effectiveness.

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Aim and Background: Regard to the impact of the sexual traumatic event on somatic and psychological functioning and the importance of this issue in students, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the severity of sexual trauma experience on somatic symptoms and the role of moderating cognitive emotion regulation strategies in Student girls abused.
Methods and Materials: The present research method was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population was all students aged 14 to 17 in Tehran province in the academic year of 1997-98. In this study, two areas were selected as available (Rudehen Education Area and Four Area). By screening the cases of sexual experience (sexual harassment and sexual abuse), 273 people participated in the analysis as the main sample. The data were collected by checklist of Traumatic Experiences of Nugent Hues and Wonder Hart & Kruger (2002), Cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire Garnefsky et al. (2001), Greek’s Mental Health Questionnaire (2015), and analyzed using correlation, bootstrap test, and conditional effects.
Findings: The results of the present study showed that among the strategies of emotion regulation, Catastrophizing and rumination positivity, and acceptance negatively, were able to significantly moderate the effects severity of the experience of sexual trauma on somatic symptoms.
Conclusions: Due to the moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between the severity of sexual experience and somatic symptoms in order to promote physical health and reduce somatic symptoms, it is recommended to develop programs to study the history of trauma, especially sexual trauma in adolescents with somatic symptoms, and also by training the emotion regulation consistence strategies, effective interventions should be performed.

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Aim and Background: Adolescence is an important period of development in which individuals can acquire the skills, attitudes, and abilities they need in adulthood. It seems that one of the factors that can be effective in dealing with adolescent issues is emotional intelligence. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Choice Theory training on emotional intelligence in adolescent girls.
Methods and Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population consists of thirteen-to-eighteen-year-old adolescent girls in the city of Isfahan. The sample consisted of 32 adolescent girls who were selected by multistage cluster sampling and were randomly and equally assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group received Choice Theory training in eight ninety-minute sessions. The control group was placed on the wait list. The Emotional Quotient Inventory test was used for data collection purposes and the data were analyzed using the covariance analysis test.
Findings: Results showed that Choice Theory training significantly affected Emotional Intelligence and its components (adaptability, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and general mood) (p<.05). However, it was not significantly effective on stress management.
Conclusions: According to the findings, it seems that Choice Theory training can be used to increase the emotional intelligence of adolescent girls in schools. Theoretical and practical implementations will be discussed in this research.