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Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Aim and Background: This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of face to face and internet-applied methods of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Counseling (CBGC) based on Ellis's theory in increasing marital satisfaction. Method and Materials: In a controlled experimental pre-post test study, a total number of 36 couples with low marital satisfaction referred to a university counseling center were randomly selected. They were then randomly assigned to one control and two experimental groups. The two different methods of CBGC were applied for the two experimental groups.   Data was analyzed using the one-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and the post-hoc Sheffeh's test through the SPSS-12 software. Findings: A significant higher increase was seen in marital satisfaction in both intervention groups compared with the control one (P Conclusion: For solving marital problems, internet-applied group counseling can be regarded as a good substitute for the face to face method in special conditions.

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Aim and Background: Alexithymia or emotional inhibition is an important risk factor for psychosomatic disorders such as gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the dimensions of alexithymia with depression and anxiety in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). Methods and Materials: In a descriptive-correlation study, 129 patients were selected from patients with FGID referred to digestive clinic of the Noor hospital in Isfahan (during 5 months in 2008). They were investigated using Toronto Alexithymia scale , hospital anxiety and depression scale and gastrointestinal symptom rating scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Findings: Only the dimension of “difficulty in identifying feelings” has a significant positive correlation with depression, anxiety and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in FGID patients. This dimension is predictor variance of depression, anxiety and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions: The study emphasizes on the role of alexithymia especially the dimension of “ difficulty in identifying feelings” to understand the psychopathology of FGID. So, it seems that assessment and considering it as an effective factor in the treatment of these patients is essential.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to compare patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and normal persons in terms of alexithymia, severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, and demographic variables. Methods and Materials: This causal-comparative research included 129 FGID patients who were referred to a psychosomatic disorders clinic in Isfahan, Iran. A matched group of 108 healthy individuals (without digestive diagnoses) was also considered as the control group. Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20) and gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale (GSRS) were used to evaluate the participants. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, correlation coefficient and Fisher's Z test. Findings: There was a significant difference between patients with FGIDs and healthy controls in terms of number of alexithymia symptoms and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms. The results also indicated a relationship between education level and alexithymia as well as its dimensions (difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings) in both groups. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in this regard. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that patients with FGIDs had higher scores of alexithymia and more severe somatic symptoms compared to the healthy control group. Furthermore, higher education levels were associated with lower risks of alexithymia. Such a finding might have been due to the higher ability of more educated patients in describing and identifying emotions.

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Aim and Background: Perfectionism is known as a potential maladaptive personality trait with significant psychological consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between stress and positive and negative perfectionism in normal subjects. Methods and Materials: Using convenience sampling method, 162 adults who aged 18-50 years old and did not have a history of any specific physical or mental disorders were selected. They were evaluated by means of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale and Cooper&#039;s Stress Signs Inventory. Data was analyzed using Pearson&#039;s correlation test, multiple regression analysis, and analysis of covariance in SPSS 16 . Findings: Negative perfectionism had a statistically significant positive correlation with stress (P < 0.01). Negative perfectionism could predict 14% of the variance of stress signs. Mean scores of positive and negative perfectionism and stress were not significantly different between men and women. Conclusions: According to our findings, negative perfectionism can increase stress. In other words, negative perfectionism can be considered as an internal stressor.

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Abstract: Aim and Background: The exact review of the prevalence of internalized and externalized disorders in adolescence is essential to design and prepares appropriate remedial services that aimed at reducing the negative consequences and subsequent growth of mental disorders and improving adolescent functioning. The aim of this study is investigation of prevalence of internalized and externalized behavioral problems among middle school boys Zanjan city. Methods and Materials: The study population consisted of all male students in Zanjan middle schools in the academic year 91-90 . For sampling, by using random cluster sampling 300 students were selected as sample and Achenbach Adolescent self-evaluation questionnaire (YSR) was completed by them. Finally, after excluding incomplete questionnaires, 292 completed questionnaires were entered into the analysis. Findings: Result showed that prevalence of internalized and externalized problems according to clinical classification , on a scale based on DSM are, respectively, 3 percent and 4.5 percent and According to the border classification, respectively, are 6.4 percent and 8 percent. In the clinical category of internalized disorders, the highest prevalence rate is somatization (8.2 percent) and in the clinical category of externalized disorders, the highest prevalence rate, is conduct disorder (8.2 percent). In the borderline category of internalized disorders, the highest prevalence rate is depression and in the externalized disorders, the highest prevalence rate, is oppositional defiant disorder. Conclusions: Considering that there are internalized and externalized problems among adolescents, the need for designing treatment and prevention programs is felt.

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Aim and Background: Migraine is a psychosomatic disorder reported as one of the most common disorders of disability among all noncontagious diseases in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of lifestyle training and therapy products derived traditional medicine on reducing the symptoms in patients who suffer from migraine. Methods and Materials: A semi-experimental method was used along with a pre- and post-test design and control group with a follow-up period of 40 days. Fourthy five people diagnosed with migraine by a neurologist, who were referreing to neurology department of Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, during winter to spring 2014, were equally randomized into three groups (two experimental and one control group, each group with 15 numbers). Eight training sessions were held for the experimental group of lifestyle training and the group of traditional medicine was visited and treated by a Traditional Medicine specialist. Symptoms of headache and migraine headache were assessed using the Najarian migraine scale through pre-test, post-test and 40-days-after follow-up phase. Findings: Lifestyle training intervention had a significant effect on the post-test scores of the migraine (P < 0.001). But these results were not significant at the follow-up phase. Traditional medicine did not have any significant effect in reducing the symptoms of migraine. In addition, among the demographic variables, age had negative correlation with symptoms of migraine, so that it reduced the symptoms of migraine. Conclusions: Life-style training could be used as a complementary therapy to alleviate the symptoms in migraine sufferers. It is recommended that future researches focus on other approaches to traditional medicine and its effectiveness will be measured in reducing migraine symptoms.

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Aim and Background: Depressive disorder is one of the most common psychological disorders which may diminish personal function if not treated well. Common treatments for this disorder include serotonergic substance reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Some references also suggest herbal remedies for the treatment of this disorder. Methods and Materials: This review article was designed to evaluate the conventional and complementary treatments for depression. Treatment methods were gathered from Persian medicine textbooks and were revised and summarized after consulting with an expert panel. The conventional medical treatment methods were also reviewed and presented. Findings: The herbal remedies have considerable efficacy in depression treatment and may be suitable choices for complementary therapy. Conclusions: A physician would choose the best treatment method depending on depression severity, recurrence, duration and other underlying diseases. It is necessary to conduct scientific research projects to evaluate the safety and efficacy of complementary therapies in this field.

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Aim and Background: Test anxiety is one of the most common anxieties in educational environments, which, in addition to negative effects on academic performance, can lead to a reduction in psychological well-being among students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment Therapy (ACT) on test anxiety and psychological well-being of high school students. Methods and Materials: This study was a semi experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population included all boy students in high school of Najaf Abad city in the school year 2013-2014. Sample size includes 60 students (each group 30 person) that were selected by multistep cluster sampling method. Both groups completed the Sarason's Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) and Reef's Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) as pre-test and post-test. Data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MONCOVA) method and using the SPSS software. Findings: The results of MONCOVA showed that there is a significant difference between post-test scores of experimental and control groups (p<0.001, F= 44.80 ) . In the other hand, ACT led to significant decrease test anxiety (F= 33.17, p<0.001 ) and significant increase psychological well-being (F= 27.26, p<0.001). Conclusions: The results showed ACT method is effective in decrease test anxiety and increase psychological well-being of students.