---

Background & aim: Self-esteem, self-confidence and self-assertiveness play essential roles in mental health. This study was aimed to assess the effect of social learning model education on self-confidence, self-esteem, self-assertiveness and academic achievement in students of intermediary schools in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods and materials: This was a semi-experimental study carried out in boys&#039; and girls&#039; intermediary schools in Chahar mahal & Bakhtiyari Province in 2006-2007 academic year. A total number of 304 students were selected through a randomized multi-stage cluster sampling. Subjects were randomly assigned to the case and the control groups. Self-esteem, self-confidence and self-assertiveness were respectively assessed using Bern Router (short form) ,&nbsp; Cooper Smith and Wamonz scales. Academic achievement was assessed using students&#039; first half year average academic scores. Using an interactive participation model in the social skills training approach, the case group was then educated about social learning model within a total number of fifteen 75-minute sessions. Data was analyzed using MANCOVA and MANOVA tests. Results: Findings demonstrated a significantly higher increase in the mean scores of self-confidence, self-esteem, self-assertiveness as well as academic average scores in the case group in both post interventional and follow-up stages (P < 0.01). There was found no association between gender and educational territorial region with the effects of social learning model education on the mentioned variables.&nbsp; &nbsp; Conclusions: The results indicated that social learning model education was effective in enhancement of students&#039; self-confidence, self-esteem, self-assertiveness and academic achievement. This effect was independent of gender and educational territorial region. Key Words: Social learning model, Self- confidence, Self- esteem, Self-assertiveness, Academic achievement

---

Aim and Background: The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the behavioral activation system (BAS) are considered as factors to verify the effects of personality significance on cortical activity. The present study explored the effects of the BIS and BAS on frontal asymmetry in response to affect stimuli. Methods and Materials: This study included 36 individuals (18 with high BAS sensitivity and 18 with high BIS sensitivity, 17 women). All subjects were introduced to neutral, happy, and sad conditions by the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS) and brain waves were recorded simultaneously. Finally, absolute power of alpha band (8-12 Hz) of the right and left frontal areas were calculated for each participant. Findings: A mixed repeated measurements analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the absolute alpha power. Results revealed an increased response to neutral stimuli in BAS group within the left frontal area. However, no significant effects were found in the BIS group in this condition. In addition, an increased left frontal activity (alpha decreasing) in response to happy pictures was seen in the BAS group. On the other hand, an increased right frontal activity (alpha decreasing) in response to sad pictures was found in the BIS group. Conclusions: The results were consistent with the approach/withdrawal model and cerebral asymmetry. The role of the frontal region in positive and negative moods was also approved.

---

Aim and Background: Insomnia, one of the prevalent disorders, in many cases is considered as a sign associated with physical and mental disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on these symptoms among male prisoners. Methods and Materials: subjects of this experimental study were 28 male prisoners in central prison of Shiraz who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 9 cognitive behavioral group therapy sessions, while the control group received no treatment. The participants completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Data was analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. Results: High percentage of prisoners reported insomnia symptoms. Moreover, the results of Analysis of Covariance showed that cognitive behavioral group therapy could decrease insomnia symptoms in post-test (p<0.01) and follow-up (p<0.05) stages. Conclusion: Taking into account the high prevalence of insomnia among prisoners and effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on its symptoms, it seems necessary to carry out more research and provide psychological services to decrease insomnia symptoms and its underlying factors.

---

Abstract Aim and Background: Infidelity is a damaging Problem in couples Relationships That routed in different factors, But don’t exist no modeling for Its Explanation.  This study investigated the infidelity structural equation model based on attachment styles, personality dimensions, and marital satisfaction was conducted. Methods and Materials: His study implements correlational design. For this purpose, 270 students were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Then, they completed the infidelity scale, attachment styles, personality dimensions and marital satisfaction questionnaires. The data was analyzed by using structural equation modeling with SPSS 18 and AMOS 18. Findings: The final model that also showed a good fit to the data indicated that secure attachment through the satisfaction had a significant negative effect on infidelity (effect indirect = 0.09, P < 0.01). Avoidant attachment style is also mediated by the satisfaction have effect on infidelity (indirect effect = 0.10, P < 0.01). Indirect effect of neuroticism (indirect effect = 0.14, P < 0.01) and extraversion (indirect effect = 0.08, P < 0.01) by mediatory role of satisfaction was positive. Agreeableness (indirect effect = 0.07, P < 0.05) and accountability (indirect effect = 0.08, P < 0.01) through satisfaction could also have a significant negative effect on the infidelity. Also Neuroticism (direct effect = 0.22, P < 0.01), extroversion (direct effect = 0.23, P < 0.01), the desire to experience (direct effect = 0.16, P < 0.01) is directly and positively, and responsibility as directly and negatively (direct effect = -0.16, P < 0.01) were effective against infidelity. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that attachment styles, personality dimensions and marital satisfaction are important in the marital infidelity. Therefore these Results can be used in prevention, Etiology and Therapy of Infidelity.  

---

Aim and Background: The objective of the present study was the comparison of the efficacy of pharmacotherapy with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in the reduction of the severity of symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and follow-up (1 month) was conducted from November to February of 2013. The statistical population consisted of all patients diagnosed with MDD by a psychiatrist based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and had medical records at the Sedigh Psychiatric Clinic in Khoramabad, Iran. The study participants consisted of 40 patients selected through convenience sampling method. The subjects were randomly assigned to the pharmacotherapy (n = 20) or MBCT groups (n = 20) and completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (pretest). Then, the MBCT group received 8 sessions of MBCT and the pharmacotherapy group received a 20-mg fluoxetine capsule daily for 2 months. At the end of the intervention, posttest was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA in SPSS software. Findings: The results of the present study indicated a significant difference between the pharmacotherapy and MBCT groups (P < 0.001); the mean scores of the pharmacotherapy group showed a more significant decrease compared to the MBCT group. Nevertheless, the effects of MBCT showed greater persistence over the follow-up period. Conclusions: The results showed that both treatment methods were effective in improving depression in patients. However, pharmacotherapy was more effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and MBCT had more persistent therapeutic effects. Therefore, based on the results of such studies, it is recommended that researchers design clinical trials with the integration of empiric therapy methods in future studies.

---

Aim and Background: Intimacy is a key and important property of a marital relationship and a distinguished attribute of a successful marriage. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the couple relationship enrichment by Olson’s method on the increase in the marital intimacy of couples.

Methods and Materials: The present study was methodologically quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a 45-day follow-up. The statistical population was 30 couples from Farsan city and its suburb in 2018. The sample of the present study comprised 20 couples voluntarily selected from the couples in Farsan city and its suburb according to a call on educational-counseling courses. The experimental group received the couple relationship enrichment training by Olson’s method for 7 sessions. The control group was also in the waiting list. To collect data, we employed Bagharouzi’s Marital Intimacy Questionnaire. To analyze the data, we used a mixed-ANOVA test.

Findings: The results revealed that the couple relationship enrichment by Olson’s method was effective in increasing the marital intimacy of couples in Farsan city (p<0.001). Furthermore, this effect was also stable in the follow-up phase after 45 days (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Training communicational skills in the couple relationship enrichment approach by Olson’s method could be effective in enhancing the marital intimacy of couples in Farsan city. Theoretical and applied considerations have been posed in the conclusion part.

---

Aim and Background: Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder causes significant impairment in social, educational, occupational and motor abilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of motor skills training on executive functions in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all male sixth grade elementary school students in Kerman in the academic year 2009-2010; The study sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). Subjects in two stages of pre-test and post-test were Swanson and Nolan Pelham (1980) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaires, Wechsler IQ (2002) Numerical Memory and Similarities Subcommittee, and Andrehori Complex Imaging Test. (1942) responded. The experimental group received motor skills training as a group during 18 sessions of 45 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 25.
Findings: The results of comparison of the experimental group with the control group showed that the executive functions of working memory and programming-organizing of the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the control group. And the effectiveness of motor skills training on executive functions in the post-test neighborhood was confirmed (p <0.01). The magnitude of this effect on the executive function of working memory was 0.64 and planning-organizing was 0.69(p <.01).
Conclusions: In general, the results showed the effect of motor skills training on executive functions in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. And this method can be used to treat these children.