Aim and Background: Emotion dysregulation, as one of the main symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD), has significant effects on emotional perception in this group of patients. Given the importance of facial affect recognition in social interactions and contradictory results of researches that have evaluated the emotion recognition of patients with BPD in the past, the aim of the present study was to investigate emotion recognition in individuals with borderline personality symptoms and the relationship between these symptoms and interpersonal interactions in these individuals. Methods and Materials: The study subjects included 30 people; 15 with the symptom of BPD and 15 healthy subjects as control group. Subjects were selected from among the related statistical population through convenience sampling. The Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI) and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) were completed and facial affect recognition task was conducted on the two groups. Findings: The findings of this study suggest that people with BPD symptoms have poor performance in facial affect recognition compared to their healthy counterparts (F = 1.5, P < 0.001). On the other hand, the results indicate that these subjects do not have defects in the recognition of all negative emotions, but are specifically defective in the recognition of disgust (F = 2.5, P < 0.010) and anger (F = 4.05, P < 0.020). Furthermore, they showed more interpersonal problems than the control group (F = 0.01, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Deficits in facial affect recognition may underlie interpersonal problems in people with the symptoms of BPD. Therefore, paying attention to emotion recognition as an effective factor in social interactions can help us better understand underlying factors of social dysfunction in patients with BPD.
Aim and Background: Type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus type 2) is a long-term metabolic and physiologic disorder which has a relationship with the pattern of behavior and lifestyle. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy on the reduction of glycated hemoglobin among people with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Materials: This study was a quasi-experimental research with an experimental and control groups in a pretest, posttest, and follow-up design. The statistical population of the research included all patients with type 2 diabetes, aged from 25-45, who were under treatment in the Diabetes Clinic of Dr. Ganjavian Hospital, Dezful, Iran, and had been diagnosed for at least one year. The sample size consisted of 40 men selected by convenience sampling method. Allocating the individuals in the experimental and control groups was done randomly. Ten group-sessions were held weekly for 2 hours for the experimental group, while the control group was on the waiting list. In order to examine the changes made by the cognitive therapy program, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was recruited. Findings: Cognitive therapy led to a reduction in glycated hemoglobin of the experimental group in the posttest and follow-up phases. However, the control group did not show a significant change in the posttest as compared to the pre-test. Conclusions: Teaching cognitive therapy can be effective in controlling blood sugar (HbA 1 c) among patients with type 2 diabetes.
