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Background & Aims: Psychological interventions may improve the quality of life in asthmatic patients through affecting the bio-psycho-social dimensions. This study is aimed to assess the efficacy of cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) group education on improvement of quality of life in asthmatic patients. Method& Materials: This was an experimental study using randomized pre-, post- and follow-up tests. Twenty-four patients already diagnosed with asthma were randomly selected and assigned to two groups. They were all administered the Quality Of Life questionnaire for Asthmatic patients (Asthma-QOL) before and after the intervention and again after the follow-up period. CBSM group education was directed for the experimental group in eight sessions. Meanwhile both groups were kept under their routine medical treatments and the control group was registered in the waiting list for the CBSM education group. Data was analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: After the intervention, the mean QOL-Asthma score in the experimental group showed a significantly higher increase when compared with that of the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The results demonstrated the effectiveness of CBSM group education on the improvement of quality of life in female asthmatic patients. 

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Abstract Aim and Background: Evaluation of cognition is fundamental for every comprehensive epilepsy program. We sought to conduct this study to assess memory state of patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy before decision for epilepsy surgery. Method and Materials: In a case-control study, 20 patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy and 20 patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy were selected using convenience sampling in Kashani hospital, Iran and 20 normal person as a control group were randomly selected; the Wechsler Memory Scale was administered to them. The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Findings: In mental control, logical memory, digit span and visual memory subscales, significant differences were obtained between right-left temporal lobe epilepsy and control group (P < 0.001). However there was not a statistically difference between right lobe temporal epilepsy and left temporal lobe epilepsy in 7 subscales. Conclusions: Our findings indicated the ability of Wechsler Memory Scale to differentiate temporal lobe epilepsy.

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Aim and Background: Tobacco Dependency is recognized as the first factor for the prevention of mortality worldwide. Despite the negative impact of smoking on hypertension, therapists have been paid less attention to the effectiveness of psychological treatment of nicotine dependence of these patients. Methods and Materials: In this case- control pre-post test research with a quasi-experimental study design male patients aged 25-45 years with essential hypertension that consume one box nicotine in day, referred to Isfahan&nbsp; Cardiovascular Research Center in 2009 were studied. They randomized in two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The intervention was cognitive behavioral treatment All patients completed the Fagerstrom Nicotine Tolerance Questionnaire before start of interventions as pre test. The post test was completed after the end of the cognitive behavioral intervention which was consisted of eight 90 minutes sessions. Findings: Cognitive behavioral therapy was effective on reduction of Nicotine Tolerance in the patients with essential hypertension in post test (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This research suggests that team work approach consist of psychologists and Cardiologists and cognitive behavioral therapy, can be useful in nicotine dependency in patients with essential hypertension.

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Aim and Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease usually associated with high levels of pain and impairment in different systems, producing high levels of stress in patients who suffer from it. The purpose of this study was to consider the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) therapy on stress of female patients with SLE. Methods and Materials: This was an experimental study using randomized pre-, post- and follow-up tests. Twenty-four female patients over 18 years of age, already diagnosed with SLE, were randomly selected and assigned to two groups. All subjects completed the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale before and after the intervention as well as during the follow-up period. Eight sessions of CBSM group therapy were directed for the intervention group. Meanwhile both groups were kept under their routine medical treatments. Data was analyzed using ANCOVA. Findings: Data analysis showed that the mean score of stress in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group in post-test (P < 0.001) and the follow-up period (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results demonstrated the effectiveness of CBSM group therapy on the stress of female patients with SLE.

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Aim and Background: Pain is a complex experience involving psychological factors which results in functional disorder. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between cognitive and emotional factors with chronic low back pain among women in Isfahan, Iran. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional research, the target population included all women with chronic low back pain that referred to clinics and hospitals of Isfahan during summer 2011. A total number of 50 women with chronic low back pain were selected by simple random sampling. Instruments used in this research included a demographic questionnaire, the multidimensional pain inventory, the fear-avoidance beliefs inventory, the pain catastrophizing scale, and the hospital anxiety scale. The obtained data was analyzed by stepwise and hierarchical regression analysis and Pearson&#039;s correlation coefficient. Findings: Pain was positively related with fear-avoidance beliefs, catastrophizing, and anxiety. The results of stepwise regression showed that fear-avoidance beliefs and catastrophizing explained 45.6% of the variance of the pain. In addition, moderated hierarchical regression analysis revealed that job had a moderating effect on the relationship between anxiety and pain. Conclusions: Chronic low back pain can be predicted by fear-avoidance beliefs and catastrophizing. Moreover, decreasing professional stress would reduce the overall anxiety and thus low back pain among women.

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Aim and Background: Recently, “Third wave” behavioral and cognitive interventions have received extensive attention between researchers.To evaluation of the efficacy of one of these treatments, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), This Study compares this treatment with Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder (OCD).   methods and Materials: In this study a quasi- experimental design with pre - posttest was used. Implementation of this study was from February 2011 to October 2012 in the Parse`s center of Psychiatry and Psychology.The experimental groups were Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (n =13) and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (n =13). Both groups received 10 two-hour treatment sessions once a week. In control group 12 patients participated (wait list). In order to assess the severity of OCD, psychological flexibility and depression, Yale Brown Obsessive- compulsive scale (YBOCS), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used. Data were analyzed using Multiple Analysis of Covariance in SPSS. Finding: Comparison of the treatment groups suggested that there was significant difference between ACT and wait list groups in all scales and this difference maintains in follow up (P=0.01). In addition, comparison of CBT group with wait list in posttest indicates that there was signifficant difference between two groups, except of psychological flexibility variabele, and these results maintain in follow up too (P=0.01). In post test, two groups show significant difference only in Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (P= 0.05) not in reduction of OCD symptoms and depression. ACT was more effective in increase of psychological flexibility and this superiority maintains in follow up (P= 0.01). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, both Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, made significant changes in OCD symptoms. So, current study provides an empirical support for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in treatment of OCD.

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Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of psychodrama on body mass index, self-esteem and cognitive emotion regulation in obese female children. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted with experimental and control groups. A pretest and a posttest were performed and the process was followed up for 3 months. The sample was comprised of twenty four 10-12-years-old girl students who were obese with body mass index of more than 25 kg/m 2 in 2015. They were selected through cluster-random sampling from a school in the first district of Isfahan city, Iran. The mothers of both groups were trained about the principles of healthy feeding in 4 sessions. Psychodrama intervention was applied only in the experimental group during six 2-hour sessions of group therapy. The data collection tools were consisted of the body mass index scale and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: The effects of psychodrama on body mass index and self-esteem of the test group were statistically significant (P < 0.01) but no significant difference was observed in cognitive emotion regulation variable (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the therapeutic intervention of psychodrama would be helpful to reduce weight in obese children and to increase their self-esteem.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and pharmacotherapy on severity of trichotillomania (TTM) symptoms. Methods and Materials: The participants consisted of 8 women and 1 man of over 16 years of age with TTM. The subjects were chosen through convenience sampling and randomly divided into 3 groups of equal size (CBT, ACT, and pharmacotherapy groups). The present single-subject study was conducted using the A-B design. The baseline consisted of 3 sessions, and the intervention consisted of 10 weekly sessions of CBT and ACT once a week for 60 minutes and 10 pharmacotherapy sessions once every 2 weeks. One month after the intervention, the subjects participated in 3 follow-up sessions (once a month). Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HPS) was used to collect data. Findings: The findings of this study were analyzed based on visual analysis and descriptive statistical indicators. The results demonstrated that CBT and ACT were, respectively, more effective on the reduction of TTM symptoms severity and pharmacotherapy was the least effective. Conclusions: Considering the effectiveness of CBT and ACT on severity of TTM symptoms, the use of these therapies to reduce TTM symptoms is recommended.

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Aim and Background: Recent studies on depression disorders have shown constraints and deficiencies in self-compassion of these patients. Therefore, in this study, we identify the weaknesses of previous studies with the aim of providing an analytical pattern of pathology of depression focusing on self-compassion for depressed Iranian patients.

Methods and Materials: The present paper is based on the meta-analysis of previous works and papers. Accordingly, by analyzing the previous studies related to the disorders from databases such as Science Direct and Civilica, we extracted the most important indicators related to self-compassion for depressed patients out of 12 articles.

Findings: After qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Iranian and foreign studies, final synthesis was ultimately done on the 12 articles. The synthesis of articles related to the effect of self-compassion on depression and its intermediary factors showed that depression is closely related to emotions and that is of great importance in most of the studies conducted in this area.

Conclusions: It is possible to prevent and treat depression through self-compassion by pathology in three critical areas of emotion, including emotion regulation, emotional security and expressing emotion.

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Aim and Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with chronic abdominal pain, bowel habit variations, and lack of structural causes. Symptom intensity has a statistical relation with patients' quality of life (QOL) and mental health. The first objective of the present study was to develop and provide a therapeutic plan based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for IBS that was operated for the very first time in Iran, as well as, compilation a therapeutic plan based on cultural and spiritual components. The second objective was to determine the effectiveness and comparison of those treatments on IBS symptoms intensity, Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life Questionnaire (IBS-QOL) among patients with IBS.

Methods and Materials: The participants were 23 women with IBS that put in two groups randomly. The participants were diagnosed on the basis of Rome-III diagnosis criteria. One group received cognitive-behavioral therapy and the other group received spiritual therapy for 12 sessions. The data collection tools consisted of IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS), the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire. Data were collected during the weeks of 1, 4, 12, and 24, during the treatment process. Data was analyzed statistically via repeated measures MANOVA in SPSS software.

Findings: Both CBT and Spiritual therapy have a significant effect on IBS symptoms reduction and QOL improvement in patients. The effect of two therapeutic plans persisted until the follow-up stage.

Conclusions: According to the results, applied CBT and spiritual therapy can be implemented as effective treatments for IBS. Therefore, considering with condition and acceptance of patient, the use of each of them as complementary treatment is advised.

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Aim and Background: The End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a progressive, chronic and untreated Kidney Dysfunction that has numerous Physical and Psychological complications. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on improving Anxiety and Depression in Hemodialysis Patients.

Methods and Materials: This study was a non-randomized, semi-experimental, pre-test, post-test design with two months follow-up. The statistical population of the study was hemodialysis patients referring to Tehran Hemodialysis Centers in 2017. From the statistical population, 24 people were selected by purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures.

Findings: The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the variables of anxiety and depression changed during the post-test and follow-up stages, which is significant compared to the pre-test (p<.05). The results also showed that mindfulness variable had a significant effect on the components of anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients (p<.05).

Conclusions: According to the results, it can be deduced that mindfulness training is effective in improving depression, anxiety compared to control group and that this treatment is in the follow-up phase in stable depression. But in the anxiety component, there was no such consistency. Reasons for this consistency include the ease of treatment and rapid patient education as well as the short duration of intervention sessions.

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Aim and Background: The present study aimed to effectiveness of life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence (MEST) on depression among divorced women.
Methods and Materials: The researcher used intervention method after special stages with qualitative evaluation to intervention method to be effective in the improvement of target group life quality and health, especially in reduction depression. In quantitative part, the present study was quasi-experimental in type with two groups and pretest and posttest and follow-up. The 30 of divorced women under the coverage of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee and Naein Welfare Organization were selected convenience and were assigned into groups randomly. Data collecting in qualitative part was based on reading articles, related texts and interview which has been used under the opinions of psychology department professors to compile the educational-medical package and integrate them with special reminiscence. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was study instrument in quantitative part. Educational-medical intervention method was based on 11 sessions in experiment group to influence on depression in experiment group. The data were analyzed by repeated ANOVA.
Findings: The results showed that the life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence was effective on depression (p<.05).
Conclusions: According to findings, the integrated intervention of life management and memory specificity training (MEST) can create a new lifestyle and change the cognitive-behavioral system, and so transform the subjects’ thoughts and behavioral patterns compared to their previous condition. Also, it creates an optimistic insight to the subjects’ present and future life that leads to the improvement of the most important divorce-related disorder i.e. depression. On the other hand, by providing the training of proper behavioral patterns for the target population members, this intervention can create a better condition for these people in the future.
 

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Aim and Background: The present study aimed to effectiveness of life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence (MEST) on depression among divorced women.
Methods and Materials: The researcher used intervention method after special stages with qualitative evaluation to intervention method to be effective in the improvement of target group life quality and health, especially in reduction depression. In quantitative part, the present study was quasi-experimental in type with two groups and pretest and posttest and follow-up. The 30 of divorced women under the coverage of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee and Naein Welfare Organization were selected convenience and were assigned into groups randomly. Data collecting in qualitative part was based on reading articles, related texts and interview which has been used under the opinions of psychology department professors to compile the educational-medical package and integrate them with special reminiscence. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was study instrument in quantitative part. Educational-medical intervention method was based on 11 sessions in experiment group to influence on depression in experiment group. The data were analyzed by repeated ANOVA.
Findings: The results showed that the life management integrated with teaching special reminiscence was effective on depression (p<.05).
Conclusions: According to findings, the integrated intervention of life management and memory specificity training (MEST) can create a new lifestyle and change the cognitive-behavioral system, and so transform the subjects’ thoughts and behavioral patterns compared to their previous condition. Also, it creates an optimistic insight to the subjects’ present and future life that leads to the improvement of the most important divorce-related disorder i.e. depression. On the other hand, by providing the training of proper behavioral patterns for the target population members, this intervention can create a better condition for these people in the future.
 

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Aim and Background: Due to the differences in happiness index and its affecting factors in different geographical and organizational environments, in this study has developed the native model of the effective factors on employee happiness in Mobarakeh Steel Company in Isfahan.
Methods and Materials: This research is a descriptive type that has been done in terms of mixed methodology (including qualitative and quantitative methods) and its qualitative part is based on grounded theory approach and its quantitative part is correlation method. The study population of this project includes all of the Mobarakeh Steel of Isfahan personnel, 14529 people in 1398. By conducting semi-structured interview with 75 employees who were selected by cluster random samling and completion of a researcher-made questionnaire by 407 employees that selected purposefully and data analysis, five factors affecting happiness employees was developed including the foundations of happiness(Familial Communication, Communication types in workplace, Justice and Social Support, Material and Spiritual Reward), makers happiness(Positive thinking, Good mood, Targeted, Job security), happiness breakers(Stress, Sickness, Lack of justice, Inadequate Organizational Environment), happiness mechanisms(Emotional Intelligence, Intimacy, Social skills, Meeting basic needs) and consequences of happiness(Peace, Job and Familial Satisfaction, Health) and the native model of the effective factors on employees happiness. Research data were analyzed by using SPSS 21 and SMART-PLS3 structural equation modeling software at descriptive and inferential level and to perform model fitting was used PLS3 software.
Findings: The results showed that five factors of happiness foundations, happiness makers, happiness breakers, happiness mechanisms and happiness consequences has direct and indirect relationship with each other and the happiness native model of Mobarakeh steel company employees has a good fit(p<0.01).
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that five factors of foundations of happiness, happiness makers, happiness breakers, happiness mechanisms and consequences of happiness have mutual effects on each other and are affective factors on the happiness of Mobarakeh steel company employees.

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Aim: The present study aims to be effective. Integrated life management was performed with Memory Specificity Training (MEST) on resilience in divorced women.
Methods: The intervention method was used by the researcher after special stages with qualitative evaluation to be able to improve the quality of life and health of the target group, especially in increasing resilience. In the quantitative part, the present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population was divorced women in Nain city, so 30 women under the auspices of Imam Relief and Welfare Committee of Nain city were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two alternative groups. Were. The collection of information in the qualitative section was based on the study of articles, relevant texts and interviews under the supervision of psychology professors, to develop a life management package and combine it with special reminder training after validation and validity (content, Formal and executive) were used. The research instruments in the quantitative part were Connor and Davidson resilience scale and educational-therapeutic intervention method in the experimental group based on 11 sessions. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the variability of resilience changed during the post-test and follow-up stages, which is significant compared to the pre-test stage (P <0.05). ). Also, the variable based on combining life management with Memory Specificity Training had a significant effect on the resilience component in divorced women (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be inferred that life management intervention method combined with special reminder training by creating a new lifestyle and changing the cognitive-behavioral system can change attitudes and behavioral patterns and Ultimately increase psychological resilience in divorced women

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Aim and Background: Considering importance of marriage and growing statistics of divorce, methods to decrease marital conflicts and increase marital satisfaction hold great importance. Purpose of this study is to assess the usage of compassion focused therapy on marital conflict in women applying for divorce.
Methods and Materials: Method used in this study is semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. Statistical population constitutes women with marital conflicts, applying for divorce that came to Isfahan city consulting centers in year 2020. This study sample constitutes of 30 women that were chosen with convenience sampling method then put randomly in two groups, 15 women in experiment group and 15 women in control group. All participants filled marital conflict questionnaire Sanaei (MCQ) in pre-test, then experiment group went through 12 sessions (each 90 minutes) of compassion focused therapy package (Gilbert, 2014). Meanwhile control group did not face any intervention. In the end both groups were evaluated again. Data of the study were analyzed with single variant covariance analyze test.
Findings: Analyzing data show that, compassion focused therapy is significantly effective in decreasing marital conflicts and its sub-scales (reduction in cooperation and sexual relationship, increasing emotional reactions, increase in attracting children support, increasing personal relationship with relatives and separating financial matters from others) in experiment group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Considering results of this study it can be said that compassion focused therapy can be effective in decreasing marital conflicts in women applying for divorce, therefore it can be used as a method to decrease divorce.