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Aim and Background: The attitude of parents to their children's sexual education has an effect on their sexual behavior and interaction with their children. No specific measurement tool has ever been developed to evaluate and measure this matter. The aim of present study was to develop a parental sexual education style questionnaire and determine its psychometric criteria.

Methods and Materials: The used research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of present study included parents residing in Behshahr city with children ranging in age from 4 to 12 years old. Among them, 500 individuals were selected as sample. The required data were gathered through three questionnaires including Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ), Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) and Parental Sexual Education Style Questionnaire (PSEQ). The gathered data were analyzed using Cranach’s alpha coefficient, correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis.

Findings: Three factors were extracted from the results of confirmatory factor analysis, including strict sexual education style, permissive sexual education style and authoritative education style. In general, all 3 factors were able to explain 50.32% of variance related to 33 items of the questionnaire. The value of Cranach’s alpha coefficient was obtained equal to 0.751 for whole of the questionnaire. Also, the value of Cranach’s alpha for the first three components was equal to 0.739, 0.765 and 0.751, respectively. The Varimax rotation matrix showed that all questions are applicable to the extracted styles.

Conclusions: Parental sexual education styles questionnaire has proper reliability and validity, and can be used as a useful tool for measuring parental sexual education styles.

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Aim and Background: Nurses are influenced by various stressors that spiritual factors can affect their quality of working life. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of spiritual self-care training on nurses' self-compassion and moral courage.
Methods and Materials: The current research was an applied study by purpose and a quasi-experimental study (using pretest-posttest and control group) by the method. The population of the study included all nurses working in Pasteurno Hospital, Tehran, in the fall of 2019. Among the nurses working in Pasteurno Hospital, 30 people who had the inclusion criteria for the study were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 individuals for each group). Individuals in both experimental and control groups initially completed the Neff's Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Sekerka's Moral Courage Scale as a pre-test. Then, the experimental group underwent spiritual self-care training, but the control group received no intervention. At the end of the period, the subjects of both experimental and control groups completed the same questionnaires as post-test. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by SPSS software version 23.
Findings: The findings indicated that the level of self-compassion and moral courage of the experimental group, compared with the control group, significantly increased (p<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the findings achieved, it can be stated spiritual self-care training causes an increase in the amount of nurses' self-compassion and moral courage by controlling negative thoughts and emotions and strengthening a sense of commitment to the job, religious values, and altruism. In addition to nurses, this is also beneficial for the health of patients.

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Aim and Background: Cancer is considered to be one of the most important health and therapy issues in the world and in our country, especially among men, and is usually associated with significant clinical and psychological discomfort in the optimal use of coping strategies. The aim of this study was thus to analyze the structural model of spiritual health based on health anxiety, positive meta-emotion, pain self-efficacy mediated by the source of internal health control in men with cancer.
Methods and Materials: The research method is descriptive-correlational type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of men aged 45 to 65 years old with gastrointestinal cancers living in Golestan province in 1400. The sample size was estimated to be 230 people using Krejcie Morgan table. The convenience sampling method was used. The instruments of this research were in the form of questionnaires including health anxiety by Salkowski and Warwick (2002), metacognition and meta-emotion by Biro Montea (2010), pain self-efficacy by Nicholas (1980), spiritual health by Delman and Free (2004), source of health control by Wallston et al. 1978). To analyze the data, structural equation modeling technique was used in the LISREL8.71 software.
Findings: The results showed that health anxiety had a significant negative effect, and positive meta-emotion and self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on spiritual health (P <0.001). The source of internal health control mediated the effect of pain self-efficacy on spiritual health in a significant positive way (P <0.01). The source of internal health control has a negative effect on health anxiety and a significant positive effect on positive meta-emotion and pain self-efficacy (P <0.005).
Conclusions: The results of the present study support the hypothesis that health anxiety, positive meta-emotion, and pain self-efficacy are related to spiritual health and can affect spiritual health through the mediation of health control source.