---

Aim and Background: Empathy has an important role in better health results, customer satisfaction, improved physician-patient relationship, prevention of job burnout among physicians, and possible patient complaints from doctors. This study aims to evaluate the level of empathy with patients among the faculty members of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on medical sciences faculty physicians with different specialties at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2013. The participants were selected through census sampling method. The Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE) was distributed among 278 physicians via e-mail or in person. Only 73 questionnaires were completed and returned. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis in SPSS software. All P values < 0.05 were considered as significant. Findings: The highest and lowest average empathy scores were observed in nephrology professors and neurosurgery and radiology professors, respectively. After the categorization of the various disciplines into three groups of surgery, non-surgery, and psychiatry, the highest empathy score was observed in the group of psychiatry professors, followed by the non-surgical and surgical groups (P = 0.045). Conclusions: Empathy with patients differed among physicians of different disciplines of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. They did not show empathy and cooperation with their students in completing the questionnaire presented to them.

---

Aim and Background: Researchers are interested in facilitating mechanisms in therapeutic interventions, including cultural mechanisms, therefore this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy using Mowlana's parables and anecdotes and acceptance and commitment therapy in distress tolerance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy.
Methods and Materials: This applied study was conducted using a mixed method (using qualitative-quantitative data). The quantitative part of the research consisted of comparative content analysis and the quantitative phase consisted of a quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest design using intervention and control groups. Participants consisted of 48 mothers of children with cerebral palsy who were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly allocated to two intervention and one control groups. To collect data, the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons and Gaher, 2005) were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS 23 using the repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc test.
Findings: The results showed that the difference in the effect of the two treatment methods on the components of tolerance (p=0.020), evaluation (p=0.037) and, accordingly, the total distress tolerance score (p=0.016) is significant, so that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has increased the average scores of the two components of tolerance and evaluation more in addition to the total score of distress tolerance compared to cognitive behavioral therapy using Rumi's parables and anecdotes.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment is a more effective method to increase distress tolerance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy using Rumi's parables and anecdotes.